Evaluation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in ...

Evaluation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Europe – Final Report
two cases methods to support the participation of stakeholders were
brought in through Coastal Area Management Projects (CAMP). The
Spanish national ICZM strategy foresees an adequate involvement of
stakeholders, however, its own elaboration was done without
significant and sufficient stakeholder participation. In all other
countries stakeholder participation is in its infancy or only practiced in
few rather exceptional cases.
Holistic and Integrative Approach
Holistic ICZM approaches imbedded in wider country strategies
integrating views and initiating efforts across sectors emerge for
some countries only: Cyprus, Greece, Malta, Slovenia, Spain and to
some extent Croatia. In some instances (e.g. Croatia and Malta) there
has been a good opportunity to develop a holistic and integrative
approach starting from spatial planning and management where
“traditionally” a cross-sectoral approach had been in use.
Governance and Management Structures
Adequate governance and management structures are in all countries
deficient. In most countries laws and regulations need to be “overhauled”
systematically. In those few cases where a number of new
laws and regulations with reference to coastal areas were recently
promulgated (e.g. Slovenia) often there is a problem of lack of
experience on how to implement them. In some instances (e.g.
Greece, Cyprus and Malta) law enforcement is mentioned as a
significant problem.
Integration of different levels (national, regional, local)
MEDITERRANEAN SEA total
10
16
6
Cyprus
2
4
France
Spain
Malta
Croatia
2 4
4 1
2 1 1
1 2
Yes
No
Uncertain
Greece
Italy
Slovenia
1
2
2
2
1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Number of questionnaires
Figure 23: Response to the ICZM Evaluation Questionnaire (Mediterranean Sea):
Do you feel your country’s approach for coastal management in general sufficiently
covers the following principles: Integration of different levels)
Overlapping and/or unclear responsibilities, in the absence of clear
obligation for policy-coordination between all concerned parties,
makes effective management more difficult to achieve and efforts to
integration and coordination are often left to the good will of involved
agencies and stakeholders (e.g. Malta). Good examples of creating
new coordinative mechanisms involving various stakeholders
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