Evaluation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in ...

Evaluation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Europe – Final Report
maritime shipping, are other commonalities seen especially along the
western coast.
The negative pressure caused by the tourist construction industry and
illegal construction along the western coast of the Black Sea, is
leading to reduced accessibility to beach resources for the general
public as well as the destruction of natural coastal and loss of marine
habitats, and disrupted coastal dynamics.
The basis of this serious problem has been described as fourfold: 1)
the high priority given to the tourist industry by the central government,
sustained by inter-sectoral economic activities (such as
maritime transport and port activities, fisheries and aquaculture, and
mineral exploitation), 2) lack of law enforcement, 3) no interaction
between coastal scientists, planners and decision-makers, and 4)
lack of an organized and holistic multi-disciplinary monitoring of the
coastal zone ecosystem of the coast.
According to the EEA, artificial surface and associated use of coastal
zone has grown, amounting to the 2.5% in relation to the total area of
the assessed coastal zone. Around 14% of this artificialisation occurs
in the first kilometre from the coastline as compared to the 6% for the
whole 10km coastal zone (EEA, 2006).
ICZM poses an excellent opportunity for national authorities to
enhance and support indigenous crafts (such as sustainable fishing
and agricultural practices) along the coastal zone that respect coastal
resources. For example, eco-tourism is being recently featured in the
Danube Delta region where upgrading and development of the
necessary public and infrastructure works, conservation of beaches
and coastal landscape and pollution control features are some of the
priorities.
Eco-tourism
featured in the
Danube Delta
region
Inappropriate fishing practices have significantly diminished fish
stocks. In this regard, the revision of current policies addressing
sustainable development of fisheries are being addressed. Incentives
promoting aquaculture occur in Turkey, making it the largest producer
among new member states and candidate countries. It has been
reported that in this country, aquaculture practices coexist in harmony
with traditional fisheries.
The countries under evaluation have important regional, binding
instruments that favour the safeguarding of the Black Sea against
Marine Pollution (in particular to oil pollution), the Rehabilitation and
Protection of the Sea, as well as on the joint efforts to protect its
biological diversity. Marine pollution has been recognised as a
common threat to all Black Sea coastal States and measures have
been taken towards a joint abatement and control of this type of
pollution jointly by all the regional countries.
The common, main sectors and related policies along the Black Sea
coastal zone include: maritime transport and port activities, marine
resources extraction (gas and sand exploitation), oil installation (in the
north-east) and transboundary transport of oil and gas, and industry
(manufacturing and service-oriented).
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