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86 Substance flow analysis of the recycling of small WEEE 5. Quantification of the flows of gold and palladium The data on the flows of sWEEE and on the gold and palladium concentrations are compiled with the STAN software for the six different equipment groups. Data are reconciled as described in chapter 3.4. This led in some cases to significant corrections probably due to the high uncertainties related to the estimation of the sWEEE generation (see chapter 4.1.1.2). The flows of collected, non-separately collected, reused and treated sWEEE are quantified (Appendix 7) and, based on it, the flows of precious metals associated with the sWEEE that were recovered, reused and discarded are calculated. Appendix 8 presents the gold flows and Appendix 9 presents the flows of palladium. The uncertainties of the results are expressed as standard deviation. In spite of the high uncertainties, the results give the order of magnitude of the mass flows of precious metals related to sWEEE. 5.1. Mobile phones After data reconciliation as described by chapter 3.3.3, the quantity of end-of-life mobile phones generated in Germany in 2007 is assumed to amount to 1300 tonnes (standard deviation of 189 tonnes) and to contain around 450 kg of gold and 200 kg of palladium (Figure 14). Around 18% of the mobile phones are collected and around 12% end up in a process for formal treatment. Almost 5% of the mobile phones are reused. Finally, between 26 and 40 kg of gold were recovered (with a confidence interval of 95%) and between 11 and 17 kg of palladium. Between 260 and 530 kg of gold were discarded, which had in 2007 an economic value between 5.7 and 11.5 million US-dollars according to the average gold price in 2007 published by USGS (2008). The losses of palladium amounted to between 120 and 230 kg, which had in 2007 a value of 1.3 to 2.7 million US-dollars. Figure 14 illustrates the flows of precious metals associated with the management of end-of-life mobile phones in Germany in 2007 (without showing the uncertainties). The data on flows of mobile phones with the standard deviations are presented in table form in Appendix 6. Appendix 7 and Appendix 8 summarize the data on flows of precious metals and their uncertainties expressed as standard deviation.
5. Quantification of the flows of gold and palladium 87 Figure 14 Flows of gold and palladium contained in end-of-life mobile phones in Germany in 2007 1 The main source of losses of precious metals in Germany is collection, since around 82% of the end-of-life mobile phones are not separately collected but disposed of by the users. The hibernating mobile phones are not considered in this study. In the USA, the collection rate is lower than in Germany. Around 11% of the 16 000 tonnes of mobile phones generated in 2007 were collected, the rest was disposed of (Figure 15). Around 5% of the generated mobile phones passed through the formal treatment. The reuse rate amounts to around 4%. The losses due to non-separated collection combined with the losses of precious metals during treatment caused the loss of between 2.9 and 7.5 tonnes of gold, which in 2007 had an economic value between 63 and 162 million US-dollars. Figure 15 Flows of gold and palladium contained in end-of-life mobile phones in the USA in 2007 1 5.2. Desktop personal computers In Germany, between 12 000 and 14 000 tonnes of end-of-life desktop personal computers were generated in 2009. Around 76% of these computers were collected. According to the sorting analyses of Janz (2006), the majority of the non-separately collected flow of PCs
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ITU-Schriftenreihe, 2010 Institut f
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Bibliografische Information Der Deu
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Acknowledgements Here I would like
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Kurzfassung Die Nachfrage nach Edel
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Composition of the doctoral thesis
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4.1.1. Generation .................
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Figure 25 Flows of gold and palladi
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Table 26 Quantity of sWEEE (includi
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List of abbreviations Ag Au BAT CE
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Page 125 and 126: 8. Conclusion 125 All the equipment
Page 127 and 128: References 127 Binder 2007 BITKOM 2
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References 137 Rhein et al. 2008 Rh
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References 139 StEP 2009 Stevels 20
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References 141 Veldhuizen & Sippel
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References 143 Legislative texts Ba
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Appendices 145 Appendix 1 Equipment
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Appendices 147 Appendix 2 Average c
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Appendices 149 Appendix 4 Past and
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Appendices 151 Eq. group Equipment
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Appendices 153 2 Assumptions based
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Appendices 159 Appendix 8 Flows of
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Appendices 161 Appendix 10 Flows of
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