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Preparatory Notes for ASNT NDT Level III Examination - Ultrasonic Testing, UT
Preparatory Notes for ASNT NDT Level III Examination - Ultrasonic Testing
Preparatory Notes for ASNT NDT Level III Examination - Ultrasonic Testing
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Birring <strong>NDT</strong> Series, <strong>Ultrasonic</strong> Distance Amplitude Correction - DAC<br />
www.youtube.com/embed/qUqaF0PnLGA?list=UUZncq6JFram3pfQDlzGggwA
Birring <strong>NDT</strong> Series, <strong>Ultrasonic</strong> Distance Amplitude Correction - DAC www.youtube.com/embed/qUqaF0PnLGA?list=UUZncq6JFram3pfQDlzGggwA
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Preparatory Notes for ASNT NDT Leve
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Numerical Prefix • Micro - (µ) a
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Contents: 1. ASNT Level III Exam To
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4. Interpretation/Evaluations • E
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UT - Ultrasonic Testing Length: 4 h
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3. Techniques/Calibrations •Conta
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ASME V Article Numbers: Gen Article
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Other Reading • http://techcorr.c
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Content: Section 1: Introduction 1.
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Content: Section 3: Equipment & Tra
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Content: Section 4: Calibration Met
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Content: Section 6: Selected Applic
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Section 1: Introduction
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1.1: Basic Principles of Ultrasonic
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In ultrasonic testing, the reflecte
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Basics of Ultrasonic Test- Contact
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Basics of Ultrasonic Test- A-Scan
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Source-2: The advantages of ultraso
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• Operation is electronic, which
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1.3: Limitations (Disadvantages) As
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Content: Section 2: Physics of Ultr
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Ultrasonic Formula
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Parameters of Ultrasonic Waves
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Acoustic Spectrum
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Acoustic Spectrum
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Acoustic Wave - Node and Anti-Node
- Page 59 and 60:
Q151 A point, line or surface of a
- Page 61 and 62:
2.2.2 Propagation & Polarization Ve
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Longitudinal and shear waves- Defin
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Longitudinal and shear waves
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In longitudinal waves, the oscillat
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Longitudinal Wave
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Shear waves vibrate particles at ri
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In the transverse or shear wave, th
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2.2.5 Rayleigh Characteristics Rayl
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Rayleigh waves
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Surface (or Rayleigh) waves travel
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The major axis of the ellipse is pe
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Surface wave or Rayleigh wave are f
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Surface wave - Following Contour Su
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Rayleigh Wave http://web.ics.purdue
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Love Wave
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At this depth, wave energy is about
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Q: Which of the following modes of
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Since the 1990s, the understanding
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Plate or Lamb waves are the most co
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Plate wave or Lamb wave are formed
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When guided in layers they are refe
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Symmetrical = extensional mode Asym
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Other Reading: Lamb Wave Lamb waves
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Fig. 4 Diagram of the basic pattern
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2.2.7 Dispersive Wave: Wave modes s
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Plate or Lamb waves are generated a
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2.3: Sound Propagation in Elastic M
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Spring model- A mass on a spring ha
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Elastic Model
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Elastic Model / Longitudinal Wave
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Elastic Model / Shear Wave
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Since the mass m and the spring con
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Elastic constant → spring constan
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Q163 Acoustic velocity of materials
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When calculating the velocity of a
- Page 133 and 134:
It must also be mentioned that the
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Longitudinal Wave Velocity: V L The
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2.4: Properties of Acoustic Plane W
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http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationReso
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Java don’t work? Uninstalled →
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Java don’t work? http://jingyan.b
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Java don’t work? http://jingyan.b
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The velocities sound waves The velo
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2.5: Wavelength and Defect Detectio
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Keywords: • Discontinuity must be
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Keywords: • Coarse grains →Lowe
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Coarse grains →Lower frequency to
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Keywords: • Higher the frequency,
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2.5.3 Further Reading Detectability
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Determining cross sectional area us
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“Sonic pulse volume” and S/N (d
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2.6: Attenuation of Sound Waves 2.6
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Absorption: Sound attenuations are
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Anisotropic Columnar Grains with di
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The amplitude change of a decaying
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Attenuation is generally proportion
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Amplitude at distance Z where: Wher
- Page 178:
2.6.2 Factors Affecting Attenuation
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2.6.4 Further Reading on Attenuatio
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Q168: Heat conduction, viscous fric
- Page 185 and 186:
2.7: Acoustic Impedance Acoustic im
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Sound travels through materials und
- Page 189 and 190:
Reflection/Transmission Energy as a
- Page 191 and 192:
Q2.8: The acoustic impedance of mat
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When the acoustic impedances of the
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Reflection Coefficient:
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Using the above applet, note that t
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Incident Wave other than Normal? -
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Q: The figure above shown the parti
