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20 10 Road transportation Road transportation 0 Figure 2.3 OECD Non-OECD World Passenger cars in use, 1970–2008 Figure 2.3 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 millions OECD Developing countries Transition economies 0 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 Figure 2.4 This rapid acceleration of the car stock in countries that have relatively low per capita ownership cars per 1,000 levels has come with rising income levels. And today, there population remains (millions) huge potential for growth in the stock of cars in many developing countries. For example, car ownership in OECD countries in 2008 averaged 489 per 1,000 people, 700 while in developing countries it averaged just 38 per 1,000. Table 2.1 and Figure 2.4 OECD countries Cumulative document the huge 400–700 differences in car ownership per capita for individual countries, as 600 population well as world regions. For instance, while 722 cars per 1,000 people were on the road in the US in 2008, the level was as low as just one car per 1,000 in parts of Africa and Asia. 500 7,000 6,000 5,000 The rapid growth in the Transition number economies of cars in developing countries is emphasized in Figure 400 200–400 2.5. China saw by far the fastest growth of car ownership over the years 2000–2008, increasing by 27 million over that period. 300 4,000 3,000 While rising disposable income levels continued to push car ownership to higher levels in 200the OECD over the period 2000–2008, an increase of 82 million in the stock Developing countries of cars, saturation effects will increasingly typically come less into than 200 play. Indeed, these effects are 4.5 billion people live in already 100 visible in some countries, notably the US and Canada (Figure 2.6). On top of countries with less than 1 this, the amount of kilometres driven per car also tends to car reach per 20 saturation people levels, or 0 2,000 1,000 0 79 100 0 Chapter 2 10 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
80 Table 2.1 Vehicle and passenger car ownership in 2008 Population Vehicles Cars Cars millions millions millions per 1,000 North America 457.7 299.9 265.5 580.1 Canada 33.3 19.5 18.9 566.8 Mexico 108.6 28.0 19.2 177.3 US 311.7 245.9 225.0 721.8 Western Europe 542.2 274.2 236.0 435.3 Austria 8.3 4.7 4.3 514.0 Belgium 10.6 5.8 5.1 484.5 France 62.0 37.2 30.9 497.3 Germany 82.3 45.5 41.2 500.6 Greece 11.1 6.2 5.0 445.1 Hungary 10.0 3.6 3.1 305.2 Italy 59.6 40.2 35.7 598.5 Luxembourg 0.5 0.4 0.3 684.1 Netherlands 16.5 8.5 7.4 447.2 Poland 38.1 18.9 16.1 422.0 Portugal 10.7 5.6 5.5 511.0 Spain 44.5 27.6 22.1 497.8 Turkey 73.9 10.2 6.8 92.0 UK 61.2 32.3 28.4 463.7 OECD Pacific 200.8 111.2 85.9 427.8 Australia 21.1 14.7 11.8 560.1 Japan 127.3 76.0 59.0 463.3 New Zealand 4.2 3.1 2.6 622.0 South Korea 48.2 16.8 12.5 259.3 OECD 1,200.6 685.3 587.4 489.2 Latin America 421.7 76.2 59.7 141.5 Argentina 39.9 13.4 10.6 266.3 Brazil 192.0 40.1 32.3 168.3 Chile 16.8 2.9 1.8 108.6 Colombia 45.0 2.6 1.8 41.1 Peru 28.8 1.6 1.0 34.6 Uruguay 3.3 0.7 0.6 184.2 Middle East & Africa 824.1 35.0 22.4 27.2 Egypt 81.5 3.5 2.5 31.2 Ethiopia 80.7 0.3 0.1 0.9 Ghana 23.9 0.8 0.5 21.7 Jordan 6.1 0.9 0.6 98.0 Kenya 38.8 0.9 0.7 17.7 Morocco 31.6 2.3 1.7 54.8 South Africa 49.7 8.1 5.4 109.7 Sudan 41.3 1.2 0.8 20.3 Syria 21.2 1.3 0.6 26.0
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Section One
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Chapter 1 World oil trends: overvie
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Box 1.1 Regulatory reform in the en
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130 influences and, therefore, brin
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132 early support given to Brazil
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134 the call on OPEC crude by 2035
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136 us to cooperate to lay the foun
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138 Figure 4.1 Table 4.6 Oil supply
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140 COP-16, held in Cancun at the e
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142 in Article 4, paragraph 8, of t
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144 identifies sustainable long-ter
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146 Beyond the oil sector, there ar
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148 other international research an
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