Social Impact Assessment of Microfinance Programmes - weman

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communities through sustainable economic development activities. Details of this portfolio are presented below. 6.1.3 Organizational Structure Under the leadership of the Chief Executive Director, each portfolio is headed by Programme Managers who are responsible for the design, conceptualization and coordination of their respective programmes. Implementation responsibilities are mainly given to the field office teams which include the Programme Officer and Assistant programme officers for each area. The client dealing and recovery process is managed by the branch offices while the Head Office focuses on tracking the overall status of operations. The operations of 3 Branch Offices are overseen by a Senior Manager who is responsible for day-to-day guidance/decision making to all portfolios as well as the administrative functioning of the office. The management and leadership receives strong governance support from a General Body of 29 members and more directly by the Board of Governors (see Appendix 1). At present, SAFWCO operates with a workforce of approximately 350 persons across its 22 offices. It has dedicated a team of 63 members for its Credit and Enterprise Development programme working in urban and rural areas. 6.1.4 Programmatic Portfolio To meet the overall goals, the Credit and Enterprise Development programme constitute of Microcredit, Savings and Resource Mobilization, Capacity Building for Enterprise Development and Microcredit Initiatives for NGOs/CBOs. Currently, microcredit initiatives for individuals and capacity building on key areas are completely active. The savings programme is carried out only at a small-scale where clients are convinced to make savings from their day to day domestic expenses and develop as many tangible and intangible assets as possible. SAFWCO articulates its principles and policies for microcredit as: • Affordable services for low-income groups • Greater outreach to the general public • Minimal risks for new entrepreneurs • Loan pay back systems are nurturing towards small businesses • Increased and easily accessible opportunities for the economically disenfranchised groups to support them in gaining economic power. In view of these stated principles, SAFWCO has designed the following mechanisms and strategies for microcredit. Details on each aspect follow. 3
6.1.4.1 Products and Services Offered There are five main products offered by SAFWCO. A unique feature of all the products is, that they are designed according to the contextual and economic realities and needs of its clients. • Handicraft Loan: As indicative from its name, a handicraft loan is offered to support traditional craftsmanship and the retailing of Sindhi products, such as embroidery, rilli-making, ajrak dyeing, mirror work, cap making, etc. The amount offered ranges between Rs. 2-4000. These loans are commonly availed by women in Mitiari and Hyderabad, and with highest payment rates. These small loans support them in buying raw material like threads, mirrors, etc. • Livestock Loans: With a 60 percent share, this is the most popular product of SAFWCO especially in the vicinities of Bhit Shah and Shahdadpur since these areas provide daily dairy supplies all over Hyderabad, Sanghar and Mitiari districts. The amount of loans range from Rs. 4-10,000. In the subsequent rounds, the credit amount can be stretched up to Rs 25,000 depending on the performance of units. Under this product, SAFWCO provides loans for agricultural activities also. • Trade and Retail Loans: This product is more common in urban areas where small entrepreneurs are supported to expand their existing business and enterprise. If the application is strong in terms of social collateral, credit is given to start up new businesses also. The amount of loans range from Rs. 5-30,000; however, a loan of more than Rs. 10,000 is not processed in the first round. • Enterprise Development Fund: This is the latest product of SAFWCO directly responding to the needs individuals or groups having a long and positive credit history with the organization. After paying off several rounds of small loans, many clients felt constrained by the small amounts of loan offered by SAFWCO which was helpful in running or sustaining the business; however, they could not plan massive expansion with a maximum of Rs. 25-30,000 only. Launched at a very small scale, SAFWCO introduced Enterprise Development Fund under which Rs. 30-100,000 can be borrowed. With this, SAFWCO is also venturing into institutionalized savings and insurance schemes. • Festival Loans: This product also falls under the small loans category with a maximum range of Rs. 10,000. The loan is offered purely for familial and cultural festivities like marriages, births, crop cutting, religious festivals, etc. Again, this product is hugely popular in families barely above the poverty line as it helps them in meeting their social needs and standing. 4
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Social Impact Assessment of Microfi
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indicators which are more difficult
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• Since Asasah has been in operat
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Akhuwat • Akhuwat was established
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and economic change in their surrou
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development. NRSP's mandate is to h
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Kashf Urban Poverty Alleviation Pro
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clients’ amounts to Rs.5.6 millio
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Pakistan, Official Poverty Line - R
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Contents Executive Summary Acknowle
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7.5 UPAP Survey Results 7.6 UPAP Re
