Social Impact Assessment of Microfinance Programmes - weman

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categories, if any, is not significant. In fact, in no category do we find any significant difference between those who have been in the programme for two years – Active Borrowers – and those who are not in the programme. As in the case of many MFIs, these results do not reflect upon the workings of Akhuwat and nor does it show that microfinance does not work. Rather, as we argue in Chapter 2, the time required for impact to be noticeably observed and quantified, is considerably greater than the period most of our MFIs have been in business for. Table – 5.2 AKHUWAT – Housing Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t-value Significance Level House owners Active Borrowers 78.1250 41.46966 .320 .749 New and Non-Borrowers 76.6667 42.41324 Person per room Active Borrowers 3.0216 1.59794 -2.431 .016 New and Non-Borrowers 3.5179 2.09785 Houses with baked bricks Active Borrowers 98.1250 13.60667 .224 .823 New and Non-Borrowers 97.7778 14.78167 Houses with RCC Roof Active Borrowers 84.3750 36.42322 1.174 .241 New and Non-Borrowers 79.4444 40.52342 Houses with Cemented Floor Active Borrowers 72.5000 44.79162 1.807 .072 New and Non-Borrowers 63.3333 48.32386 Note: There are 160 and 180 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. Table – 5.3 AKHUWAT – Economic Status Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t-value Significance Level Expenditure Per Capita Active Borrowers 1422.3281 577.00095 1.542 .124 New and Non- Borrowers 1328.6200 542.99927 Per Capita Food Expenditure Active Borrowers 693.7873 347.77198 1.764 .079 New and Non- Borrowers 628.9586 329.48707 Income Per Capita Active Borrowers 1531.3474 723.20244 1.638 .102 New and Non- Borrowers 1411.6488 624.06628 Household Asset Score Active Borrowers 7.17 2.458 .154 .878 New and Non- Borrowers 7.13 2.436 Value of household assets Active Borrowers 490050.2239 590787.49174 -.234 .815 15
New and Non- Borrowers 506072.7273 586851.50630 Note: There are 160 and 180 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. Table – 5.4 AKHUWAT – Children Education Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t-value Significance Level School Going Children % Active Borrowers 88.5638 22.03045 -.284 .777 New and Non-Borrowers 89.4712 22.88434 School Going Children - Boys % Active Borrowers 80.3571 36.59394 -1.096 .275 New and Non-Borrowers 86.5385 31.56085 School Going Children - Girls % Active Borrowers 72.2222 39.95302 .186 .852 New and Non-Borrowers 70.9589 41.65733 Children going to Private School % Active Borrowers 51.3514 46.17955 -.475 .635 New and Non-Borrowers 54.2057 45.45854 Monthly Expenditure on Education Active Borrowers 648.1802 910.66177 -.327 .744 New and Non-Borrowers 683.7787 749.64756 Note: There are160 and 180 respondents in each category respectively. t-value greater than 1.6 indicates the mean difference between two categories is statistically significant. The negative t indicates that average value of category 2 is greater than the average value of category 1. Table – 5.5 AKHUWAT – Household Assets Ownership Variables Category Mean Standard Deviation t-value Significance Level Own House Active Borrowers 81.8750 38.64347 .919 .359 New and Non-Borrowers 77.7778 43.00910 Refrigerator Active Borrowers 58.7500 49.38299 .593 .554 New and Non-Borrowers 55.5556 49.82901 Colour TV Active Borrowers 73.7500 45.54009 -.029 .977 New and Non-Borrowers 73.8889 44.04656 Motor Cycle Active Borrowers 20.0000 40.12559 -.252 .801 New and Non-Borrowers 21.1111 40.92354 Prize Bonds Active Borrowers 1.8750 13.60667 .583 .561 New and Non-Borrowers 1.1111 10.51144 Washing Machine Active Borrowers 77.5000 41.88934 1.002 .317 New and Non-Borrowers 72.7778 44.63453 Sewing Machine Active Borrowers 88.7500 31.69727 1.829 .068 New and Non-Borrowers 81.6667 38.80189 Bed with Foam Active Borrowers 26.8750 44.47015 -1.509 .132 New and Non-Borrowers 34.4444 47.65123 Urban Property Active Borrowers 2.5000 15.66151 -.159 .874 New and Non-Borrowers 2.7778 16.47939 Gold Active Borrowers 16.8750 37.57069 -.085 .933 New and Non-Borrowers 17.2222 37.86267 Mobile phone Active Borrowers 53.1250 50.05893 .268 .789 New and Non-Borrowers 51.6667 50.11161 16
