Railway Reform: Toolkit for Improving Rail Sector Performance - ppiaf

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Railway Reform: Toolkit for Improving Rail Sector Performance 1. Introduction Railways, especially state-owned railways, are powerful institutions; they are typically the largest single employer in a country and generally have a longstanding institutional life. Due to their size and importance, railways have considerable political clout, which is a significant factor to consider in designing reform efforts. Because railways are so powerful, successful reform efforts are often precipitated by a crisis to rally sufficient political will to surmount the inevitable difficulties involved. The larger the railway—measured by staff numbers, revenues, or share of state budgets—the more profound the crisis must be to find sufficient political support for sustained rail reform efforts. Some preliminary aspects of the reform process can be completed before a crisis is imminent, but implementation of significant sector reforms will require substantial and sustained efforts by responsible government entities and a crisis sharpens their resolve and focus. International experience with reforms has proven that a comprehensive communications strategy is essential. The larger and more powerful the railway reform targets, the more thorough the outreach effort must be. Most successful reformers have hired professional communications firms to design and coordinate a sophisticated outreach and information dissemination program to consult the public, employees, shippers, and other stakeholders about their concerns, to explain the need for reforms and the resulting benefits, and to keep stakeholders informed of progress. 1.8 Structure of this Resource This document and accompanying website are a comprehensive resource for those involved in railway reform, covering issues that may arise in designing, implementing and consolidating railway reforms. The first part introduces railway reform. Chapter 1 describes the role of railways in an economy, introduces railway reform and explains why countries undertake railway reform. Chapter 2 provides information about railways markets and technology—a useful base of knowledge for understanding the later chapters. The second part explains the elements of railway economic and financial sustainability. Chapter 3 explains the economics of railways and how this affects their market power, pricing and cost recovery. Chapter 4 discusses the elements of financial sustainability for railways. This part is supported by Annexes on financial modeling, benchmarking and costing. The third part—Chapter 5—describes the options for the rail industry structure along the dimensions of business organization, competition and separability. It also discusses options for non core activities. The fourth part discusses the roles of government in the railway sector. Chapter 6 provides an overview of the roles of government. Chapter 7 provides more detailed information about how government should exercise its role as owner of the railway. Chapter 8 discusses government as the purchaser of services from the railway. Chapter 9 addresses the role of government as regulator. This part is supported by Annexes on concession and service contracts. The World Bank Page 8
Railway Reform: Toolkit for Improving Rail Sector Performance 1. Introduction The fifth part discusses how to improve the railway’s efficiency and market responsiveness by managing the railway in a commercial fashion, and is applicable to both government and private sector owned railway entities. Chapter 10 discusses best practices in corporate governance. Chapter 11 explains how commercial railways organization structures differ from traditional, non-commercial organization structures. Chapter 12 covers commercial management practices for strategy development, market responsive service design and pricing, investment planning and staffing. The sixth part, in Chapter 13, discusses how to harness the private sector in railways. It is also supported by the Annexes on concession and service contracts. The last part consists of nine case studies that illustrate various types of railway reform in railways from Africa, Asia and Europe. Each case represents a unique mix of reform choices for business organization, competition and separability. The cases range from introduction of commercial practices (Moroccan Railways) to corporatization and partial introduction of competition (Russian Railways), private competitive rail operations (Virgin), and concessioning (Camrail). Links are provided to additional case studies and other reports that provide more detailed information about the railway reform process. The World Bank Page 9
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Railway Reform: Toolkit for Improving Rail Sector Performance - ppiaf

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