SUbstance flow analysis of the recycling of small waste electrical ...

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88 Substance flow analysis of the recycling of small WEEE consists of loose drives and components of PCs. No entire desktop personal computer was found in residual waste during the sorting analyses. Around 62% of the generated PCs were treated by the formal sector. In total, between 120 and 180 kg of gold was recovered, which corresponds to around 37% of the gold contained in the generated computers. The losses of gold amounted in 2007 to 180 to 270 kg, which in 2007 had a value of 3.9 to 5.9 million US-dollars. Between 76 and 115 kg of palladium were lost. Figure 16 illustrates the flows of end-of-life computers and of gold and palladium associated with them in Germany in 2007. Figure 16 Flows of gold and palladium contained in end-of-life desktop personal computers in Germany in 2007 1 The flows in the USA are illustrated in Figure 17. The generation of end-of-life desktop computers is much higher than in Germany and amounted in 2007 almost 400 000 tonnes. Around half of this WEEE (54%) was collected. The reuse rate amounts to around 15%. Almost 30% of the generated computers were treated by the formal sector. According to the assumptions, around 7% of the end-of-life computers were treated informally, which mainly means that they were exported for treatment in developing countries. In total, less than a quarter of the gold and of the palladium contained in the generated computers was recovered (around 23%). The losses of gold had a value of 110 to 215 million US-dollars, and the losses of palladium were worth 25 to 48 million US-dollars.
5. Quantification of the flows of gold and palladium 89 Figure 17 Flows of gold and palladium contained in desktop personal computers in the USA in 2007 1 5.3. Cathode-ray tube monitors In Germany, the 119 000 to 154 000 tonnes of CRT monitors (TV sets and computer monitors) generated in 2007 contained between 68 and 100 kg of gold and between 32 and 47 kg of palladium (Figure 18). Around 99% of these appliances were collected. According to the assumptions used in this thesis, around three-quarters of the monitors were treated by the formal sector. In total, around 45% of the precious metals were recovered. The losses are mainly due to inappropriate treatment by the formal and the informal sector. They amount to 33 to 52 kg of gold and 16 to 26 kg of palladium. Figure 18 Flows of gold and palladium contained in end-of-life cathode-ray tube monitors in Germany in 2007 1 In the USA, the generation of end-of-life CRT monitors amounted to around 1.5 million tonnes (Figure 19). Around 60% of this sWEEE was disposed of. Around 14% was treated by the formal sector, and 20% was exported and treated by the informal sector. The
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ITU-Schriftenreihe, 2010 Institut f
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Bibliografische Information Der Deu
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Acknowledgements Here I would like
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Kurzfassung Die Nachfrage nach Edel
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Composition of the doctoral thesis
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4.1.1. Generation .................
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Figure 25 Flows of gold and palladi
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Table 26 Quantity of sWEEE (includi
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List of abbreviations Ag Au BAT CE
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1. Introduction and objectives of t
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2. Background and definitions 35 2.
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Page 51 and 52: 3. Method 51 Table 8 Groups of equi
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Page 69 and 70: 4. Data inventory 69 average weight
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Page 77 and 78: 4. Data inventory 77 Table 26 Quant
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Page 121 and 122: 7. Recommendations 121 the manufact
Page 123 and 124: 7. Recommendations 123 Reuter et al
Page 125 and 126: 8. Conclusion 125 All the equipment
Page 127 and 128: References 127 Binder 2007 BITKOM 2
Page 129 and 130: References 129 CIWMB 2004b Clift &
Page 131 and 132: References 131 Greenpeace 2005 Gree
Page 133 and 134: References 133 Janz & Bilitewski 20
Page 135 and 136: References 135 Melissen 2006 Mesker
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References 139 StEP 2009 Stevels 20
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References 141 Veldhuizen & Sippel
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References 143 Legislative texts Ba
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Appendices 145 Appendix 1 Equipment
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Appendices 147 Appendix 2 Average c
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Appendices 149 Appendix 4 Past and
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Appendices 151 Eq. group Equipment
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Appendices 153 2 Assumptions based
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Appendices 159 Appendix 8 Flows of
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Appendices 161 Appendix 10 Flows of
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