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Social Impact Assessment of Microfi
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indicators which are more difficult
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• Since Asasah has been in operat
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Akhuwat • Akhuwat was established
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and economic change in their surrou
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development. NRSP's mandate is to h
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Kashf Urban Poverty Alleviation Pro
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clients’ amounts to Rs.5.6 millio
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Pakistan, Official Poverty Line - R
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Contents Executive Summary Acknowle
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7.5 UPAP Survey Results 7.6 UPAP Re
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microfinance operations. This ordin
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and not other services such as savi
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elow. While we examined the traditi
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Ideally, baseline studies and panel
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members of these organizations are
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Microfinance Branch District/City I
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factor. For this survey, the sample
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loans and might have increased cons
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Chapter Three: Asasah 3.1 Instituti
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insufficient resources. Furthermore
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Figure 3.1: Asasah’s Target Marke
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for SBF, two in Lahore and one in K
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to Regional Managers as the organiz
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undertake thorough research which e
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According to Asasah the only time a
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Figure 3.3 Funding Sources NGO 5% D
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Borrower’, is that client who has
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Note: There are 237 and 273 respond
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orrowers spend less on education by
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Jewellery and livestock were genera
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Appendix Chapter 3 A 3.1.1 Institut
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A3.1.4 Organizational Structure Boa
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Table - A.3.2.4 Respondent Characte
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Table - A.3.2.9 Child Education [AS
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Table - A.3.2.14 Household Assets O
Page 75 and 76: Table - A.3.2.17 Women’s Empowerm
Page 77 and 78: Table - A.3.2.20 Women’s Empowerm
Page 79 and 80: Table - A.3.2.22 Borrowers - Loan A
Page 81 and 82: Table - A.3.2.27 Non-Borrowers’ P
Page 83 and 84: Chapter Four: Orangi Charitable Tru
Page 85 and 86: these, as many as 7,301 units are c
Page 87 and 88: • Loan for Livestock: OCT also su
Page 89 and 90: guarantees of two local entrepreneu
Page 91 and 92: CEBEMO, a Dutch funding agency, has
Page 93 and 94: MFIs claim. Hence, its criteria and
Page 95 and 96: Table - 4.4 OCT - Household Assets
Page 97 and 98: difference, we found that active bo
Page 99 and 100: mainly because they don’t have to
Page 101 and 102: Term/D uration Loan size improveme
Page 103 and 104: Table - A. 4.2.4 Respondent Charact
Page 105 and 106: Average Indebtedness 19300 6375 340
Page 107 and 108: Table - A. 4.2.14 Household Assets
Page 109 and 110: Table - A. 4.2.19 Borrowers’ Perc
Page 111 and 112: Table - A. 4.2.23 Non-Borrowers’
Page 113 and 114: which also became the head office.