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For example: The dB loss on transmi
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Q6: For an ultrasonic beam with nor
- Page 207 and 208:
Refraction and Snell's Law When an
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Refraction takes place at an interf
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Snell's Law describes the relations
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Snell Law http://www.ndt-ed.org/Edu
- Page 218 and 219:
When a longitudinal wave moves from
- Page 220 and 221:
Refraction and mode conversion occu
- Page 222 and 223:
For example, calculate the first cr
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Snell Law: 1 st / 2 nd Critical Ang
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Q. Both longitudinal and shear wave
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Typical angle beam assemblies make
- Page 236 and 237:
Depth & Skip
- Page 238 and 239:
Second Critical Angle The second cr
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2.10: Mode Conversion When sound tr
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In the previous section, it was poi
- Page 244 and 245:
Snell's Law
- Page 246 and 247:
Reflections
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V S1 V S2
- Page 250 and 251:
Snell Law- 1 st & 2 nd Critical Ang
- Page 252 and 253:
Transverse wave can be introduced i
- Page 254 and 255:
Calculate the offset for following
- Page 256 and 257:
Refraction and mode conversion at n
- Page 258 and 259:
Refraction and mode conversion at n
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Q1. From the above figures, if the
- Page 262 and 263:
Q: On Calculation: Incident angle=
- Page 264 and 265:
Q1. If you were requested to design
- Page 266 and 267:
2.11: Signal-to-Noise Ratio In a pr
- Page 268 and 269:
The following formula relates some
- Page 270 and 271:
Rather than go into the details of
- Page 273 and 274:
Determining cross sectional area us
- Page 275 and 276:
“Sonic pulse volume” and S/N (d
- Page 277 and 278:
Pulse Length
- Page 279 and 280:
2.12: The Sound Fields 2.12.1 Wave
- Page 281 and 282:
When waves interact, they superimpo
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UT Transducer http://www.fhwa.dot.g
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UT Transducer
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Wave Interaction Complete in-phase
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With an ultrasonic transducer, the
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29. It is possible for a discontinu
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2.12.2 Variations in sound intensit
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The sound wave exit from a transduc
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The Near Field (Fresnel) and the Fa
- Page 299 and 300:
Amplitude ← Near Field Effect: Be
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Near field (near zone) or Fresnel z
- Page 303 and 304:
Near/ Far Fields http://miac.unibas
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where α is the radius of the trans
- Page 307 and 308:
The curvature and the area over whi
- Page 309 and 310:
Fresnel & Fraunhofer Zone
- Page 311 and 312:
Fresnel & Fraunhofer Zone http://st
- Page 313 and 314:
Q4: A transducer has a near field i
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2.12.4 Dead Zone In ultrasonic test
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Dead Zone -The initial pulse is a t
- Page 319 and 320:
Dead Zone Illustration http://www.n
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Q: On an A-scan display, the “dea
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2.13: Inverse Square Rule/ Inverse
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Small Reflector, a reflector smalle
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2.14: Resonance Another form wave i
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Thickness of Crystal at Fundamental
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Resonance UT Testing- The diagram b
- Page 335 and 336:
From the natural frequencies it is
- Page 337 and 338:
Q: The formula used to determine th
- Page 339 and 340:
2.15 Measurement of Sound
- Page 341 and 342:
Ultrasonic Formula - Signal Amplitu
- Page 343 and 344:
where: delta X is the difference in
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From this table it can be seen that
- Page 347 and 348:
However, the power or intensity of
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Revising the table to reflect the r
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Sound Levels- Relative dB
- Page 353 and 354:
“Absolute" Sound Levels Sound pre
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dB meter 97.3dB against standards s
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Exercise: Find the absolute sound l
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Practice: dB
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Example Calculation 2 If the intens
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What is the absolute rock concert s
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Practice Makes Perfect 28. An advan
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学 习 总 是 开 心 事
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学 习 总 是 开 心 事
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学 习 总 是 开 心 事
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学 习 总 是 开 心 事
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学 习 总 是 开 心 事
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Typical sound velocities
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Content: Section 3: Equipment & Tra
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3.1: Piezoelectric Transducers The
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Pulse width (PW) - the time duratio
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Piezoelectric Properties The conver
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Fig. 5.10: Basic design of a single
- Page 391 and 392:
Piezoelectric crystals http://www.n
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Piezoelectric crystals
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Piezoelectric crystals
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The active element of most acoustic
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The fundamental frequency of the tr
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At Interface: Reflection & Transmit
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At Interface: Reflection & Transmit
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Piezoelectric crystals
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Piezoelectric crystals
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Piezoelectric crystals
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■ Quartz is a Silicon Oxide (SiO
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SiO3-Silicon Quartz
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Lithium Sulphate LiSO 4 硫 酸 锂
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■ Barium Titanate (BaTiO 3 ) are
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BaTiO 3
- Page 421 and 422:
Fig. 3: Comparison between PZT (lef
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■ Lead Zirconate Titanate (PBZrO
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350°C is also goof for:
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350°C is also goof for:
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Lead zirconium Titanate is an inter
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http://www.ndt.net/article/platte2/
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Ceramic Transducer
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Q68: Which of the following transdu
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Q73: Which of the following is the
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Transducer
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3.2.1 Transducer Cut-Out A cut away
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Transducer
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Transducer: Angle Beam
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3.2.2 The Active Element (Crystal)
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Matching Layer: Immersion & Delay T
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Note on Backing: The backing materi
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Matching Layer (Wear Plate) For imm
