Social Impact Assessment of Microfinance Programmes - weman

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Note: There are 239 and 271 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. Table – 8.5 KASHF – Children Education Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t-value Significance Level School Going Children % Active Borrowers 87.2143 23.26893 1.482 .140 New and Non- Borrowers 81.8200 25.30298 School Going Children - Boys Active Borrowers % 90.0585 27.97030 1.845 .067 New and Non- Borrowers 80.0000 35.61127 School Going Children - Girls Active Borrowers % 75.1389 39.28180 1.185 .238 New and Non- Borrowers 67.1405 42.72509 Children going to Private Active Borrowers School % 38.8528 47.51905 -3.226 .001 New and Non- Borrowers 59.8700 45.11408 Monthly Expenditure on Active Borrowers Education 409.0000 435.23233 1.518 .131 New and Non- Borrowers 326.1560 355.05028 Note: There are 239 and 271 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. The differences on Household Ownership Assets – Table 8.6 – between Active Borrowers and others are also large and significant, implying that Active Borrowers own more/better Household Assets. Table 8.7 also shows the significant difference between the value of sales of Active Borrowers compared to the other categories. Perhaps the most surprising and unexpected results on impact, which relate to not Kashf alone but to almost all MFIs, relates to the decrease in women’s empowerment in most cases. Although, there is a significant (positive) difference at the Women’s Economic Empowerment level between Active Borrowers and the other three categories, in the case of other types of Empowerment, such as Income, Assets, Health and Education, we find that those women who have not joined the programme are ‘better-off’. What this suggests that while women begin to take decisions related to Economic issues far more independently, perhaps they compromise the additional income earned by allowing their spouses/sons to control this income 21
Table – 8.6 KASHF – Household Assets Ownership Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t-value Significance Level Own House Active Borrowers 93.3054 25.04523 2.464 .014 New and Non-Borrowers 86.7159 34.00311 Refrigerator Active Borrowers 33.8912 47.43333 3.083 .002 New and Non-Borrowers 21.7712 41.34542 Colour TV Active Borrowers 87.8661 32.72060 3.574 .000 New and Non-Borrowers 75.6458 43.00138 Motor Cycle Active Borrowers 6.2762 24.30425 -.321 .748 New and Non-Borrowers 7.0111 26.98964 Washing Active Borrowers Machine 74.0586 43.92331 4.645 .000 Sewing Machine New and Non-Borrowers 54.6125 49.87890 Active Borrowers 89.1213 31.20248 -1.871 .062 New and Non-Borrowers 93.7269 24.29264 Bed with Foam Active Borrowers 40.5858 49.20878 2.912 .004 New and Non-Borrowers 28.4133 45.18348 Gold Active Borrowers 18.4100 38.83794 .647 .518 New and Non-Borrowers 16.2362 36.94645 Mobile phone Active Borrowers 39.7490 49.04058 1.891 .059 New and Non-Borrowers 31.7343 46.63034 Note: There are 239 and 271 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant at least at 90 percent level of significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. 22
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Social Impact Assessment of Microfi
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indicators which are more difficult
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• Since Asasah has been in operat
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Akhuwat • Akhuwat was established
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and economic change in their surrou
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development. NRSP's mandate is to h
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Kashf Urban Poverty Alleviation Pro
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clients’ amounts to Rs.5.6 millio
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Pakistan, Official Poverty Line - R
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Contents Executive Summary Acknowle
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7.5 UPAP Survey Results 7.6 UPAP Re
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microfinance operations. This ordin
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and not other services such as savi
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elow. While we examined the traditi
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Ideally, baseline studies and panel
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members of these organizations are
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Microfinance Branch District/City I
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factor. For this survey, the sample
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loans and might have increased cons
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Chapter Three: Asasah 3.1 Instituti
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insufficient resources. Furthermore
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Figure 3.1: Asasah’s Target Marke
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for SBF, two in Lahore and one in K
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to Regional Managers as the organiz
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undertake thorough research which e
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According to Asasah the only time a
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Figure 3.3 Funding Sources NGO 5% D
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Borrower’, is that client who has
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Note: There are 237 and 273 respond
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orrowers spend less on education by
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Jewellery and livestock were genera
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Appendix Chapter 3 A 3.1.1 Institut
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A3.1.4 Organizational Structure Boa
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Table - A.3.2.4 Respondent Characte
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Table - A.3.2.9 Child Education [AS
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Table - A.3.2.14 Household Assets O
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Table - A.3.2.17 Women’s Empowerm
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Table - A.3.2.20 Women’s Empowerm
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Table - A.3.2.22 Borrowers - Loan A
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Table - A.3.2.27 Non-Borrowers’ P
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Chapter Four: Orangi Charitable Tru
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these, as many as 7,301 units are c
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• Loan for Livestock: OCT also su
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guarantees of two local entrepreneu
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CEBEMO, a Dutch funding agency, has
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MFIs claim. Hence, its criteria and
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Table - 4.4 OCT - Household Assets
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difference, we found that active bo
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mainly because they don’t have to
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Term/D uration Loan size improveme
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Table - A. 4.2.4 Respondent Charact
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Average Indebtedness 19300 6375 340
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Table - A. 4.2.14 Household Assets
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Table - A. 4.2.19 Borrowers’ Perc
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Table - A. 4.2.23 Non-Borrowers’
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which also became the head office.
