SUbstance flow analysis of the recycling of small waste electrical ...

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52 Substance flow analysis of the recycling of small WEEE In the model illustrated in Figure 9, five collection channels were differentiated according to the organisation responsible for the collection operations. Besides collective municipal collection and individual producer and retailer collection, sWEEE can be collected by the informal sector (waste pickers). Other initiatives like charity and small-scale pilot projects aiming at collecting sWEEE are classified as “Others”. The non-separated collection of WEEE, e.g. the disposal together with residual waste, is a reality both in the USA and in Germany, even though it is explicitly forbidden by the German legislation. Regarding treatment of sWEEE, it was differentiated between treatment carried out by the formal and by the informal sector, which includes the illegal export (Figure 9). The flows of sWEEE directed to reuse are considered in the model. The arrows RF, FR, IR and RI depict the flows of materials going from reuse to formal or informal treatment and vice versa. Materials going from reuse to treatment are for example damaged displays replaced by new ones during refurbishing, so that the damaged displays have to be treated. WEEE sorted for reuse out of the input of a treatment facility belongs to the materials going from treatment to reuse (arrows RF and RI). Flows between the formal and the informal treatment are neglected. The applied collection, reuse and treatment processes result in the precious metals contained in WEEE being recovered, reused or discarded. Figure 9 Model of the processes and material flows in the management system for sWEEE
3. Method 53 Because many data on collection flows are not differentiated according to the collection channels, especially in the USA, the results are presented in a simplified form, where the flows of collected sWEEE are aggregated into one single flow (arrow C in Figure 10). The flows of sWEEE to reuse were assumed to come directly from collection, so that the flows from treatment to reuse (arrows IR and FR) are neglected. Figure 10 Simplified model of the material flows in the management system for sWEEE 3.3. Data gathering The quantification of the material and substance flows related to the management of sWEEE requires a large amount of data. Table 9 presents an overview of the data needed to conduct the substance flow analysis.
Page 1: ITU-Schriftenreihe, 2010 Institut f
Page 4 and 5: Bibliografische Information Der Deu
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements Here I would like
Page 9 and 10: Kurzfassung Die Nachfrage nach Edel
Page 11 and 12: Composition of the doctoral thesis
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Page 19 and 20: List of abbreviations Ag Au BAT CE
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Page 59 and 60: 3. Method 59 1. The visible hazardo
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Page 67 and 68: 4. Data inventory 67 The following
Page 69 and 70: 4. Data inventory 69 average weight
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Page 77 and 78: 4. Data inventory 77 Table 26 Quant
Page 79 and 80: 4. Data inventory 79 The variation
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6. Discussion of the results of the
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7. Recommendations 109 7. Recommend
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7. Recommendations 111 WEEE contai
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7. Recommendations 113 After collec
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7. Recommendations 115 in the case
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7. Recommendations 117 In many case
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7. Recommendations 119 manufacturer
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7. Recommendations 121 the manufact
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7. Recommendations 123 Reuter et al
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8. Conclusion 125 All the equipment
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References 127 Binder 2007 BITKOM 2
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References 129 CIWMB 2004b Clift &
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References 131 Greenpeace 2005 Gree
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References 133 Janz & Bilitewski 20
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References 135 Melissen 2006 Mesker
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References 137 Rhein et al. 2008 Rh
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References 139 StEP 2009 Stevels 20
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References 141 Veldhuizen & Sippel
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References 143 Legislative texts Ba
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Appendices 145 Appendix 1 Equipment
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Appendices 147 Appendix 2 Average c
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Appendices 149 Appendix 4 Past and
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Appendices 151 Eq. group Equipment
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Appendices 153 2 Assumptions based
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Appendices 159 Appendix 8 Flows of
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Appendices 161 Appendix 10 Flows of
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