Social Impact Assessment of Microfinance Programmes - weman

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Chapter Five: Akhuwat 5.1 Institutional Review 5.1.1 Background and History Akhuwat was established in 2001 by Dr. Amjad Saqib and his friends with the objective of providing interest free credit to the poor so as to enhance their standard of living. At the time Dr. Saqib was working at the Punjab Rural Support Programme (PRSP) and found the 20 percent interest charged on the loans, disturbing. One reason was the fact, he felt, that it was in direct conflict with the teachings of Islam, and the other was that in the formal banking sector the interest was much lower, which was available to ‘creditworthy’ affluent individuals. Therefore, he wanted to start a microfinance programme where the loans were in the form of Qarz-e-Hasna 1 . With an initial donation of Rs.10,000, Akhuwat was formed and the first loan was given out to a woman. Akhuwat derives its name from ‘mua-khaat’ or brotherhood, which was first exhibited by the citizens of Madina when they shared their wealth with the ‘muhajirin’, the immigrants from Makkah. The philosophy is based on the premise that poverty can only be eliminated if society is willing to share its resources with the poor and needy. For Akhuwat, microcredit is a means to an end and not an end in itself; the end is a vibrant, economically strong society, based on sharing resources. For the initial few years Akhuwat was simply a philanthropic venture to see how interest free microfinance would do, but by 2003, the donations had increased to Rs. 1.5 million and the loan recovery rate was 100 percent. Consequently, it was decided to formalize the organization and Akhuwat was registered under the Societies Registration Act of 1860. At present, Akhuwat has 13 branches in the Punjab and 7,150 active clients, and it has disbursed over Rs 150 million over five years. Over the years, Akhuwat has stayed true to its mission of helping the underprivileged with interest free loans and provides various loan products to meet the needs of its clients. To increase the outreach of interest free loans, Akhuwat has partnered with individuals in other cities to start similar initiatives. Akhuwat is rapidly gaining legitimacy and in the last one year FY 2005-06 its acceptance has increased immensely as the organization received donations worth Rs. 30 million for its noble cause. Till 2003 Akhuwat worked on a small scale out of the PRSP office with Dr. Saqib and one more employee handling the operations; but once the donations increased, the organization was formalized and the first branch in Township, Lahore, was established, 1 Helping someone in need with interest-free loans; these are preferred over charity.
which also became the head office. The loan product offered was the enterprise/family loan which was for business purposes. The main growth thrust for Akhuwat came in 2003 when the Governor of Punjab, Lt. General (Retd) Khalid Maqbool, found out about their work and wanted to observe it in practice. He visited Akhuwat and met with clients, which generated ample publicity. The donations increased and so did the applications for the loans, and now approximately 1,000 new loans are given out every month in Lahore. Figure 5.1 shows the increase in the number of loans over the years and from 2004 to 2005 the loans have increased by almost 300 percent. Figure 5.1 Number of Loans 5000 4000 3000 3135 4398 2000 1000 0 836 192 283 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year Akhuwat’s management has stated, that ‘the Programme is non-political and non– sectarian. Muslims from all sects are welcome in the mosques. There is no gender discrimination in the mosque. Women also come to mosques to get loans. Christians are also welcome in mosques. Akhuwat derives its inspiration from the Islamic spirit of mua’khat but its message is for all people of this country. Quite a large number of borrowers are Christian who are given loans in mosques. Akhuwat also works in a church in collaboration with Christian religious leaders’. 5.1.2 Organizational Structure Akhuwat is governed by a Board of ten members, consisting of philanthropists, civil servants and businessmen. The main responsibility of the internal governance rests with the Board. Their role has been well defined in the Articles of Association and they formulate and approve policies, and provide guidance and direction on different matters. The Board meets quarterly to review operations and take policy decisions. Another salient responsibility of the board is to provide marketing services for Akhuwat and mobilize funds for loans. A Board review takes place every three years where a change in board members might take place depending on the availability of the existing members and the needs of the organization. 2
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Social Impact Assessment of Microfi
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indicators which are more difficult
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• Since Asasah has been in operat
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Akhuwat • Akhuwat was established
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and economic change in their surrou
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development. NRSP's mandate is to h
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Kashf Urban Poverty Alleviation Pro
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clients’ amounts to Rs.5.6 millio
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Pakistan, Official Poverty Line - R
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Contents Executive Summary Acknowle
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7.5 UPAP Survey Results 7.6 UPAP Re
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microfinance operations. This ordin