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Transducers
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3.2.6 Transducer Efficiency, Bandwi
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2 λ 50% Amplitude or 6dB line. 2
- Page 463 and 464:
3.2.6.2 Transducer Damping It is al
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Transducer (Backing) Damping: • H
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Transducer Damping
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Transducer Damping at -20dB
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Transducer Damping
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Wave form Duration at -10dB
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Transducer Damping- High Damping (X
- Page 477 and 478:
3.2.6.3 Bandwidth: It is also impor
- Page 479 and 480:
The central frequency will also def
- Page 481 and 482:
Bandwidth (BW) - the difference bet
- Page 483 and 484:
Transducers are constructed to with
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Instrumentation Filtered Band Width
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Q8: Receiver noise must often be fi
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Q48: The approximate bandwidth of t
- Page 491:
Since the ultrasound originates fro
- Page 494 and 495:
Near Field
- Page 496 and 497:
Angular characteristics: Lines of e
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Angular characteristics: Sound-pres
- Page 500 and 501:
For a piston source transducer of r
- Page 502 and 503:
Spherical or cylindrical focusing c
- Page 504 and 505:
Probe Dimension & Spread angle 探
- Page 506 and 507:
Probe dimension & Z f , , Ɵ 探
- Page 508 and 509:
3.4: Transducer Beam Spread As disc
- Page 510 and 511:
As shown in the applet below, beam
- Page 513 and 514:
Beam angle is an important consider
- Page 515 and 516:
3.5: Transducer Types Ultrasonic tr
- Page 517 and 518:
Contact Transducers
- Page 519 and 520:
Contact Transducer http://www.olymp
- Page 521 and 522:
3.5.2 Immersion transducers In imme
- Page 523 and 524:
Focusing Ration in water/steel (F=4
- Page 525 and 526:
Focal Length Equation: The focal le
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Focal Length Variations
- Page 529 and 530:
Cylindrical & Spherical Focused
- Page 531 and 532:
Q79: What type of search unit allow
- Page 533 and 534:
Q78: Which of the following is not
- Page 535 and 536:
For a single crystal probe the leng
- Page 537 and 538:
There are other advantages 1. Doubl
- Page 539 and 540:
Advantages: Improves near surface r
- Page 541 and 542:
Duo Elements Transducer Transmittin
- Page 543 and 544:
3.5.4 Delay line transducers provid
- Page 545 and 546:
Other Reading (Olympus): Delay Line
- Page 547:
Delay lined Transducer
- Page 550 and 551:
Probe Delay with TR-Probe
- Page 552 and 553:
Probe Delay
- Page 554 and 555:
Delay Line UT 1 Lab 8 www.youtube.c
- Page 556 and 557:
Angle Beam Transducers- Angle beam
- Page 558 and 559:
Angle Beam Transducers- Angle beam
- Page 560 and 561:
Angle Beam Transducers- Angle beam
- Page 562 and 563:
Angle Beam Transducers- Angle beam
- Page 564 and 565:
Angle Beam Transducers- Angle beam
- Page 566 and 567:
Angle Beam Transducers ϴ 1L ϴ 2L
- Page 568 and 569:
Angle Beam Transducers- Mode Conver
- Page 570 and 571:
Angle Beam Transducers- Common Term
- Page 572 and 573:
Angle Beam Transducer http://www.ol
- Page 574 and 575:
Application of Normal incidence she
- Page 576 and 577:
Normal incidence shear wave transdu
- Page 578 and 579:
Q: To evaluate and accurately locat
- Page 580 and 581:
Q: A special scanning device with t
- Page 582 and 583:
3.6: Transducer Testing Some transd
- Page 584 and 585:
TRANSDUCER EXCITATION As a general
- Page 586 and 587:
Square Wave Spiked Pulser: (negativ
- Page 588 and 589:
UT Flaw Detector - Olympus EPOCH 60
- Page 590 and 591:
Effects of Probe Frequencies: 1. Hi
- Page 594 and 595:
As noted in the ASTM E1065 Standard
- Page 596 and 597:
Relative Pulse-Echo Sensitivity--Th
- Page 598 and 599:
Sound Field Measurements--The objec
- Page 600 and 601:
There is ongoing research to develo
- Page 602 and 603:
3.8: Couplants A couplant is a mate
- Page 604 and 605:
Immersion Method - Water as a coupl
- Page 606 and 607:
Squirter Column (bubbler)- Water as
- Page 608 and 609:
Couplant
- Page 610 and 611:
Electromagnetic-acoustic transducer
- Page 612 and 613:
EMAT
- Page 614 and 615:
Electromagnetic acoustic transducer
- Page 616 and 617:
3. Dry Inspection. Since no couplan
- Page 618 and 619:
Applications of EMATs EMAT has been
- Page 620 and 621:
Cross-sectional view of a spiral co
- Page 622 and 623:
Cross-sectional view of a tangentia
- Page 624 and 625:
EMATS The bulk-shear-wave EMAT cons
- Page 626 and 627:
Cross-sectional view of a periodic
- Page 628 and 629:
3.10: Pulser-Receivers Ultrasonic p
- Page 630 and 631:
Transducer Cut-out
- Page 632 and 633:
Pulse Length: BS4331 Pt2. N= Pulse
- Page 634:
Pulse Length: A long pulse length m
- Page 637 and 638:
Pulse Length
- Page 639 and 640:
Pulse Length
- Page 641 and 642:
Pulse-Length and Wave form Quality
- Page 643 and 644:
Pulse Length- x axis time domain Qu
- Page 645 and 646:
Pulse-echo mode of operation, wideb
- Page 647 and 648:
Sensitivity in pulse-echo mode of o
- Page 649 and 650:
Damping: Shock wave transducer and
- Page 651 and 652:
The pulser-receiver is also used in
- Page 653 and 654:
Transducers of the kind most common
- Page 655 and 656:
Bandwidth - Typical transducers for
- Page 657 and 658:
In fact, the actual beam profile is
- Page 659 and 660:
Attenuation - As it travels through
- Page 661 and 662:
3.11: Tone Burst Generators In Rese
- Page 663 and 664:
Tone burst generators http://www.se
- Page 665 and 666:
Section of biphase modulated spread
- Page 667 and 668:
3.13: Electrical Impedance Matching
- Page 669 and 670:
Cable Electrical Characteristics Th
- Page 671 and 672:
Capacitance in a cable is usually m
- Page 673 and 674:
Quality Factor “Q”
- Page 675 and 676:
3.15: Data Presentation Ultrasonic
- Page 677 and 678:
Data Presentation:
- Page 679 and 680:
In the A-scan presentation, relativ
- Page 681 and 682:
A-Scan http://static3.olympus-ims.c
- Page 683 and 684:
3.15.2 B-Scan http://static2.olympu
- Page 685 and 686:
B-Scan http://static2.olympus-ims.c
- Page 687 and 688:
It should be noted that a limitatio
- Page 689 and 690:
Q: In a B-scan display, the length
- Page 691 and 692:
C-Scan The (1) relative signal ampl
- Page 694 and 695:
C-Scan / A-Scan
- Page 696 and 697:
C-Scan
- Page 698 and 699:
C-Scan Recording
- Page 700 and 701:
The D scan- The D scan gives a side
- Page 702 and 703:
3.15.5 The Through Transmission Sha
- Page 704 and 705:
Fig. 12.1 Principle of the shadow m
- Page 706 and 707:
3.15.6 Other Presentations
- Page 708 and 709:
3.16.2 Through Transmission Techniq
- Page 711 and 712:
The Through Transmission Shadow Met
- Page 713 and 714:
The Tandem Techniques Phased array:
- Page 715 and 716:
During the set-up of immersion meth
- Page 717 and 718:
3.17 UT Equipment Circuitry & Contr
- Page 719 and 720:
Instrument Circuitry: Time base The
- Page 721 and 722:
Instrument Circuitry: Power Supply.
- Page 723 and 724:
Instrument Circuitry: Signal-condit
- Page 725 and 726:
Instrument Circuitry: Clock The clo
- Page 727 and 728:
Instrument Circuitry: Pulser-Receiv
- Page 729 and 730:
Instrument Control: REJECT Control
- Page 731 and 732:
Instrument Control: GAIN Control Th
- Page 733 and 734:
• A control that varies the level
- Page 735 and 736:
• High-voltage or low-voltage dri
- Page 737 and 738:
3.17.3 Pulse-Echo Instrumentation (
- Page 739:
3. The voltage pulse reaches the tr
- Page 742 and 743:
Typical block diagram of an analog
- Page 744 and 745:
3.17.4 B Scan Block diagram: B-scan
- Page 746 and 747:
Typical B-scan setup, including vid
- Page 748 and 749:
• Third, echoes are indicated by
- Page 750 and 751:
3.17.5 C-scan display C-scan displa
- Page 752 and 753:
System Setup. In a basic C-scan sys
- Page 754 and 755:
Q79: In the pulse echo instrument,
- Page 756 and 757:
Q1: The rate generator in B-scan eq
- Page 758 and 759:
Q129: An A-scan display, which show
- Page 760 and 761:
Q32: On many ultrasonic testing ins
- Page 762 and 763:
123. In a basic pulse echo ultrason
- Page 764 and 765:
3.18 Further Reading on Sub-Section
- Page 766 and 767:
In this picture there is two differ
- Page 768 and 769:
This picture shows how water waves
- Page 770 and 771:
3.18.4 Diffraction
- Page 772 and 773:
Diffraction
- Page 774 and 775:
Diffraction
- Page 776 and 777:
Diffraction
- Page 778 and 779:
This diagram shows an interference.