Page 115 and 116: problem of group lending is that me
Page 117 and 118: uy insurance, which covers the risk
Page 119 and 120: activities with other NGOs and Soci
Page 121 and 122: 5.1.5.3 Policy Environment As Akhuw
Page 123 and 124: are also working on a marketing pla
Page 125: We first discuss results based on t
Page 129 and 130: Note: There are 160 and 180 respond
Page 131 and 132: From these results we can judge tha
Page 133 and 134: Appendix Chapter 5 A 5..11 Institut
Page 135 and 136: Table - 5.4.2.1 Sample Information
Page 137 and 138: Table - A. 5.2.6 Housing Characteri
Page 139 and 140: Table - A. 5.2.12 Sources of Househ
Page 141 and 142: Table - A. 5.2.16 Women’s Empower
Page 147 and 148: Table - A. 5.2.25 Borrowers’ Perc
Page 149 and 150: Table - A. 5.2.29 Non-Borrower’s
Page 151 and 152: in the contextual needs of the comm
Page 153 and 154: 6.1.4.1 Products and Services Offer
Page 155 and 156: Other filters related to the specif
Page 157 and 158: management reveal the significance
Page 159 and 160: have been chosen from ‘old/establ
Page 161 and 162: School Going Children - Boys % Acti
Page 163 and 164: The Difference in Differences (DID)
Page 165 and 166: Table 1: Regression results Young B
Page 167 and 168: • Participants were also not very
Page 169 and 170: Impact on Quality of Life & Social
Page 171 and 172: Appendix Chapter 6 A.6.1.1 Institut
Page 173 and 174: Sample Information [SAFWCO] Table -
Page 175 and 176: Table - A. 6.2.7 Housing Characteri
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Table - A. 6.2.12 Sources of Househ
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Table - A. 6.2.16 Women’s Empower
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Table - A. 6.2.25 Borrowers’ Perc
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Table - A. 6.2.29 Non-Borrowers’
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incremental growth, it is emerging
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the purpose of the organization and
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Group loans are meant specifically
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Officer. If the Field Worker and Cr
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The worker’s degree of mobility d
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credit is disbursed to another woma
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Borrowers Houses with RCC Roof Acti
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Own House Active Borrowers 98.4568
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A Single Difference equation is als
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Table 7.6: Regression results Young
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Table - 7.8 UPAP - Economic Status
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Table - 7.10 UPAP - Household Asset
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Y ij = X ij α + C ij β + M ij γ
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Table 1: Regression results Young B
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to consider young unmarried clients
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influentials and people understand
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Client Profile Most of the women in
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Appendix Chapter 7 Appendix A.7.1 N
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Appendix A.7.2 Results from NRSP Su
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Table - A. 7.2.6 Housing Characteri
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Monthly Expenditure on Health 1526
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Do you operate Bank account in your
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Spouse without your suggestion .6 3
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No 17.6 14.1 20.3 9.6 16.7 100.0 15
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Appendix A.7.3 UPAP Institutional B
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Table - A.7. 4.4 Respondent Charact
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Table - A.7. 4.9 Child Education [U
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Table - A.7. 4.14 Household Assets
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Table - A.7. 4.17 Women’s Empower
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Table - A.7. 4.20 Women’s Empower
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Table - A.7. 4.23 Borrowers - Loan
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Table - A.7. 4.27 Non-Borrower’s
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Chapter Eight: Kashf 8.1 Institutio
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were introduced at several levels a
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Box 8.1 Kashf’s Core Values Servi
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issues are in the social theme book
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usiness address, attest to experien
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the learning centre has been set up
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development and undertaken market s
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information has not been integrated
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Table 8. 2 Financing Sources: Septe
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We first discuss results based on t
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Table - 8.7 KASHF - Business Charac
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The results from the estimation of
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A total of three focus group discus
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The positive impact of the credit w
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Appendix Chapter 8 A.8.1.1 Institut
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54 Jawarian R 55 Behra R 56 Sahiwal
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A.8.1.5: GESA Activities Initiative
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Table - A.8.2.1 Sample Information
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Table - A. 8.2.6 Housing Characteri
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Table - A. 8.2.12 Sources of Househ
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Table - A. 8.2.22 Borrowers - Loan
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Table - A. 8.2.27 Non-Borrowers’
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Chapter Nine: Conclusions For anyon
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are necessary for impact to take pl
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Another finding from the survey sug
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of the microfinance sector in Pakis
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Section 1 - IDENTIFICATION File:
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1.9 Occupation - Primary __________
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Section 4a - All Respondents File:
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Section 4b - All Respondents File:
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Section 5b - All Respondents File:
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Section 7 - Only for Non-Agricultur
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8) Do you regularly pay the loan in
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Section 9 - All Respondents File:
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10.2 Had you wanted to join a progr
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11.7 Business Assets Business Asset
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Section 14 - All Respondents File:
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Section 16,17,18 - All Respondents
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17.2 [If Yes in 17.1], Why you did
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Section 19 - Only for Female Respon
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19.8 Who in your household decides
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Section 20a - Only for Agricultural
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Section 20b - Only for Agricultural
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Page is left intentionally blank Qu
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Appendix: Additional Codes ________
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Bibliography Carolyn Barnes and Jen
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