SUbstance flow analysis of the recycling of small waste electrical ...

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68 Substance flow analysis of the recycling of small WEEE 4.1.2. Collection The data on collected sWEEE is supplied by the operators of collecting facilities. Beside separately collected sWEEE, sWEEE is often disposed of together with residual waste. This material flow was quantified using the results of sorting analyses of residual waste in Germany and in the USA. 4.1.2.1. Collection in Germany Every year in Germany, the producers have to report the quantity of WEEE collected from public waste management and from individual or collective take-back systems (according to Section 13 (1) of ElektroG). The data supplied by the producers are compiled by the clearing house EAR and made available by the German Federal Environment Ministry (BMU 2008). BMU (2008) reported that 287 000 tonnes of sWEEE were collected in Germany in 2007 (Table 15). Some assumptions were made on the distribution of the collected waste over the equipment groups defined in this thesis. The assumptions are based on unpublished sorting analyses of containers of WEEE, on observations at pre-processing facilities and on data from the literature. Rauch (2008) showed that 25.1% by mass of toys (category 7) collected by the municipality in Berlin belong to IT electronics (for example children laptops), and 26.1% are large and small video game consoles. Table 15 summarizes the distribution of the collected sWEEE over the equipment groups. Table 15 Quantity of sWEEE collected under the responsibility of the equipment manufacturers in Germany in 2007 and assumed distribution over the equipment groups (in tonnes) Category according to WEEE Directive 2- Small HH 3- IT and telecom. 4- CE 6- Tools 7- Toys, leisure, sports Total Total collected (BMU 2008) 47 932 109 680 114 219 11 662 3 542 287 035 Mobile telephone 0 110 0 0 0 110 Desktop personal computer 0 8 774 0 0 0 8 774 CRT monitor 0 82 260 45 688 0 0 127 948 Large high-grade equipment 0 16 452 22 844 0 1 417 40 713 Small high-grade equipment 0 110 228 0 354 692 Low-grade equipment 47 932 1 974 45 459 11 662 1 771 108 798 The company Greener Solutions (2008) reported that they collected 450 000 mobile phones in 2007 on behalf of manufacturers of mobile phones. Assuming that additional 100 000 mobile phones were collected by other manufacturers and retailers and assuming an
4. Data inventory 69 average weight of 197 grams 1 per end-of-life mobile phone (Paper 1), in total around 108 tonnes of end-of-life mobile phones were collected by the manufacturers and retailers. These 108 tonnes are assumed to be collected in addition to the 110 tonnes of mobile phones presented in Table 15. German public waste management authorities may choose not to make all WEEE of a specific collection group available to the producers, according to section 9 (6) of ElektroG. This collected WEEE is not taken into account in the official reporting on collection of WEEE of BMU (2008). Theusner (2008), representing the clearing house EAR, published data on the number of containers for which the public waste management authorities used the option offered by Section 9 (6) of ElektroG. Based on this data and on the average weight of a container of WEEE, which depends on the collection group considered, the mass of WEEE treated under the responsibility of the municipalities in 2007 was estimated (Table 16). The municipalities use section 9 (6) of ElektroG above all for large household equipment (containers of collection group 1). Janz et al. (2009b) mentioned that the municipalities sometimes treat WEEE without reporting it to the EAR. For this reason, the quantities presented in Table 16 could be too low. Table 16 Quantity of WEEE treated under the responsibility of the municipal waste management authorities in Germany in 2007 Collection group Number of containers treated by the municipalities Average container mass in tonnes (Bilitewski et al. 2008) Mass of WEEE in tonnes treated by the municipalities 1 4 320 4.5 19 440 2 36 2.4 86 3 449 4.2 1 886 4 44 1 44 5 1 336 6.5 8 684 Total 30 140 The composition of the collection groups 3 (grouping the categories 3 and 4 according to the WEEE Directive ) and 5 (categories 2, 6 and 7, the categories 8 and 9 are neglected) in terms of equipment groups was calculated based on the same assumptions as the assumptions that led to the results presented in Table 15. Table 17 shows that public waste 1 Modern mobile phones have a weight lower that 197 grams; however, the market for smartphones, which can be considered as mobile phones and are usually heavier, is expanding. The assumption on average weight of a mobile phone influences largely the results of the substance flow analysis.
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ITU-Schriftenreihe, 2010 Institut f
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Bibliografische Information Der Deu
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Acknowledgements Here I would like
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Kurzfassung Die Nachfrage nach Edel
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Composition of the doctoral thesis
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4.1.1. Generation .................
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Figure 25 Flows of gold and palladi
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7. Recommendations 119 manufacturer
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7. Recommendations 121 the manufact
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7. Recommendations 123 Reuter et al
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8. Conclusion 125 All the equipment
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References 127 Binder 2007 BITKOM 2
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References 129 CIWMB 2004b Clift &
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References 131 Greenpeace 2005 Gree
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References 133 Janz & Bilitewski 20
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References 135 Melissen 2006 Mesker
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References 137 Rhein et al. 2008 Rh
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References 139 StEP 2009 Stevels 20
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References 141 Veldhuizen & Sippel
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References 143 Legislative texts Ba
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Appendices 145 Appendix 1 Equipment
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Appendices 147 Appendix 2 Average c
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Appendices 149 Appendix 4 Past and
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Appendices 151 Eq. group Equipment
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Appendices 153 2 Assumptions based
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Appendices 159 Appendix 8 Flows of
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Appendices 161 Appendix 10 Flows of
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