- Page 780 and 781:
Interference
- Page 782 and 783:
3.19 Questions & Answers
- Page 784 and 785:
Q12: The 1 MHz transducer that shou
- Page 786 and 787:
Q4. Calibration of ultrasonic equip
- Page 788 and 789:
Discussion Topic: Factors affecting
- Page 790:
Experts at Work-Salute!
- Page 794 and 795:
Content: Section 4: Calibration Met
- Page 796 and 797:
Calibrations
- Page 798 and 799:
This section will discuss some of t
- Page 800 and 801:
The IIW Type Calibration Block
- Page 802 and 803:
The IIW Type 2 Calibration Block
- Page 804 and 805:
EN12223:1999 Calibration Block
- Page 806 and 807:
The IIW Calibration Block 1 st Chec
- Page 808:
The IIW Calibration Block 2 nd Chec
- Page 812 and 813:
The IIW Phase Array Calibration Blo
- Page 814 and 815:
The IIW 2 Calibration Block Check f
- Page 816 and 817:
Calibration Blocks- Area Amplitude
- Page 818 and 819: IIW Blocks- US-1 IIW Type US-1
- Page 820 and 821: IIW Blocks- IIW Type Mini
- Page 822 and 823: IIW type blocks are used to calibra
- Page 824 and 825: A block that closely resembles the
- Page 826 and 827: DSC AWS Block
- Page 828 and 829: AWS Shear Wave Distance Calibration
- Page 830 and 831: The DC AWS Block is a metal path di
- Page 832 and 833: The RC Block is used to determine t
- Page 834 and 835: Miniature Resolution Block The mini
- Page 836 and 837: Distance/Sensitivity (DS) Block The
- Page 838 and 839: The ASTM basic set of Area/Distance
- Page 840 and 841: Distance/Area-Amplitude Blocks Dist
- Page 842 and 843: Area-Amplitude Blocks Area-amplitud
- Page 844 and 845: Key Words: Distance Amplitude Block
- Page 846 and 847: Q: A primary purpose of a reference
- Page 848 and 849: DAC Curve
- Page 850 and 851: DAC- Distance Amplitude Correction
- Page 853 and 854: A distance amplitude correction cur
- Page 855 and 856: DAC Java http://www.ndt-ed.org/Educ
- Page 857 and 858: Sequence for constructing a DAC cur
- Page 859 and 860: Back Wall Echo Sweep 2” / Distanc
- Page 861 and 862: 3.) Position the transducer over th
- Page 863 and 864: 5.) To complete the DAC curve conne
- Page 865 and 866: DAC Curve
- Page 867: Gain Control for FSH: It should be
- Page 871 and 872: 4.2.2: Finding the probe index
- Page 873 and 874: Exit Point- A5 Block
- Page 875 and 876: Checking the probe angle
- Page 877 and 878: Probe Angles- A5 Block
- Page 879 and 880: Calibration of shear waves for rang
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- Page 887 and 888: Calibration of shear waves for rang
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- Page 897 and 898: Example: 0 degree Probe Calibration
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- Page 901 and 902: 4.2.8.1: Linearity of time base Gen
- Page 907 and 908: Ultrasonic Testing - Horizontal Lin
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- Page 914 and 915: Figure 6 — General purpose set-up
- Page 916: Method A: 6.3.2.1 Apparatus—A tes
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Q61: The vertical linear range of a
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4.3: Curvature Correction Curvature
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Concave surfaces work to focus the
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Convex surfaces work to defocus the
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Q: In transmitting sound energy int
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The resulting model allows computat
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Curvature Corrections
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Curvature Correction
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4.4: Calibration References & Stand
- Page 937 and 938:
Reference Reflectors: are used as a
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Reference Reflectors are used as a
- Page 941 and 942:
Q80: The 50 mm diameter hole in an
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4.6: Video Time http://v.pps.tv/pla
- Page 945:
Birring NDT Series, Ultrasonic Test
- Page 951 and 952:
Content: Section 5: Measurement Tec
- Page 953 and 954:
5.1: Normal Beam Inspection Pulse-e
- Page 955 and 956:
A-Scan
- Page 957 and 958:
Precision ultrasonic thickness gage
- Page 959 and 960:
5.2: Angle Beams I Angle Beam Trans
- Page 961:
Angle Beam Transducers and wedges a
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Flaw Location and Echo Display
- Page 966 and 967:
Flaw Location and Echo Display
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Flaw Location and Echo Display
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Dead Zone
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Flaw Location
- Page 974 and 975:
Flaw Location with Angle Beam Trans
- Page 976 and 977:
Flaw Location with Angle Beam Trans
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The angled sound beam is highly sen
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How they work -- Snell's Law A soun
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There are two advantages to designi
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Contoured wedges
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Focused dual element angle beams Th
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threaded snap-in steel with a shear
- Page 990 and 991:
Crack Tip Diffraction Methods No an
- Page 992 and 993:
Crack Tip Diffraction Method The eq
- Page 994 and 995:
6 dB Drop Method
- Page 996 and 997:
6 dB Drop Method www.youtube.com/em
- Page 998 and 999:
5.3.3 The 20 dB drop sizing method
- Page 1000 and 1001:
20 dB Drop Sizing- For Small Reflec
- Page 1002 and 1003:
Move the probe to the other side of
- Page 1004 and 1005:
Note that we have only drawn the be
- Page 1006 and 1007:
5.3.4 Equalization Back Wall Sizing
- Page 1008 and 1009:
5.3.6 The DGS Method Distance Gain
- Page 1010 and 1011:
Automatic Scanning
- Page 1012 and 1013:
Dripless Bubbler
- Page 1014 and 1015:
The second major consideration is h
- Page 1016 and 1017:
Pulse-Echo and Pulse-Echo-Overlap M
- Page 1018 and 1019:
EMATs http://www.resonic.com/error%
- Page 1020 and 1021:
EMAT Driver Frequency: 450-600 KHz
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5.6: Attenuation Measurements Ultra
- Page 1024 and 1025:
The most common method used to get
- Page 1026 and 1027:
Attenuation:
- Page 1028 and 1029:
Section of bi-phase modulated sprea
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Spread Spectrum UT
- Page 1032 and 1033:
Two discrimination technique are te
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5.8: Signal Processing Techniques S
- Page 1036 and 1037:
The frequency domain display shows
- Page 1038 and 1039:
Fourier Analysis
- Page 1040 and 1041:
The following Fourier Java applet,
- Page 1042 and 1043:
5.9: Scanning Methods Direct contac
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Pulse Echo Method: Sound pressure o
- Page 1046 and 1047:
Pulse Echo Method
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Pulse Echo Method
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Amplitude loss: Inverse Square Law
- Page 1052 and 1053:
Influence of reflector orientation
- Page 1054 and 1055:
Pulse Echo Method IP BE F plate del
- Page 1056 and 1057:
5.9.2 Pitch-Catch Methods Advantage
- Page 1058 and 1059:
Pitch-Catch Methods- Through Transm
- Page 1060 and 1061:
5.9.2.2 Pitch-Catch Methods- Tandem
- Page 1062 and 1063:
Distance Between Transmitter / Rece
- Page 1064 and 1065:
5.9.3 Immersion Methods Many of the
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Immersion Methods- Since sound wave
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Modified Immersion Methods- Bubbler
- Page 1070 and 1071:
Angle Beam Immersion Methods Note t
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Angle Beam Immersion Methods- Pipe
- Page 1074 and 1075:
Immersion Testing Set-up
- Page 1076 and 1077:
Manipulators The manipulator is pri
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Bridges When the manipulator is aut
- Page 1080 and 1081:
Immersion Testing Set-up Manipulato
- Page 1082 and 1083:
Immersion Testing Set-up Manipulato
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An unfocused transducer may be used
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Focus may be designated in three wa
- Page 1088 and 1089:
Q: In immersion testing, to remove
- Page 1090 and 1091:
Q2: In an immersion test of a piece
- Page 1092 and 1093:
Q176: To evaluate and accurately lo
- Page 1094 and 1095:
5.10: Scanning Patterns
- Page 1096 and 1097:
5.11: Pulse Repetition Rate and Pen
- Page 1098 and 1099:
Pulse Repetition Rate and Penetrati
- Page 1100 and 1101:
Pulse-Length and Near Surface Sensi
- Page 1102 and 1103:
5.12: Interferences & Non-Relevant
- Page 1104 and 1105:
Specimen Surface Interference Exces
- Page 1106 and 1107:
Specimen Surface Interference- You
- Page 1108 and 1109:
Material Geometric Interference Fal
- Page 1110 and 1111:
Non Relevant Indication Large grain
- Page 1112 and 1113:
Non Relevant Indications The geomet
- Page 1114 and 1115:
Entry surface variables: Surface ro
- Page 1116 and 1117:
Whether uniform or irregular, a rou
- Page 1118 and 1119:
Keywords on Rough Surface: 1. The d
- Page 1120 and 1121:
The coating is sufficiently thin th
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5.13.3 Couplant Condition Both cont
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In more practical terms, for water
- Page 1126 and 1127:
For example the plastics listed in
- Page 1128 and 1129:
Like the decibel, the Neper is a un
- Page 1130 and 1131:
Hence:
- Page 1132 and 1133:
5.14 The Concept of Effective Dista
- Page 1134 and 1135:
Q&A on The Concept of Effective Dis
- Page 1136 and 1137:
Q2: A steel bar with 200 mm thick i
- Page 1138 and 1139:
Q4: Assuming that Minimum 3 pulses
- Page 1140 and 1141:
Q6: What is the maximum PRR is need
- Page 1142 and 1143:
Q7: A steel plate size 6.2 m ×1.8
- Page 1144 and 1145:
5.15: Questions & Answers Exercises
- Page 1146 and 1147:
Compared 6 dB Drop Sizing with Equa
- Page 1148 and 1149:
Q5: Ultrasonic inspection is being
- Page 1152 and 1153:
Break Time mms://a588.l3944020587.c
- Page 1156 and 1157:
Content: Section 6: Selected Applic
- Page 1158 and 1159:
6.1: Defects & Discontinuities
- Page 1160 and 1161:
Flaw Orientation: Parallel / Perpen
- Page 1162 and 1163:
6.1.1 Casting Defects & Discontinui
- Page 1164 and 1165:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1166 and 1167:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities
- Page 1168 and 1169:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities
- Page 1170 and 1171:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1172 and 1173:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1174 and 1175:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1176 and 1177:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1178 and 1179:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1180 and 1181:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1182 and 1183:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1184 and 1185:
Casting Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1186 and 1187:
Processing Defects & Discontinuitie
- Page 1188 and 1189:
Processing Defects & Discontinuitie
- Page 1190 and 1191:
Processing Defects & Discontinuitie
- Page 1192 and 1193:
Processing Defects & Discontinuitie
- Page 1194:
6.1.3 Welding Defects & Discontinui
- Page 1197 and 1198:
Welding Defects & Discontinuities
- Page 1199 and 1200:
Welding Defects & Discontinuities
- Page 1201 and 1202:
Welding Defects & Discontinuities
- Page 1203 and 1204:
Welding Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1205 and 1206:
Welding Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1207 and 1208:
Welding Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1209 and 1210:
Welding Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1211 and 1212:
Welding Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1213 and 1214:
Welding Defects & Discontinuities-
- Page 1215 and 1216:
Service Induced Defects & Discontin
- Page 1217 and 1218:
Figure 4-24 - In a carbon steel sam
- Page 1219 and 1220:
Figure 4-36 - Weld detail used to j
- Page 1221 and 1222:
Figure 4-38 - Failure of DMW joinin
- Page 1223 and 1224:
Figure 4-58 - Cross-sectional view
- Page 1225 and 1226:
Figure 5-2 - Hot Lean Amine Corrosi
- Page 1227 and 1228:
Figure 5-46 - Overhead interstage k
- Page 1229 and 1230:
Figure 5-48 - Metallographic sample
- Page 1231 and 1232:
Longitudinal cracks- Detected by fl
- Page 1233 and 1234:
Rail Inspection One of the major pr
- Page 1235 and 1236:
Transverse Fissure
- Page 1237 and 1238:
Transverse Fissure
- Page 1239 and 1240:
Techniques: Wheel Probe
- Page 1241 and 1242:
Techniques: (c) same with additiona
- Page 1243 and 1244:
6.3.1: UT of Weldments (Welded Join
- Page 1245 and 1246:
UT Calculator
- Page 1247 and 1248:
The second step in the inspection i
- Page 1249 and 1250:
https://www.mandinasndt.com/index.p
- Page 1251 and 1252:
Flaw Detection- Triangulations of r
- Page 1254 and 1255:
6.3.2 Weld Scanning
- Page 1256 and 1257:
Typical Scanning Patterns: Typicall
- Page 1258 and 1259:
Weld Scanning
- Page 1260 and 1261:
Weld Scanning
- Page 1262 and 1263:
Echo Dynamic- Position of Defects S
- Page 1264 and 1265:
Plate Weld Scanning
- Page 1266 and 1267:
Plate Weld Scanning
- Page 1268 and 1269:
Plate Weld Scanning
- Page 1270 and 1271:
Practice Makes Perfect 62. Which of
- Page 1272 and 1273:
Pipe & Tube
- Page 1274 and 1275:
Experts at work
- Page 1276 and 1277:
Pipe Scanning
- Page 1278 and 1279:
Pipe Scanning
- Page 1280 and 1281:
Pipe Scanning- thickness/OD ratio
- Page 1282 and 1283:
Pipe Scanning- Contact Methods
- Page 1284 and 1285:
Pipe Scanning- Contact Methods
- Page 1286 and 1287:
Answer part B c a b a/Sin A = b/Sin
- Page 1288 and 1289:
Q35: Which of the following may res
- Page 1290 and 1291:
Expert at works
- Page 1292 and 1293:
Basic echodynamic pattern of reflec
- Page 1294 and 1295:
C.1 Pattern 1 Point-like reflector
- Page 1296 and 1297:
C.2 Pattern 2 Extended (elongated)
- Page 1298 and 1299:
C.2 Pattern 2 Extended (elongated)
- Page 1300 and 1301:
C.3 Pattern 3a Extended (elongated)
- Page 1302 and 1303:
C.3 Pattern 3a Extended (elongated)
- Page 1304 and 1305:
C.3 Pattern 3b Oblique incidence, t
- Page 1306 and 1307:
C.4 Pattern 4 Multiple reflector re
- Page 1308 and 1309:
C.4 Pattern 4 Multiple reflector re
