Social Impact Assessment of Microfinance Programmes - weman

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MFIs, we did not find a similar result, where there was no such marked difference. In the urban areas, the Education levels were higher than they are for rural areas, and perhaps Education in rural areas has a somewhat lower priority than it does in cities and towns. Hence, it is possible, that only after some years of improved income do rural parents spend extra on the Education. Perhaps, as Incomes rise in rural areas, the additional Income allows parents to send more children to school or then send their children to better schools. Table – 7.3 NRSP – Children’s Education Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t-value Significance Level School Going Children % Active Borrowers 91.3612 18.76740 1.089 .277 New and Non- Borrowers 89.3238 20.63974 School Going Children - Boys Active Borrowers % 90.1341 26.42924 .459 .647 New and Non- Borrowers 88.8194 26.55939 School Going Children - Girls Active Borrowers % 73.2108 41.67856 .600 .549 New and Non- Borrowers 70.4734 42.75401 Children going to Private Active Borrowers School % 27.2728 41.28501 1.069 .286 New and Non- Borrowers 23.2768 40.34627 Monthly Expenditure on Active Borrowers Education 393.9461 868.26460 2.976 .003 New and Non- Borrowers 207.6695 417.82755 Note: There are 324 and 356 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. One of our unexpected and surprising results is that there does not seem to be much difference on Household Asset Ownership amongst the three categories of respondents – Table A.7.2.14 and Table 7.4. One would have expected Active Borrowers, as their income rise, to perhaps invest in additional Household Assets. Table – 7.4 NRSP – Household Assets Ownership Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t-value Significance Level 15
Own House Active Borrowers 98.4568 16.62074 -.111 .911 New and Non-Borrowers 98.5955 15.86011 Refrigerator Active Borrowers 26.5432 44.22460 -1.173 .241 New and Non-Borrowers 30.6180 46.15540 Colour TV Active Borrowers 56.1728 50.31339 1.311 .190 New and Non-Borrowers 51.1236 50.05773 Motor Cycle Active Borrowers 21.6049 41.21849 .351 .726 New and Non-Borrowers 20.5056 40.43109 Prize Bonds Active Borrowers .9259 9.59267 -.255 .799 New and Non-Borrowers 1.1236 10.55510 Washing Active Borrowers Machine 43.2099 49.61342 -.454 .650 Sewing Machine New and Non-Borrowers 44.9438 49.81371 Active Borrowers 68.2099 46.63811 -.250 .803 New and Non-Borrowers 69.1011 46.27269 Bed with Foam Active Borrowers 17.5926 38.13461 -1.321 .187 New and Non-Borrowers 21.6292 41.22952 Urban Property Active Borrowers 1.5432 12.34544 .150 .881 New and Non-Borrowers 1.4045 11.78418 Gold Active Borrowers 45.6790 49.88999 1.826 .068 New and Non-Borrowers 38.7640 48.78975 Mobile phone Active Borrowers 38.2716 48.68017 .019 .985 New and Non-Borrowers 38.2022 48.65658 Note: There are 324 and 356 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant at least at 90 percent level of significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. Another unexpected result relates to Women’s Empowerment, where, as in the case of many MFIs, we find that there is little difference between Active Borrowers and others – Table A.7.2.17-21 and Table 7. 6. While we found similar results for urban MFIs as well, we did find that in the case of Economic Empowerment, Active Borrowers were far ‘better-off’ than new clients and Non-Borrowers. In the case of NRSP, we do not get this result perhaps due to greater rigidity in the social structure in rural Punjab where women are less physically and socially mobile. Table – 7.5 NRSP – Women Empowerment Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t-value Significance Level Economic Empowerment Score out of 14 Active Borrowers 8.8065 2.26765 -1.701 .091 New and Non- Borrowers 9.6486 3.29978 Income Empowerment Score out of 5 Active Borrowers 2.7419 1.29229 -2.234 .027 Assets Empowerment New and Non- Borrowers 3.2568 1.37553 16
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Social Impact Assessment of Microfi
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indicators which are more difficult
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• Since Asasah has been in operat
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Akhuwat • Akhuwat was established
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and economic change in their surrou
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development. NRSP's mandate is to h
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Kashf Urban Poverty Alleviation Pro
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clients’ amounts to Rs.5.6 millio
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Pakistan, Official Poverty Line - R
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Contents Executive Summary Acknowle
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7.5 UPAP Survey Results 7.6 UPAP Re
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microfinance operations. This ordin
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and not other services such as savi
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elow. While we examined the traditi
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Ideally, baseline studies and panel
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members of these organizations are
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Microfinance Branch District/City I
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factor. For this survey, the sample
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loans and might have increased cons
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Chapter Three: Asasah 3.1 Instituti
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insufficient resources. Furthermore
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Figure 3.1: Asasah’s Target Marke
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for SBF, two in Lahore and one in K
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to Regional Managers as the organiz
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undertake thorough research which e
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According to Asasah the only time a
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Figure 3.3 Funding Sources NGO 5% D
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Borrower’, is that client who has
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Note: There are 237 and 273 respond
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orrowers spend less on education by
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Jewellery and livestock were genera
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Appendix Chapter 3 A 3.1.1 Institut
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A3.1.4 Organizational Structure Boa
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Table - A.3.2.4 Respondent Characte
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Table - A.3.2.9 Child Education [AS
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Table - A.3.2.14 Household Assets O
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Table - A.3.2.17 Women’s Empowerm
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Table - A.3.2.20 Women’s Empowerm
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Table - A.3.2.22 Borrowers - Loan A
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Table - A.3.2.27 Non-Borrowers’ P
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Chapter Four: Orangi Charitable Tru
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these, as many as 7,301 units are c
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• Loan for Livestock: OCT also su
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guarantees of two local entrepreneu
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CEBEMO, a Dutch funding agency, has
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MFIs claim. Hence, its criteria and
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Table - 4.4 OCT - Household Assets
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difference, we found that active bo
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mainly because they don’t have to
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Term/D uration Loan size improveme
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Table - A. 4.2.4 Respondent Charact
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Average Indebtedness 19300 6375 340
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Table - A. 4.2.14 Household Assets
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Table - A. 4.2.19 Borrowers’ Perc
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Table - A. 4.2.23 Non-Borrowers’
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which also became the head office.
