Social Impact Assessment of Microfinance Programmes - weman

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Chapter Seven: National Rural Support Programme (NRSP) 7.1 Institutional Review 7.1.1 Background and History The National Rural Support Programme (NRSP), is Pakistan’s largest multi-sectoral rural development programme, established in 1991 by the Government of Pakistan. It is a notfor-profit organization registered under Section 42 of Companies Ordinance 1984. NRSP is also the largest Rural Support Programme in the country in terms of outreach, staff and development activities. Its goal is to reach out to 38 million poor people all over Pakistan through its network and other Rural Support Programmes (RSPs). At present, it is operational in 35 districts, has 110 field offices and 13 Regional offices that reach out to 62,330 people directly and many more indirectly. Programme districts are selected according to district poverty ranking from data available from national level surveys conducted by government and international organizations, and distributed among other Rural Support Programmes (RSPs) like the Sarhad and Punjab Rural Support Programmes (SRSP and PRSP). The poor in the area are targeted according to the local community assumptions with poor households identified by the communities themselves in respective localities. NRSP’s main programmes focus on social mobilization, infrastructure development and microfinance and enterprise development. Salient features of NRSP are: • It is a home grown organization, registered as a Company Limited as Guarantee under Section 42 of Companies Ordinance (1984); • Government of Pakistan provided seed money to establish NRSP in 1992; • NRSP’s core operations are managed from the income of an endowment fund as well as from donor funding; • NRSP is an Not for Profit Organization; • NRSP is autonomous and independent; • NRSP has no preconceived package for delivery of services or supplies; • NRSP is a Gender Sensitive Organization; • NRSP has no political agenda. 7.1.2 Mission, Vision and Purpose NRSP's mandate is to alleviate poverty by harnessing people's potential and undertaking development activities in Pakistan. It has a presence in 35 Districts in all the four Provinces including Azad Jammu and Kashmir through Regional Offices and Field Offices. NRSP is currently working with more than half a million poor households organized into a network of more than 29,000 Community Organizations. With sustained
incremental growth, it is emerging as Pakistan's leading engine for poverty reduction and rural development. (NRSP website) NRSP works to release the potential abilities, skills and knowledge of rural men and women, to enable them to articulate their aspirations and to effectively marshal the resources they need to meet their identified needs. The purpose is poverty alleviation - enabling people to break the cycle of poverty, which begins with lack of opportunity, extends to the well-known miseries of economic and nutritional poverty and leads new generations to endure the same conditions. The process is social mobilization - bringing people together on new terms for a common purpose. The conceptual tools are 'social guidance' (recruiting local men and women who will take on a leadership role), advocacy, capacity building and awareness raising. The programmatic tools are training, support to institutions, microcredit, infrastructure development, natural resource management and 'productive linkages'. The organizational purpose is to advocate for the poor and to bring the concerns of economically marginalized men and women to public consciousness and to affect policy so that the poor are brought into the mainstream of the economy. NRSP's vision is manifested in expanded opportunities for income-generation; community schools which provide quality primary education, community owned and managed infrastructure schemes, improved agricultural productivity, higher returns for labour and so on. From the widest perspective the vision is manifested as the first stages of a transformation of civil society. 7.1.3 Objective The main objective of NRSP is to create a countrywide network of grassroots level organizations to enable rural communities to plan, implement and manage developmental activities and programmes for the purpose of ensuring productive employment, alleviation of poverty and improvement in the quality of life. The organization is designed in such a way that it specializes as a support organization, which provide social guidance to the communities. The guiding tenets of NRSP’s philosophy are to organize rural communities develop their capital base at the local level through savings and credit schemes, support human development endeavours and link the communities with the government service delivery departments, donors, NGOs and the private sector. While interacting with so many stakeholders, NRSP carefully outlines its role as that of a facilitator. This leads the communities and other partners to maintain their relationship independent of NRSP. The generic principles of NRSP’s philosophy prevent it from following a preconceived package approach. The whole quest is to identify and support whatever activities communities intend to do on their own according to their prioritized needs. 7.1.4 Approach 2
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Social Impact Assessment of Microfi
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indicators which are more difficult
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• Since Asasah has been in operat
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Akhuwat • Akhuwat was established
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and economic change in their surrou
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development. NRSP's mandate is to h
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Kashf Urban Poverty Alleviation Pro
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clients’ amounts to Rs.5.6 millio
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Pakistan, Official Poverty Line - R
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Contents Executive Summary Acknowle
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7.5 UPAP Survey Results 7.6 UPAP Re
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microfinance operations. This ordin
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and not other services such as savi
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elow. While we examined the traditi
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Ideally, baseline studies and panel
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members of these organizations are
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Microfinance Branch District/City I
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factor. For this survey, the sample
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loans and might have increased cons
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Chapter Three: Asasah 3.1 Instituti
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insufficient resources. Furthermore
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Figure 3.1: Asasah’s Target Marke
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for SBF, two in Lahore and one in K
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to Regional Managers as the organiz
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undertake thorough research which e
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According to Asasah the only time a
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Figure 3.3 Funding Sources NGO 5% D
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Borrower’, is that client who has
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Note: There are 237 and 273 respond
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orrowers spend less on education by
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Jewellery and livestock were genera
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Appendix Chapter 3 A 3.1.1 Institut
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A3.1.4 Organizational Structure Boa
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Table - A.3.2.4 Respondent Characte
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Table - A.3.2.9 Child Education [AS
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Table - A.3.2.14 Household Assets O
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Table - A.3.2.17 Women’s Empowerm
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Table - A.3.2.20 Women’s Empowerm
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Table - A.3.2.22 Borrowers - Loan A
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Table - A.3.2.27 Non-Borrowers’ P
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Chapter Four: Orangi Charitable Tru
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these, as many as 7,301 units are c
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• Loan for Livestock: OCT also su
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guarantees of two local entrepreneu
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CEBEMO, a Dutch funding agency, has
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MFIs claim. Hence, its criteria and
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Table - 4.4 OCT - Household Assets
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difference, we found that active bo
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mainly because they don’t have to
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Term/D uration Loan size improveme
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Table - A. 4.2.4 Respondent Charact
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Average Indebtedness 19300 6375 340
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Table - A. 4.2.14 Household Assets
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Table - A. 4.2.19 Borrowers’ Perc
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Table - A. 4.2.23 Non-Borrowers’
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which also became the head office.