- Page 1310 and 1311:
Echodynamic- Differences between th
- Page 1312 and 1313:
Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Flaw
- Page 1314 and 1315:
Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Flaw
- Page 1316 and 1317:
Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Impr
- Page 1318 and 1319:
Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Angl
- Page 1320 and 1321:
Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Perf
- Page 1322 and 1323:
Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Vert
- Page 1324 and 1325:
Echo Dynamic of Discontinuity- Tand
- Page 1326 and 1327:
Echo Dynamic
- Page 1328 and 1329:
Echo Dynamic
- Page 1330 and 1331:
Echo Dynamic
- Page 1332 and 1333:
Echo Dynamic Crack
- Page 1334 and 1335:
Echo Dynamic- Shaper indication and
- Page 1336 and 1337:
Echo Dynamic Threadlike defects, po
- Page 1338 and 1339:
Echo Dynamic In case “a” it wil
- Page 1340 and 1341:
Echo Dynamic Typical Echo Dynamic P
- Page 1342 and 1343:
Q. A smooth flat discontinuity whos
- Page 1344 and 1345:
Q24. During inspection of a paralle
- Page 1346 and 1347:
Q50: The reflection amplitude of a
- Page 1348 and 1349:
Crack - Air filled Crack has greate
- Page 1350 and 1351:
Inclusion Macro- Nonmetallic Inclus
- Page 1352 and 1353:
6.6: Technique Sheets
- Page 1354 and 1355:
Hanger Pin Testing using Shear Wave
- Page 1356 and 1357:
Physical Dimension
- Page 1358 and 1359:
Physical Dimension
- Page 1360 and 1361:
Reporting: Scanning Report - Top of
- Page 1362 and 1363:
Mock-Up
- Page 1364 and 1365:
Mock-Up
- Page 1366 and 1367:
Mock-Up
- Page 1368 and 1369:
Hanger Pin Testing using Shear Wave
- Page 1370 and 1371:
Pitch and Catch Methods- Set-up
- Page 1372 and 1373:
6.7: Material Properties- Elastic M
- Page 1374 and 1375:
6.7.2 The attenuation method The at
- Page 1376 and 1377:
6.7.3 Velocity Measurements Velocit
- Page 1378 and 1379:
Elastic Modulus Measurement - Young
- Page 1380 and 1381:
These basic material properties, wh
- Page 1382 and 1383:
Equipment: The velocity measurement
- Page 1384 and 1385:
Testing Procedure: Equipment Used.
- Page 1386 and 1387:
Velocity & Equations Poisson Ratio
- Page 1388 and 1389:
6.8: High Temperature Ultrasonic Te
- Page 1390 and 1391:
1.0 Background: Although most ultra
- Page 1392 and 1393:
Temperature Limitation: Conventiona
- Page 1394 and 1395:
Temperature Limitation: Conventiona
- Page 1396 and 1397:
Temperature Limitation: Conventiona
- Page 1398 and 1399:
敦 煌 大 漠 美 食 - 50 度
- Page 1400 and 1401:
2.0 Methods used for H.Temperature
- Page 1402 and 1403:
For precision thickness gauging app
- Page 1404 and 1405:
(1b) Flaw detection As in high temp
- Page 1406 and 1407:
2.2 High Temperature Couplants Most
- Page 1408 and 1409:
Keyword: Note that normal incidence
- Page 1410 and 1411:
As a general rule, if the outer cas
- Page 1412 and 1413:
2.4 Equipment Functions Freeze Func
- Page 1414 and 1415:
Keyword: ■ ■ Velocity change of
- Page 1416 and 1417:
3.3 Increased Attenuation: Sound at
- Page 1418 and 1419:
3.4 Angular Variation in Wedges: Wi
- Page 1420:
6.9: Dimension-Measurement Applicat
- Page 1424 and 1425:
6.9.2 Thickness measurements are ma
- Page 1426 and 1427:
6.9.3 Position measurements Positio
- Page 1428 and 1429:
Fig. 60 Method of determining corre
- Page 1430 and 1431:
Fig. 61 Setup for determining the p
- Page 1432 and 1433:
6.10: In-Service Inspection
- Page 1434 and 1435:
In-Service Inspection- Testing for
- Page 1436 and 1437:
In-Service Inspection- (a) Crack te
- Page 1438 and 1439:
In-Service Inspection- (a) Testing
- Page 1440 and 1441:
6.11: Casting
- Page 1442 and 1443:
Casting- Typical casting defects an
- Page 1444 and 1445:
Casting- Detection of shrinkage cav
- Page 1446 and 1447:
Inspection of Bonded Joints If the
- Page 1448 and 1449:
Olympus Data on Bond Testing Our co
- Page 1450 and 1451:
The BondMaster 1000e+ allows users
- Page 1452 and 1453:
Bond Testing: OmniScan MX ECA/ECT B
- Page 1454 and 1455:
OmniScan MX ECA/ECT: Eight Frequenc
- Page 1456 and 1457:
Customers who already own an OmniSc
- Page 1458 and 1459:
OmniScan MX ECA/ECT
- Page 1460 and 1461:
Q41: The best type of frequency for
- Page 1462 and 1463:
Corrosion Monitoring Ultrasonic ins
- Page 1464 and 1465:
6.14: Crack Monitoring
- Page 1466 and 1467:
Monitoring of fatigue cracks in par
- Page 1468 and 1469:
For example, 150 mm (6 in.) diam, 8
- Page 1470 and 1471:
Stress Measurements With ultrasonic
- Page 1472 and 1473:
Family Day
- Page 1474 and 1475:
6.App-1.1 TOFD Basic Theory TOFD is
- Page 1476 and 1477:
6.App-1.2 Main Benefits of TOFD for
- Page 1478 and 1479:
6.App-1.3 6.App-1.3.1 The Theory Mo
- Page 1480 and 1481:
TOFD is generally recognised as the
- Page 1482 and 1483:
TOFD Transmitter Receiver Crack Bac
- Page 1484 and 1485:
6.App-1.2 Application Examples ■
- Page 1486 and 1487:
Figure 5-3 - Preferential weld corr
- Page 1488 and 1489:
Weld Root Corrosion and Erosion Pul
- Page 1490 and 1491:
TOFD is deployed by scanning the we
- Page 1492 and 1493:
Scan of weld with cursor positioned
- Page 1494 and 1495:
Measurement of corroded area shows
- Page 1496 and 1497:
6.App-1.3.4 TOFD Benefits for Corro
- Page 1498 and 1499:
6.App-1.3.5 Overview on Scanning Di
- Page 1500 and 1501:
■ Parallel TOFD scanning: Where t
- Page 1502 and 1503:
Typical “Parallel” Weld Scannin
- Page 1504 and 1505:
6.App-1.3.6 Further Reading- Introd
- Page 1506 and 1507:
Break Time mms://a588.l3944020587.c
- Page 1508 and 1509:
Break Time mms://a588.l3944020587.c
- Page 1510 and 1511:
Sail Off
- Page 1512 and 1513:
Content: Section 7: Reference Mater
- Page 1514 and 1515:
7.2: General References & Resources
- Page 1516:
Calibrating 70° Probe with IIW Blo
- Page 1521 and 1522:
Content: Section 8: Ultrasonic Insp
- Page 1523 and 1524:
Ultrasonic Inspection Quizzes
- Page 1525 and 1526:
8.2: Online UT Quizzes
- Page 1527 and 1528:
http://www.ndtcalc.com/index.php?pa
- Page 1533:
Addendum-01a Equipment Calibrations
- Page 1536 and 1537:
Attenuation due to Beam spread for:
- Page 1538 and 1539:
Attenuation Due to Beam Spread: Sma
- Page 1540 and 1541:
Material Attenuation Determination:
- Page 1542 and 1543:
Δ dB = total Material attenuation
- Page 1544 and 1545:
Construction of beam edges plot- No
- Page 1546 and 1547:
20dB drop to find edges of beam
- Page 1548 and 1549:
Construction of beam spread at 13mm
- Page 1550 and 1551:
Construction of beam spread at 32mm
- Page 1552 and 1553:
Perspex as Matching Layer/Wedge Tun
- Page 1554 and 1555:
First/ Second Critical Angles V L1
- Page 1556 and 1557:
Finding the probe index
- Page 1558 and 1559:
Checking the probe Angle:
- Page 1560 and 1561:
Calibration for range:
- Page 1562 and 1563:
Angle Beam- Beam edges Proving (Ver
- Page 1564 and 1565:
The IOW Block: The Institute of Wel
- Page 1566 and 1567:
Angle Beam- Beam edges Proving (Hor
- Page 1568 and 1569:
Angle Beam- Beam edges Proving (Hor
- Page 1570 and 1571:
Angle Beam- Beam edges Proving (Hor
- Page 1572 and 1573:
The DAC
- Page 1574 and 1575:
DAC Curve
- Page 1576 and 1577:
FLAT Bottom Holes FBH
- Page 1578 and 1579:
Reading on: FLAT Bottom Holes FBH h
- Page 1580 and 1581:
Transfer Corection
- Page 1582 and 1583:
Transfer Correction: Reference surf
- Page 1584 and 1585:
Transfer Correction:
- Page 1586 and 1587:
Transfer Correction: Compression Pr
- Page 1588 and 1589:
DGS- Distance Gain Size http://www.
- Page 1590 and 1591:
DGS is a primarily mathematical tec
- Page 1592 and 1593:
(Curve #2) represent the relative a
- Page 1594 and 1595:
(Curve #2) represent the relative a
- Page 1596 and 1597:
DGS- Different sizes of FBH at diff
- Page 1598 and 1599:
What is DGS TCG is a time-corrected
- Page 1600 and 1601:
Locating & Sizing Flaws
- Page 1602 and 1603:
With ultrasonic instruments having
- Page 1604 and 1605:
Scanning Patterns
- Page 1606 and 1607:
Scanning Patterns
- Page 1608 and 1609:
Scanning Patterns
- Page 1610 and 1611:
Scanning Patterns
- Page 1612 and 1613:
Scanning Patterns
- Page 1614 and 1615:
Scanning Patterns
- Page 1616 and 1617:
Scanning Patterns
- Page 1622 and 1623:
Scanning Patterns http://www.olympu
- Page 1624 and 1625:
Practice Makes Perfect 35. The 2 mm
- Page 1626 and 1627:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation
- Page 1628 and 1629:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Transmit
- Page 1630 and 1631:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Applied
- Page 1632 and 1633:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Switch t
- Page 1634 and 1635:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation CLOCK GE
- Page 1636 and 1637:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Sensitiv
- Page 1638 and 1639:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Transduc
- Page 1640 and 1641:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation The Rece
- Page 1642 and 1643:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Radio-Fr
- Page 1644 and 1645:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation The Imag
- Page 1646 and 1647:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Excess G
- Page 1648 and 1649:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Time Gai
- Page 1650 and 1651:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation KNEE MAX
- Page 1652 and 1653:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation KNEE Gai
- Page 1654 and 1655:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Slide Po
- Page 1656 and 1657:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Types of
- Page 1658 and 1659:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Receiver
- Page 1660 and 1661:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Large ra
- Page 1662 and 1663:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Linear a
- Page 1664 and 1665:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Gain A L
- Page 1666 and 1667:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Pre-ampl
- Page 1668 and 1669:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Saturati
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Pulse-Echo Instrumentation DEMODULA
- Page 1672 and 1673:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Half-Wav
- Page 1674 and 1675:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation DETECTIO
- Page 1676 and 1677:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation The vide
- Page 1678 and 1679:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation All Scan
- Page 1680 and 1681:
Matrix Rows x, coordinates
- Page 1682 and 1683:
Matrix Pixel
- Page 1684:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation In the S
- Page 1688 and 1689:
X X X X X X X X X X X X
- Page 1690 and 1691:
Raster Process 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
- Page 1692 and 1693:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation The numb
- Page 1694 and 1695:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Bit 1 2
- Page 1696 and 1697:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Operator
- Page 1698 and 1699:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation POST PRO
- Page 1700 and 1701:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation The DSC
- Page 1702 and 1703:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation Resoluti
- Page 1704 and 1705:
Pulse-Echo Instrumentation 1. ROM 2
- Page 1706 and 1707:
66. In Figure 3, transducer C is be
- Page 1708 and 1709:
69. In Figure 4, transducer B is be
- Page 1710 and 1711:
Q: The output voltage from a satura
- Page 1712:
Addendum-02 Equations & Calculation
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Contents: 1. Material Acoustic Prop
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2.0 Ultrasonic Formula http://www.n
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Ultrasonic Formula α = Transducer
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4.0 The Speed of Sound Hooke's Law,
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V is the speed of sound Eleatic con
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E/N/G
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Spreading/ Scattering/ adsorption (
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Amplitude at distance Z Where v is
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Which U t ? U 0 t , A 0 o U 1 t , A
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The following applet can be used to
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Reflection and Transmission Coeffic
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If reflection and transmission at i
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Q1: What is the percentage of initi
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8.0 Snell’s Law Snell's Law holds
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Practice Makes Perfect 5. For an ul
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Practice Makes Perfect 9. Calculate
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9.0 S/N Ratio The following formula
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Sound Volume: Area x pulse length
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where α is the radius of the trans
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Example: Calculate the modified Nea
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11.0 Focusing & Focal Length http:/
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12.0 Offset of Normal probe above c
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13.0 “Q” Factor 3dB down
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Inverse Square Law http://www.cyber
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DGS Distance Gain Sizing Y-axis sho
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The blue curves plotted show how th
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20-4dB=16dB (deduced) Δ Flaw =30-1
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http://www.olympus-ims.com/en/atlas
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DGS is a primarily mathematical tec
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Figure1:
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15.0 Pulse Repetitive Frequency/Rat
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Q4-12 Answer: First calculate the p
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Addendum-03 Questions & Answers I C
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Make mistakes now, not during exam!