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problem of group lending is that me
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uy insurance, which covers the risk
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activities with other NGOs and Soci
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5.1.5.3 Policy Environment As Akhuw
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are also working on a marketing pla
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We first discuss results based on t
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New and Non- Borrowers 506072.7273
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From these results we can judge tha
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Appendix Chapter 5 A 5..11 Institut
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Table - 5.4.2.1 Sample Information
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Table - A. 5.2.6 Housing Characteri
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Table - A. 5.2.12 Sources of Househ
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Table - A. 5.2.16 Women’s Empower
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Table - A. 5.2.29 Non-Borrower’s
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in the contextual needs of the comm
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6.1.4.1 Products and Services Offer
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Other filters related to the specif
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management reveal the significance
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have been chosen from ‘old/establ
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School Going Children - Boys % Acti
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The Difference in Differences (DID)
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Table 1: Regression results Young B
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• Participants were also not very
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Impact on Quality of Life & Social
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Appendix Chapter 6 A.6.1.1 Institut
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Sample Information [SAFWCO] Table -
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Table - A. 6.2.7 Housing Characteri
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Table - A. 6.2.12 Sources of Househ
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Table - A. 6.2.29 Non-Borrowers’
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incremental growth, it is emerging
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the purpose of the organization and
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Group loans are meant specifically
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Officer. If the Field Worker and Cr
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The worker’s degree of mobility d
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credit is disbursed to another woma
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Borrowers Houses with RCC Roof Acti
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Own House Active Borrowers 98.4568
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A Single Difference equation is als
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Table 7.6: Regression results Young
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Table - 7.8 UPAP - Economic Status
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Table - 7.10 UPAP - Household Asset
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Y ij = X ij α + C ij β + M ij γ
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Table 1: Regression results Young B
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to consider young unmarried clients
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influentials and people understand
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Client Profile Most of the women in
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Appendix Chapter 7 Appendix A.7.1 N
Page 226 and 227: Appendix A.7.2 Results from NRSP Su
Page 228 and 229: Table - A. 7.2.6 Housing Characteri
Page 230 and 231: Monthly Expenditure on Health 1526
Page 232 and 233: Table - A. 7.2.16 Women’s Empower
Page 234 and 235: Do you operate Bank account in your
Page 236 and 237: Spouse without your suggestion .6 3
Page 238 and 239: No 17.6 14.1 20.3 9.6 16.7 100.0 15
Page 240 and 241: Appendix A.7.3 UPAP Institutional B
Page 242 and 243: Table - A.7. 4.4 Respondent Charact
Page 244 and 245: Table - A.7. 4.9 Child Education [U
Page 246 and 247: Table - A.7. 4.14 Household Assets
Page 248 and 249: Table - A.7. 4.17 Women’s Empower
Page 250 and 251: Table - A.7. 4.20 Women’s Empower
Page 252 and 253: Table - A.7. 4.23 Borrowers - Loan
Page 254 and 255: Table - A.7. 4.27 Non-Borrower’s
Page 256 and 257: Chapter Eight: Kashf 8.1 Institutio
Page 258 and 259: were introduced at several levels a
Page 260 and 261: Box 8.1 Kashf’s Core Values Servi
Page 262 and 263: issues are in the social theme book
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Page 272 and 273: Table 8. 2 Financing Sources: Septe
Page 274 and 275: We first discuss results based on t
Page 278 and 279: Table - 8.7 KASHF - Business Charac
Page 280 and 281: The results from the estimation of
Page 282 and 283: A total of three focus group discus
Page 284 and 285: The positive impact of the credit w
Page 286 and 287: Appendix Chapter 8 A.8.1.1 Institut
Page 288 and 289: 54 Jawarian R 55 Behra R 56 Sahiwal
Page 290 and 291: A.8.1.5: GESA Activities Initiative
Page 292 and 293: Table - A.8.2.1 Sample Information
Page 294 and 295: Table - A. 8.2.6 Housing Characteri
Page 296 and 297: Table - A. 8.2.12 Sources of Househ
Page 304 and 305: Table - A. 8.2.22 Borrowers - Loan
Page 306 and 307: Table - A. 8.2.27 Non-Borrowers’
Page 308 and 309: Chapter Nine: Conclusions For anyon
Page 310 and 311: are necessary for impact to take pl
Page 312 and 313: Another finding from the survey sug
Page 314 and 315: of the microfinance sector in Pakis
Page 316 and 317: Section 1 - IDENTIFICATION File:
Page 318 and 319: 1.9 Occupation - Primary __________
Page 320 and 321: Section 4a - All Respondents File:
Page 322 and 323: Section 4b - All Respondents File:
Page 324 and 325: Section 5b - All Respondents File:
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Section 7 - Only for Non-Agricultur
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8) Do you regularly pay the loan in
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Section 9 - All Respondents File:
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10.2 Had you wanted to join a progr
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11.7 Business Assets Business Asset
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Section 14 - All Respondents File:
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Section 16,17,18 - All Respondents
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17.2 [If Yes in 17.1], Why you did
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Section 19 - Only for Female Respon
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19.8 Who in your household decides
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Section 20a - Only for Agricultural
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Section 20b - Only for Agricultural
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Page is left intentionally blank Qu
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Appendix: Additional Codes ________
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Bibliography Carolyn Barnes and Jen
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