SUbstance flow analysis of the recycling of small waste electrical ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

94 Substance flow analysis of the recycling of small WEEE Figure 26 Total flows of gold and palladium contained in sWEEE in Germany in 2007 1 In the USA, around 74% of the gold and the palladium contained in the 3.1 to 4.3 million tonnes of sWEEE generated in 2007 were discarded. The generation per capita amounted to 10 to 15 kg in 2007. The overall collection rate for sWEEE is much lower than in Germany. Around 30% of the generated sWEEE was collected. The 18 to 28 tonnes of gold and the 6.4 to 9.6 tonnes of palladium discarded in 2007 had a value of 466 to 714 million US-dollars. Figure 27 Total flows of gold and palladium contained in sWEEE in the USA in 2007 1 Table 34 summarizes the indicators calculated on the basis of the mass flows determined by the SFA. In Germany, the collection rates are much higher (around 77% of the generated sWEEE is collected) than in the USA (around 30%). In contrast, in the USA 6% of the generated sWEEE is reused, whereas in Germany the reuse rate amounts to 3%. As shown by Table 24, a majority of the WEEE reused in Germany (around 70%) is managed by the informal sector. In total, it was estimated that around 64% of the generated sWEEE is treated by the formal sector in Germany. This indicator in the USA reveals that “only” 13% of the generated sWEEE is fed into a formal treatment process. Despite these differences, the discarding rates for gold and palladium are comparable in Germany and in the USA (around
5. Quantification of the flows of gold and palladium 95 72% versus around 75%). Here it must be noted that the absolute quantities of precious metals discarded are much higher in the USA than in Germany. Table 34 Indicators on collection, reuse and treatment of sWEEE and on recovery and discard of gold and palladium associated with sWEEE in Germany and in the USA (without uncertainties – the uncertainties can be found in Appendix 10) Country Equipment group Germany Mobile telephone USA Collection rate Reuse rate Treatment rate Recovery rate Discarding rate Formal Informal Au Pd Au Pd 18% 5% 12% 1% 7% 7% 88% 88% Desktop PC 76% 7% 62% 7% 37% 36% 56% 57% CRT monitor 99% 3% 76% 20% 47% 44% 51% 53% Large highgrade eq. Small highgrade eq. 92% 4% 81% 7% 33% 32% 64% 65% 54% 1% 49% 3% 20% 19% 79% 80% Low-grade eq. 60% 3% 52% 5% 15% 15% 82% 83% All groups 77% 3% 64% 10% 24% 23% 72% 73% Mobile telephone 11% 4% 5% 1% 4% 4% 92% 92% Desktop PC 54% 15% 30% 7% 24% 23% 61% 62% CRT monitor 40% 6% 14% 20% 11% 8% 83% 86% Large highgrade eq. Small highgrade eq. 59% 17% 32% 8% 17% 16% 66% 67% 22% 0% 17% 4% 9% 8% 91% 91% Low-grade eq. 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100% All groups 30% 6% 13% 10% 15% 14% 75% 75% A more specific analysis of the losses of precious metals and their causes is provided in Figure 28 and Figure 29. The amounts of precious metals vary considerably according to the equipment groups. In Germany, the largest part of the losses is caused by the management of end-of-life mobile phones, large high-grade and low-grade equipment. In the USA, a very large amount of gold associated with personal computers is discarded. The figures show that for mobile phones and low-grade equipment in Germany and for all equipment groups in the USA, the losses of gold are due to non-separated collection of sWEEE. Other losses are caused by the treatment processes applied by the formal and by the informal sector. The treatment losses are especially high for large high-grade equipment in Germany.