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30. On an A-scan display the dead z
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31. As the acoustic impedance ratio
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15. Which type of test block is use
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Mistake Made ----------------------
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Question: Which type of screen pres
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Table 1.2
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Q1-13 The second critical angle at
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For evaluating material properties
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Q1-22 The beam spread half angle I
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Q2-12 An angle beam produce a 45°
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Q2-17 A change in echo amplitude fr
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Q2-19 What is the rate of attenuati
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Q2-11 A change in 16dB on the atten
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Q3-7 The half angle beam spread of
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Monkey made mistake too!
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Smart Himba Girl do not made mistak
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Smart Himba Girl do not made mistak
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Q3-8 Answer: The next SDH used will
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Q3-13 During examination, an indica
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Q3-15 In contact testing, the back
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Q4-13 Answer: PRR = number of pulse
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Q4-16
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Q4-17 Illustrations Complete loop=4
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8. When testing a 30 mm diameter, 5
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Q5-20 Answer: None of above
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Q5-22 Table B-1
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38. The angle of a refracted shear
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48. A more highly damped transducer
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47. When a vertical indication has
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63. The purpose of the couplant is
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Immersion Testing Method
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Standards Answer: B
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Standards Answer: A (or C?)
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Standards Answer: C
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Standards Answer: C
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Standards Answer: A?
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Arrows shown standard correct answe
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Arrows shown standard correct answe
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Arrows shown standard correct answe
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Arrows shown standard correct answe
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Arrows shown standard correct answe
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Take a break mms://a588.l3944020587
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Arrows shown standard correct answe
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Practices Make Perfect
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Click to Q&A http://www.ndtcalc.com
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Ultrasonic Formula
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Inverse Square Law http://www.cyber
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Echo Amplitude- Reflector Size “D
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Scanning Speed: Scanner speed = (PR
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Expert at Works
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Content: Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Expe
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Practices Make Perfect
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Click to Q&A http://www.ndtcalc.com
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2.0: Ultrasound Formula http://www.
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Ultrasonic Formula
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Inverse Square Law http://www.cyber
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Echo Amplitude- Reflector Size “D
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Scanning Speed: Scanner speed = (PR
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Offshore Lifts
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Top Scorer
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Exercises Studyblue-01
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3. The only significant sound wave
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7. The simple experiment where a st
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11. The differences in signals rece
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15. Which of the following may resu
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19. When examining materials for pl
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21. Rayleigh waves are influenced m
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25. Which of the following scanning
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29. At an interface between two dif
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33. In the immersion technique, the
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37. On an A-scan display, what repr
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41. A 152 mm (6 in) diameter rod is
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Immersion Testing Bridge Manipulato
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45. Which best describes a typical
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49. During a straight beam ultrason
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53. A smooth flat discontinuity who
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57. The angle at which 90 degrees r
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61. Large gains in a metallic test
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65. In Figure 3, transducer A is be
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69. In Figure 4, transducer B is be
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72. If you were requested to design
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76. The electronic circuitry that a
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80. The angle formed by an ultrason
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83. A grouping of a number of cryst
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85. The angular position of the ref
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89. The change in direction of an u
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93. In general, shear waves are mor
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97. The speed with which ultrasonic
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Barbecue Lamb
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103. If ultrasonic wave is transmit
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107. When inspecting a rolled or fo
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111. During immersion testing of an
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115. One of the most common applica
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119. At a water-steel interface the
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123. In a basic pulse echo ultrason
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127. The instrument displays a plan
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131. The motion of particles in a s
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135. As frequency increases in ultr
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139. The velocity of longitudinal w
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143. A diagram in which the entire
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147. The expansion and contraction
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151. A quartz crystal cut so that i
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153. When an ultrasonic beam reache
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157. The most common used method of
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161. Acoustic velocities of materia
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165. The resolving power of a trans
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169. Because the velocity of sound
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173. In an A-scan presentation, the
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Fiesta
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Choices
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179. Low frequency sound waves are
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Frequency = 5 MHZ, Wavelength λ =
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181. In immersion testing, the acce
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183. In immersion testing, irreleva
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187. The property of certain materi
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191. The lack of parallelism betwee
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195. Reducing the extent of the dea
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199. Attenuation is the loss of the
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203. The most commonly used method
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Chicken & Squid Satay Treats
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1. The wave mode that has multiple
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Addendum-04C Questions & Answers- I
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Production Island
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At works
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Assorted Exercises
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Q23. Propagation of ultrasonic wave
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Q30. The sum of reflection & transm
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Practice 2: Source: Lavender Intern
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Q3. On a scan display the dead zone
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Q7. In which zone does the amplitud
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Q11. Of an A-scan display what repr
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Q15. The ratio of the velocity of s
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19. The total energy losses occurri
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Other Sources
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Q47: A major (!) limitation of usin
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