SUbstance flow analysis of the recycling of small waste electrical ...

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72 Substance flow analysis of the recycling of small WEEE corresponds to around half the mobile phones collected in the country (ReCellular 2008). This estimate matches the results of the US Environmental Protection Agency, which reports that 1 720 tonnes of mobile phones were collected in the USA in 2007 (US EPA 2008). According to ReCellular, the events aiming at collecting larger appliances like computers and monitors do not collect significant numbers of end-of-life mobile phones. Table 19 summarises the quantities of WEEE collected in the USA in 2007. Assumptions augmented the available data. The uncertainties were assumed to be higher than the uncertainties for the quantities of WEEE collected in Germany, i.e. the variation coefficient was assumed to amount to 20%. Table 19 Quantity of sWEEE collected in the USA in 2007 and distribution over the equipment groups (tonnes) Collected sWEEE in tonnes Mobile telephone 1 700 Desktop personal computer 220 000 CRT monitor 600 000 1 Large high-grade equipment 300 000 Small high-grade equipment 5 000 Low-grade equipment 10 000 Total 1 136 700 1 mainly computer CRT monitors from businesses and institutions 4.1.2.3. Non-separately collected sWEEE In Germany, Rotter & Janz (2006) found during five waste sorting analyses in Saxony in 2004/2005 that 0.8% of residual waste is sWEEE. The sorting analyses of residual waste were repeated periodically and their results show that the implementation of the ElektroG did not significantly affect the quantity and the characteristics of the WEEE found in residual waste (Janz & Bilitewski 2007). According to Janz & Bilitewski (2007), the fraction of around 1% of sWEEE in residual waste is realistic for the majority of the German municipalities. This is also confirmed by the sorting analyses of Seddigh et al. (1996), conducted in 1994/1995 in several German cities. In 2007, 13 912 000 tonnes of residual waste were collected (Destatis 2007), so that under this assumption around 111 300 tonnes of sWEEE ended up in the residual waste in 2007. Janz (2006) classified the devices found in residual waste by type. Table 20 shows the results of the sorting analysis aggregated according to the equipment groups defined in this thesis and the estimate of the mass of sWEEE disposed of together with residual waste in 2007. The variation coefficient is assumed to depend on the equipment groups.
4. Data inventory 73 Table 20 Repartition of the sWEEE contained in residual waste in Germany according to the equipment groups defined in Table 8 Group Mass fraction in residual waste (Janz 2006) Mass of sWEEE in residual waste in 2007 (tonnes) Variation coefficient Mobile telephone 0.9% 979 20% Desktop personal computer * 2.7% 3 013 20% CRT monitor 1.3% 1 487 20% Large high-grade equipment 3.5% 3 918 20% Small high-grade equipment 0.6% 631 20% Low-grade equipment 81.5% 90 690 10% Others 9.5% 10 578 Total 100% 111 296 * including separate drives, power supplies and hard disk drives Concerning the disposal of sWEEE together with municipal solid waste in the USA, the following data were published: In 2007, approximately 230 million tonnes (254 million short tons) of municipal solid waste were generated in the USA (US EPA 2007b). If, like in Germany, around 1% of the municipal solid waste is sWEEE, that means that around 2.3 million tonnes of sWEEE were disposed of. Consumer electronics disposed of in the municipal waste stream in the USA were estimated by the IAER (2006) to approach 2.7 million metric tonnes (3 million short tons) annually. USGS (2001) estimated that more than 122 400 metric tonnes of personal computers, workstations, and mainframes were being added to landfills in 2001. The US EPA (2008) analysed the data from six sorting analyses of residual waste (Table 21) and estimated that around 1.67 million tonnes of computer-related electronics and CRT monitors were disposed of in 2007. The sWEEE was not defined and classified in a homogeneous way in the six studies, which complicates the extrapolation of the quantity of WEEE in residual waste to the national level. The US EPA (2008) solved this problem by calculating the average sWEEE in residual waste per capita multiplied by the number of inhabitants in the USA.
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ITU-Schriftenreihe, 2010 Institut f
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Bibliografische Information Der Deu
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Acknowledgements Here I would like
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Kurzfassung Die Nachfrage nach Edel
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Composition of the doctoral thesis
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4.1.1. Generation .................
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Table 26 Quantity of sWEEE (includi
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7. Recommendations 123 Reuter et al
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8. Conclusion 125 All the equipment
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References 127 Binder 2007 BITKOM 2
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References 129 CIWMB 2004b Clift &
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References 131 Greenpeace 2005 Gree
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References 133 Janz & Bilitewski 20
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References 135 Melissen 2006 Mesker
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References 137 Rhein et al. 2008 Rh
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References 139 StEP 2009 Stevels 20
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References 141 Veldhuizen & Sippel
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References 143 Legislative texts Ba
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Appendices 145 Appendix 1 Equipment
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Appendices 147 Appendix 2 Average c
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Appendices 149 Appendix 4 Past and
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Appendices 151 Eq. group Equipment
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Appendices 153 2 Assumptions based
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Appendices 159 Appendix 8 Flows of
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Appendices 161 Appendix 10 Flows of
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