Page 1:
ITU-Schriftenreihe, 2010 Institut f
Page 4 and 5:
Bibliografische Information Der Deu
Page 7 and 8:
Acknowledgements Here I would like
Page 9 and 10:
Kurzfassung Die Nachfrage nach Edel
Page 11 and 12:
Composition of the doctoral thesis
Page 13 and 14:
4.1.1. Generation .................
Page 15 and 16:
Figure 25 Flows of gold and palladi
Page 17 and 18:
Table 26 Quantity of sWEEE (includi
Page 19 and 20:
List of abbreviations Ag Au BAT CE
Page 21 and 22:
1. Introduction and objectives of t
Page 23 and 24:
2. Background and definitions 23 Du
Page 25 and 26:
2. Background and definitions 25 an
Page 27 and 28:
2. Background and definitions 27 2.
Page 29 and 30:
2. Background and definitions 29 pu
Page 31 and 32:
2. Background and definitions 31 Ta
Page 33 and 34:
2. Background and definitions 33 Fi
Page 35 and 36:
2. Background and definitions 35 2.
Page 37 and 38:
2. Background and definitions 37 Th
Page 39 and 40:
2. Background and definitions 39 tr
Page 41 and 42:
2. Background and definitions 41 ha
Page 43 and 44: 2. Background and definitions 43 co
Page 45 and 46: 2. Background and definitions 45 th
Page 47 and 48: 2. Background and definitions 47 Re
Page 49 and 50: 2. Background and definitions 49 So
Page 51 and 52: 3. Method 51 Table 8 Groups of equi
Page 53 and 54: 3. Method 53 Because many data on c
Page 55 and 56: 3. Method 55 Equipment group Equipm
Page 57 and 58: 3. Method 57 3.3.2. Data on materia
Page 59 and 60: 3. Method 59 1. The visible hazardo
Page 61 and 62: 3. Method 61 uncertainties were ent
Page 63 and 64: 4. Data inventory 63 4. Data invent
Page 65 and 66: 4. Data inventory 65 Table 11 shows
Page 67 and 68: 4. Data inventory 67 The following
Page 69 and 70: 4. Data inventory 69 average weight
Page 71 and 72: 4. Data inventory 71 Collection cha
Page 73 and 74: 4. Data inventory 73 Table 20 Repar
Page 75 and 76: 4. Data inventory 75 was applied to
Page 77 and 78: 4. Data inventory 77 Table 26 Quant
Page 79 and 80: 4. Data inventory 79 The variation
Page 81 and 82: 4. Data inventory 81 Due to the lim
Page 83 and 84: 4. Data inventory 83 apparent gold.
Page 85 and 86: 4. Data inventory 85 Table 33 Avera
Page 87 and 88: 5. Quantification of the flows of g
Page 93: 5. Quantification of the flows of g
Page 99 and 100: 6. Discussion of the results of the
Page 109 and 110: 7. Recommendations 109 7. Recommend
Page 111 and 112: 7. Recommendations 111 WEEE contai
Page 113 and 114: 7. Recommendations 113 After collec
Page 115 and 116: 7. Recommendations 115 in the case
Page 117 and 118: 7. Recommendations 117 In many case
Page 119 and 120: 7. Recommendations 119 manufacturer
Page 121 and 122: 7. Recommendations 121 the manufact
Page 123 and 124: 7. Recommendations 123 Reuter et al
Page 125 and 126: 8. Conclusion 125 All the equipment
Page 127 and 128: References 127 Binder 2007 BITKOM 2
Page 129 and 130: References 129 CIWMB 2004b Clift &
Page 131 and 132: References 131 Greenpeace 2005 Gree
Page 133 and 134: References 133 Janz & Bilitewski 20
Page 135 and 136: References 135 Melissen 2006 Mesker
Page 137 and 138: References 137 Rhein et al. 2008 Rh
Page 139 and 140: References 139 StEP 2009 Stevels 20
Page 141 and 142: References 141 Veldhuizen & Sippel
Page 143 and 144: References 143 Legislative texts Ba
Page 145 and 146:
Appendices 145 Appendix 1 Equipment
Page 147 and 148:
Appendices 147 Appendix 2 Average c
Page 149 and 150:
Appendices 149 Appendix 4 Past and
Page 151 and 152:
Appendices 151 Eq. group Equipment
Page 153 and 154:
Appendices 153 2 Assumptions based
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Appendices 159 Appendix 8 Flows of
Page 161 and 162:
Appendices 161 Appendix 10 Flows of
show all

SUbstance flow analysis of the recycling of small waste electrical ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?