Railway Reform: Toolkit for Improving Rail Sector Performance - ppiaf

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Railway Reform: Toolkit for Improving Rail Sector Performance ©2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org All rights reserved This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978- 750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. The World Bank Page i
Railway Reform: Toolkit for Improving Rail Sector Performance Foreword Railway lending has always been a challenge for the World Bank. One notable success story is the oft-cited loan to Japanese National Railways to support construction of the first leg of the Shinkansen (Tokyo to Osaka) as part of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics investments. However, the challenge continues because, perhaps more than with any other transport mode, railways do not readily yield to a standardized reform formula. Fortunately, the tools that have emerged from the many years of experience are flexible, and can be deployed to achieve a wide range of reform objectives. This toolkit should be a constant companion to those who want their nation’s railway sector to become an efficient link in a transport network that reinforces national economic growth. In 1982, an initial comprehensive review of Bank railway lending, “The Railways Problem,” concluded that railways could play an important role in the transport sector of many countries. 1 However, the report also found that during the years after World War II railways had “…become slow-moving public administrations, now requiring extensive structural change…” In most cases change had been slow, due in part to confusion about which functions should be managed by the state and which by the railways, and in part to the persistent delusion that investment alone would resolve all the problems. In reality what was needed were changes in policies, organizational structures, and facilities (including disinvestments that respond to changing traffic levels). Due to the glacial pace of change, many railways remained bottlenecks to development and a drain on government finances. 2 The report concluded that governments should: (i) remove restrictions on competing modes, tax them appropriately and limit subsidies to railways; (ii) shake up existing railway staff and bring in new management and marketing skills more appropriate to commercial operations; and (iii) ensure that investment projects aim to serve customer or operating needs so as not to become white elephants. The report argued that the World Bank should lend only to railways willing to embark on a thorough process of managerial and structural transformation. Through the 1980s, despite the declared desire to press for railways restructuring and commercialization of services, World Bank lending continued to struggle with recalcitrant railways and governments. World Bank projects remained focused on investments to repair and rehabilitate facilities that had suffered more from mismanagement than overuse. Bank loans did include more requirements for change, and focused on restructuring; but clients tended to perform better on investment components than on reform. The momentum of change in the Bank sometimes seemed barely ahead of that of its railway clients. The World Bank 1 1 “The Railways Problem,” Transportation and Water Department, World Bank, January 28, 1982, reissued November 29, 1982. 2 Ibid, summary page. Page ii
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Railway Reform: Toolkit for Improving Rail Sector Performance - ppiaf

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