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and not other services such as savi
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elow. While we examined the traditi
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Ideally, baseline studies and panel
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members of these organizations are
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Microfinance Branch District/City I
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factor. For this survey, the sample
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loans and might have increased cons
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Chapter Three: Asasah 3.1 Instituti
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insufficient resources. Furthermore
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Figure 3.1: Asasah’s Target Marke
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for SBF, two in Lahore and one in K
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to Regional Managers as the organiz
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undertake thorough research which e
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According to Asasah the only time a
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Figure 3.3 Funding Sources NGO 5% D
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Borrower’, is that client who has
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Note: There are 237 and 273 respond
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Page 63 and 64: Jewellery and livestock were genera
Page 65 and 66: Appendix Chapter 3 A 3.1.1 Institut
Page 67 and 68: A3.1.4 Organizational Structure Boa
Page 69 and 70: Table - A.3.2.4 Respondent Characte
Page 71 and 72: Table - A.3.2.9 Child Education [AS
Page 73 and 74: Table - A.3.2.14 Household Assets O
Page 75 and 76: Table - A.3.2.17 Women’s Empowerm
Page 77 and 78: Table - A.3.2.20 Women’s Empowerm
Page 79 and 80: Table - A.3.2.22 Borrowers - Loan A
Page 81 and 82: Table - A.3.2.27 Non-Borrowers’ P
Page 83 and 84: Chapter Four: Orangi Charitable Tru
Page 85 and 86: these, as many as 7,301 units are c
Page 87 and 88: • Loan for Livestock: OCT also su
Page 89 and 90: guarantees of two local entrepreneu
Page 91 and 92: CEBEMO, a Dutch funding agency, has
Page 93 and 94: MFIs claim. Hence, its criteria and
Page 95 and 96: Table - 4.4 OCT - Household Assets
Page 97 and 98: difference, we found that active bo
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Page 101 and 102: Term/D uration Loan size improveme
Page 103 and 104: Table - A. 4.2.4 Respondent Charact
Page 105 and 106: Average Indebtedness 19300 6375 340
Page 107 and 108: Table - A. 4.2.14 Household Assets
Page 109 and 110: Table - A. 4.2.19 Borrowers’ Perc
Page 111: Table - A. 4.2.23 Non-Borrowers’
Page 115 and 116: problem of group lending is that me
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Page 119 and 120: activities with other NGOs and Soci
Page 121 and 122: 5.1.5.3 Policy Environment As Akhuw
Page 123 and 124: are also working on a marketing pla
Page 125 and 126: We first discuss results based on t
Page 127 and 128: New and Non- Borrowers 506072.7273
Page 129 and 130: Note: There are 160 and 180 respond
Page 131 and 132: From these results we can judge tha
Page 133 and 134: Appendix Chapter 5 A 5..11 Institut
Page 135 and 136: Table - 5.4.2.1 Sample Information
Page 137 and 138: Table - A. 5.2.6 Housing Characteri
Page 139 and 140: Table - A. 5.2.12 Sources of Househ
Page 141 and 142: Table - A. 5.2.16 Women’s Empower
Page 147 and 148: Table - A. 5.2.25 Borrowers’ Perc
Page 149 and 150: Table - A. 5.2.29 Non-Borrower’s
Page 151 and 152: in the contextual needs of the comm
Page 153 and 154: 6.1.4.1 Products and Services Offer
Page 155 and 156: Other filters related to the specif
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Page 159 and 160: have been chosen from ‘old/establ
Page 161 and 162: School Going Children - Boys % Acti
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The Difference in Differences (DID)
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Table 1: Regression results Young B
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• Participants were also not very
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Impact on Quality of Life & Social
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Appendix Chapter 6 A.6.1.1 Institut
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Sample Information [SAFWCO] Table -
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Table - A. 6.2.7 Housing Characteri
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Table - A. 6.2.12 Sources of Househ
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Table - A. 6.2.16 Women’s Empower
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Table - A. 6.2.25 Borrowers’ Perc
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Table - A. 6.2.29 Non-Borrowers’
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incremental growth, it is emerging
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the purpose of the organization and
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Group loans are meant specifically
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Officer. If the Field Worker and Cr
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The worker’s degree of mobility d
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credit is disbursed to another woma
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Borrowers Houses with RCC Roof Acti
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Own House Active Borrowers 98.4568
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A Single Difference equation is als
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Table 7.6: Regression results Young
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Table - 7.8 UPAP - Economic Status