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problem of group lending is that me
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uy insurance, which covers the risk
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activities with other NGOs and Soci
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5.1.5.3 Policy Environment As Akhuw
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are also working on a marketing pla
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We first discuss results based on t
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New and Non- Borrowers 506072.7273
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From these results we can judge tha
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Appendix Chapter 5 A 5..11 Institut
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Table - 5.4.2.1 Sample Information
Page 137 and 138: Table - A. 5.2.6 Housing Characteri
Page 139 and 140: Table - A. 5.2.12 Sources of Househ
Page 141 and 142: Table - A. 5.2.16 Women’s Empower
Page 147 and 148: Table - A. 5.2.25 Borrowers’ Perc
Page 149 and 150: Table - A. 5.2.29 Non-Borrower’s
Page 151 and 152: in the contextual needs of the comm
Page 153 and 154: 6.1.4.1 Products and Services Offer
Page 155 and 156: Other filters related to the specif
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Page 159 and 160: have been chosen from ‘old/establ
Page 161 and 162: School Going Children - Boys % Acti
Page 163 and 164: The Difference in Differences (DID)
Page 165 and 166: Table 1: Regression results Young B
Page 167 and 168: • Participants were also not very
Page 169 and 170: Impact on Quality of Life & Social
Page 171 and 172: Appendix Chapter 6 A.6.1.1 Institut
Page 173 and 174: Sample Information [SAFWCO] Table -
Page 177 and 178: Table - A. 6.2.12 Sources of Househ
Page 185 and 186: Table - A. 6.2.25 Borrowers’ Perc
Page 187: Table - A. 6.2.29 Non-Borrowers’
Page 191 and 192: the purpose of the organization and
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Page 197 and 198: The worker’s degree of mobility d
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Page 201 and 202: Borrowers Houses with RCC Roof Acti
Page 203 and 204: Own House Active Borrowers 98.4568
Page 205 and 206: A Single Difference equation is als
Page 208 and 209: Table 7.6: Regression results Young
Page 210 and 211: Table - 7.8 UPAP - Economic Status
Page 212 and 213: Table - 7.10 UPAP - Household Asset
Page 214 and 215: Y ij = X ij α + C ij β + M ij γ
Page 216 and 217: Table 1: Regression results Young B
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Page 222 and 223: Client Profile Most of the women in
Page 224 and 225: Appendix Chapter 7 Appendix A.7.1 N
Page 226 and 227: Appendix A.7.2 Results from NRSP Su
Page 230 and 231: Monthly Expenditure on Health 1526
Page 234 and 235: Do you operate Bank account in your
Page 236 and 237: Spouse without your suggestion .6 3
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No 17.6 14.1 20.3 9.6 16.7 100.0 15
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Appendix A.7.3 UPAP Institutional B
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Table - A.7. 4.4 Respondent Charact
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Table - A.7. 4.9 Child Education [U
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Table - A.7. 4.14 Household Assets
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Table - A.7. 4.17 Women’s Empower
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Table - A.7. 4.20 Women’s Empower
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Table - A.7. 4.23 Borrowers - Loan
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Table - A.7. 4.27 Non-Borrower’s
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Chapter Eight: Kashf 8.1 Institutio
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were introduced at several levels a
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Box 8.1 Kashf’s Core Values Servi
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issues are in the social theme book
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usiness address, attest to experien
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the learning centre has been set up
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development and undertaken market s
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information has not been integrated
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Table 8. 2 Financing Sources: Septe
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We first discuss results based on t
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Table - 8.7 KASHF - Business Charac
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The results from the estimation of
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A total of three focus group discus
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The positive impact of the credit w
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Appendix Chapter 8 A.8.1.1 Institut
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54 Jawarian R 55 Behra R 56 Sahiwal
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A.8.1.5: GESA Activities Initiative
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Table - A.8.2.1 Sample Information
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Table - A. 8.2.6 Housing Characteri
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Table - A. 8.2.12 Sources of Househ
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Table - A. 8.2.16 Women’s Empower
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Table - A. 8.2.22 Borrowers - Loan
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Table - A. 8.2.27 Non-Borrowers’
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Chapter Nine: Conclusions For anyon
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are necessary for impact to take pl
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Another finding from the survey sug
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of the microfinance sector in Pakis
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Section 1 - IDENTIFICATION File:
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1.9 Occupation - Primary __________
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Section 4a - All Respondents File:
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Section 4b - All Respondents File:
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Section 5b - All Respondents File:
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Section 7 - Only for Non-Agricultur
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8) Do you regularly pay the loan in
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Section 9 - All Respondents File:
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10.2 Had you wanted to join a progr
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11.7 Business Assets Business Asset
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Section 14 - All Respondents File:
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Section 16,17,18 - All Respondents
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17.2 [If Yes in 17.1], Why you did
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Section 19 - Only for Female Respon
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19.8 Who in your household decides
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Section 20a - Only for Agricultural
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Section 20b - Only for Agricultural
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Page is left intentionally blank Qu
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Appendix: Additional Codes ________
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___________________________________
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___________________________________
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Bibliography Carolyn Barnes and Jen
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