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microfinance operations. This ordin
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and not other services such as savi
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elow. While we examined the traditi
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Ideally, baseline studies and panel
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members of these organizations are
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Microfinance Branch District/City I
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factor. For this survey, the sample
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loans and might have increased cons
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Chapter Three: Asasah 3.1 Instituti
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insufficient resources. Furthermore
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Figure 3.1: Asasah’s Target Marke
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for SBF, two in Lahore and one in K
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to Regional Managers as the organiz
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undertake thorough research which e
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According to Asasah the only time a
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Figure 3.3 Funding Sources NGO 5% D
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Borrower’, is that client who has
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Note: There are 237 and 273 respond
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orrowers spend less on education by
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Jewellery and livestock were genera
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Appendix Chapter 3 A 3.1.1 Institut
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A3.1.4 Organizational Structure Boa
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Table - A.3.2.4 Respondent Characte
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Table - A.3.2.9 Child Education [AS
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Table - A.3.2.14 Household Assets O
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Table - A.3.2.17 Women’s Empowerm
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Table - A.3.2.20 Women’s Empowerm
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Table - A.3.2.22 Borrowers - Loan A
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Table - A.3.2.27 Non-Borrowers’ P
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Chapter Four: Orangi Charitable Tru
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these, as many as 7,301 units are c
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• Loan for Livestock: OCT also su
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guarantees of two local entrepreneu
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CEBEMO, a Dutch funding agency, has
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MFIs claim. Hence, its criteria and
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Table - 4.4 OCT - Household Assets
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difference, we found that active bo
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mainly because they don’t have to
Page 101 and 102: Term/D uration Loan size improveme
Page 103 and 104: Table - A. 4.2.4 Respondent Charact
Page 105 and 106: Average Indebtedness 19300 6375 340
Page 107 and 108: Table - A. 4.2.14 Household Assets
Page 109 and 110: Table - A. 4.2.19 Borrowers’ Perc
Page 111 and 112: Table - A. 4.2.23 Non-Borrowers’
Page 113 and 114: which also became the head office.
Page 115 and 116: problem of group lending is that me
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Page 119 and 120: activities with other NGOs and Soci
Page 121 and 122: 5.1.5.3 Policy Environment As Akhuw
Page 123 and 124: are also working on a marketing pla
Page 125 and 126: We first discuss results based on t
Page 127 and 128: New and Non- Borrowers 506072.7273
Page 129 and 130: Note: There are 160 and 180 respond
Page 131 and 132: From these results we can judge tha
Page 133 and 134: Appendix Chapter 5 A 5..11 Institut
Page 135 and 136: Table - 5.4.2.1 Sample Information
Page 137 and 138: Table - A. 5.2.6 Housing Characteri
Page 139 and 140: Table - A. 5.2.12 Sources of Househ
Page 141 and 142: Table - A. 5.2.16 Women’s Empower
Page 149 and 150: Table - A. 5.2.29 Non-Borrower’s
Page 151: in the contextual needs of the comm
Page 155 and 156: Other filters related to the specif
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Page 159 and 160: have been chosen from ‘old/establ
Page 161 and 162: School Going Children - Boys % Acti
Page 163 and 164: The Difference in Differences (DID)
Page 165 and 166: Table 1: Regression results Young B
Page 167 and 168: • Participants were also not very
Page 169 and 170: Impact on Quality of Life & Social
Page 171 and 172: Appendix Chapter 6 A.6.1.1 Institut
Page 173 and 174: Sample Information [SAFWCO] Table -
Page 175 and 176: Table - A. 6.2.7 Housing Characteri
Page 177 and 178: Table - A. 6.2.12 Sources of Househ
Page 187 and 188: Table - A. 6.2.29 Non-Borrowers’
Page 189 and 190: incremental growth, it is emerging
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Page 193 and 194: Group loans are meant specifically
Page 195 and 196: Officer. If the Field Worker and Cr
Page 197 and 198: The worker’s degree of mobility d
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Page 201 and 202: Borrowers Houses with RCC Roof Acti
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Own House Active Borrowers 98.4568
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A Single Difference equation is als
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Table 7.6: Regression results Young
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Table - 7.8 UPAP - Economic Status
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Table - 7.10 UPAP - Household Asset