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problem of group lending is that me
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uy insurance, which covers the risk
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activities with other NGOs and Soci
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5.1.5.3 Policy Environment As Akhuw
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are also working on a marketing pla
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We first discuss results based on t
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New and Non- Borrowers 506072.7273
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From these results we can judge tha
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Appendix Chapter 5 A 5..11 Institut
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Table - 5.4.2.1 Sample Information
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Table - A. 5.2.6 Housing Characteri
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Table - A. 5.2.12 Sources of Househ
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Table - A. 5.2.16 Women’s Empower
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Table - A. 5.2.25 Borrowers’ Perc
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Table - A. 5.2.29 Non-Borrower’s
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Page 153 and 154: 6.1.4.1 Products and Services Offer
Page 155 and 156: Other filters related to the specif
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Page 159 and 160: have been chosen from ‘old/establ
Page 161 and 162: School Going Children - Boys % Acti
Page 163 and 164: The Difference in Differences (DID)
Page 165 and 166: Table 1: Regression results Young B
Page 167 and 168: • Participants were also not very
Page 169 and 170: Impact on Quality of Life & Social
Page 171 and 172: Appendix Chapter 6 A.6.1.1 Institut
Page 173 and 174: Sample Information [SAFWCO] Table -
Page 175 and 176: Table - A. 6.2.7 Housing Characteri
Page 177 and 178: Table - A. 6.2.12 Sources of Househ
Page 179 and 180: Table - A. 6.2.16 Women’s Empower
Page 185 and 186: Table - A. 6.2.25 Borrowers’ Perc
Page 187 and 188: Table - A. 6.2.29 Non-Borrowers’
Page 189 and 190: incremental growth, it is emerging
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Page 193 and 194: Group loans are meant specifically
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Page 197 and 198: The worker’s degree of mobility d
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Page 201: Borrowers Houses with RCC Roof Acti
Page 205 and 206: A Single Difference equation is als
Page 208 and 209: Table 7.6: Regression results Young
Page 210 and 211: Table - 7.8 UPAP - Economic Status
Page 212 and 213: Table - 7.10 UPAP - Household Asset
Page 214 and 215: Y ij = X ij α + C ij β + M ij γ
Page 216 and 217: Table 1: Regression results Young B
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Page 222 and 223: Client Profile Most of the women in
Page 224 and 225: Appendix Chapter 7 Appendix A.7.1 N
Page 226 and 227: Appendix A.7.2 Results from NRSP Su
Page 228 and 229: Table - A. 7.2.6 Housing Characteri
Page 230 and 231: Monthly Expenditure on Health 1526
Page 234 and 235: Do you operate Bank account in your
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Page 238 and 239: No 17.6 14.1 20.3 9.6 16.7 100.0 15
Page 240 and 241: Appendix A.7.3 UPAP Institutional B
Page 242 and 243: Table - A.7. 4.4 Respondent Charact
Page 244 and 245: Table - A.7. 4.9 Child Education [U
Page 246 and 247: Table - A.7. 4.14 Household Assets
Page 248 and 249: Table - A.7. 4.17 Women’s Empower
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Table - A.7. 4.23 Borrowers - Loan
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Table - A.7. 4.27 Non-Borrower’s
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Chapter Eight: Kashf 8.1 Institutio
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were introduced at several levels a
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Box 8.1 Kashf’s Core Values Servi
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issues are in the social theme book
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usiness address, attest to experien
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the learning centre has been set up
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development and undertaken market s
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information has not been integrated
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Table 8. 2 Financing Sources: Septe
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We first discuss results based on t
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Table - 8.7 KASHF - Business Charac
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The results from the estimation of
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A total of three focus group discus
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The positive impact of the credit w
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Appendix Chapter 8 A.8.1.1 Institut
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54 Jawarian R 55 Behra R 56 Sahiwal
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A.8.1.5: GESA Activities Initiative
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Table - A.8.2.1 Sample Information
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Table - A. 8.2.6 Housing Characteri
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Table - A. 8.2.12 Sources of Househ
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Table - A. 8.2.22 Borrowers - Loan
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Table - A. 8.2.27 Non-Borrowers’
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Chapter Nine: Conclusions For anyon
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are necessary for impact to take pl
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Another finding from the survey sug
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of the microfinance sector in Pakis
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Section 1 - IDENTIFICATION File:
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1.9 Occupation - Primary __________
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Section 4a - All Respondents File:
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Section 4b - All Respondents File:
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Section 5b - All Respondents File:
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Section 7 - Only for Non-Agricultur
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8) Do you regularly pay the loan in
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Section 9 - All Respondents File:
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10.2 Had you wanted to join a progr
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11.7 Business Assets Business Asset
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Section 14 - All Respondents File:
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Section 16,17,18 - All Respondents
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17.2 [If Yes in 17.1], Why you did
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Section 19 - Only for Female Respon
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19.8 Who in your household decides
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Section 20a - Only for Agricultural
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Section 20b - Only for Agricultural
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Page is left intentionally blank Qu
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Appendix: Additional Codes ________
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Bibliography Carolyn Barnes and Jen
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