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Table - 7.10 UPAP - Household Asset
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Y ij = X ij α + C ij β + M ij γ
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Table 1: Regression results Young B
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to consider young unmarried clients
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influentials and people understand
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Client Profile Most of the women in
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Appendix Chapter 7 Appendix A.7.1 N
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Appendix A.7.2 Results from NRSP Su
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Monthly Expenditure on Health 1526
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Do you operate Bank account in your
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Spouse without your suggestion .6 3
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No 17.6 14.1 20.3 9.6 16.7 100.0 15
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Appendix A.7.3 UPAP Institutional B
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Table - A.7. 4.4 Respondent Charact
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Table - A.7. 4.9 Child Education [U
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Table - A.7. 4.14 Household Assets
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Table - A.7. 4.17 Women’s Empower
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Table - A.7. 4.20 Women’s Empower
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Table - A.7. 4.23 Borrowers - Loan
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Table - A.7. 4.27 Non-Borrower’s
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Chapter Eight: Kashf 8.1 Institutio
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were introduced at several levels a
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Box 8.1 Kashf’s Core Values Servi
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issues are in the social theme book
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usiness address, attest to experien
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the learning centre has been set up
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development and undertaken market s
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information has not been integrated
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Table 8. 2 Financing Sources: Septe
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We first discuss results based on t
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Table - 8.7 KASHF - Business Charac
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The results from the estimation of
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A total of three focus group discus
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The positive impact of the credit w
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Appendix Chapter 8 A.8.1.1 Institut
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54 Jawarian R 55 Behra R 56 Sahiwal
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A.8.1.5: GESA Activities Initiative
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Table - A.8.2.1 Sample Information
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Table - A. 8.2.12 Sources of Househ
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Table - A. 8.2.22 Borrowers - Loan
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Table - A. 8.2.27 Non-Borrowers’
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Chapter Nine: Conclusions For anyon
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are necessary for impact to take pl
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Another finding from the survey sug
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of the microfinance sector in Pakis
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Section 1 - IDENTIFICATION File:
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1.9 Occupation - Primary __________
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Section 4a - All Respondents File:
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Section 4b - All Respondents File:
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Section 5b - All Respondents File:
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Section 7 - Only for Non-Agricultur
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8) Do you regularly pay the loan in
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Section 9 - All Respondents File:
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10.2 Had you wanted to join a progr
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11.7 Business Assets Business Asset
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Section 14 - All Respondents File:
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Section 16,17,18 - All Respondents
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17.2 [If Yes in 17.1], Why you did
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Section 19 - Only for Female Respon
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19.8 Who in your household decides
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Section 20a - Only for Agricultural
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Section 20b - Only for Agricultural
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Page is left intentionally blank Qu
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Appendix: Additional Codes ________
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___________________________________
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Bibliography Carolyn Barnes and Jen
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