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Y ij = X ij α + C ij β + M ij γ
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Table 1: Regression results Young B
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to consider young unmarried clients
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influentials and people understand
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Client Profile Most of the women in
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Appendix Chapter 7 Appendix A.7.1 N
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Appendix A.7.2 Results from NRSP Su
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Table - A. 7.2.6 Housing Characteri
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Monthly Expenditure on Health 1526
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Table - A. 7.2.16 Women’s Empower
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Do you operate Bank account in your
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Spouse without your suggestion .6 3
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No 17.6 14.1 20.3 9.6 16.7 100.0 15
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Appendix A.7.3 UPAP Institutional B
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Table - A.7. 4.4 Respondent Charact
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Table - A.7. 4.9 Child Education [U
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Table - A.7. 4.14 Household Assets
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Table - A.7. 4.17 Women’s Empower
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Table - A.7. 4.20 Women’s Empower
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Table - A.7. 4.23 Borrowers - Loan
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Table - A.7. 4.27 Non-Borrower’s
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Chapter Eight: Kashf 8.1 Institutio
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were introduced at several levels a
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Box 8.1 Kashf’s Core Values Servi
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issues are in the social theme book
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usiness address, attest to experien
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the learning centre has been set up
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development and undertaken market s
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information has not been integrated
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Table 8. 2 Financing Sources: Septe
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We first discuss results based on t
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Table - 8.7 KASHF - Business Charac
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The results from the estimation of
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A total of three focus group discus
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The positive impact of the credit w
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Appendix Chapter 8 A.8.1.1 Institut
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54 Jawarian R 55 Behra R 56 Sahiwal
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A.8.1.5: GESA Activities Initiative
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Table - A.8.2.1 Sample Information
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Table - A. 8.2.6 Housing Characteri
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Table - A. 8.2.12 Sources of Househ
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Table - A. 8.2.22 Borrowers - Loan
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Table - A. 8.2.27 Non-Borrowers’
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Chapter Nine: Conclusions For anyon
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are necessary for impact to take pl
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Another finding from the survey sug
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of the microfinance sector in Pakis
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Section 1 - IDENTIFICATION File:
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1.9 Occupation - Primary __________
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Section 4a - All Respondents File:
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Section 4b - All Respondents File:
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Section 5b - All Respondents File:
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Section 7 - Only for Non-Agricultur
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8) Do you regularly pay the loan in
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Section 9 - All Respondents File:
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10.2 Had you wanted to join a progr
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11.7 Business Assets Business Asset
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Section 14 - All Respondents File:
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Section 16,17,18 - All Respondents
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17.2 [If Yes in 17.1], Why you did
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Section 19 - Only for Female Respon
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19.8 Who in your household decides
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Section 20a - Only for Agricultural
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Section 20b - Only for Agricultural
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Page is left intentionally blank Qu
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Appendix: Additional Codes ________
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___________________________________
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Bibliography Carolyn Barnes and Jen
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