document title / titre du document TRP W ORK PLAN ... - emits - ESA

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TRP Work Plan 2005-2007 Description of Activities TEC-SB/7935/dc 12/Feb/09 1.4 - Platforms/ Other Instruments TRP Reference: Title: T104-02EE Very large space antenna aperture - architecture trade off Earth observation and telecommunication antennas operating at low frequencies require large aperture in order to provide the required directivity. This activity will investigate innovative ways to generate very large aperture in space. Beside Reflect Arrays (RA) and Direct Radiating Arrays (DRA), innovative concept such as smart skins and lenses including only very compact switches and phase shifters (amplifiers being located on the spacecraft) can allow for drastic cost reduction in generating large aperture. Such innovative concepts are one order of magnitude less sensitive to surface errors thanks to phase compensation at elementary radiator level. An investigation of not continuous aperture like sparse array possibly coupled with Digital Beam Forming techniques and surface generated by formation flying satellite shall also be studied in the frame of this activity. Deliverables: Architecture trade-off report. Design report. No breadboarding (done in next activity). Current TRL: TRL1 Target TRL: TRL2 Application Need/Date: TRL5 by 2010 Application/Mission: P-band Radar Contract Duration: 12 months SW Clause : - Dossier0 Ref.: T-7625, T-373 Consistency with Harmonisation Roadmap and Conclusions: Page 27 of 227
TRP Work Plan 2005-2007 Description of Activities TEC-SB/7935/dc 12/Feb/09 TRP Reference: T104-11FP Autonomous High Data Rate Secured Downlink System - Breadboard (Old title: High Title: Data Rate Downlink Data Processor Chain – Breadboard) Security for Earth Observation (EO) systems including the space borne assets is one of the urgently to be addressed topics. In addition guarantee the safety of the space assets the integrity and originality of the data from observation by space borne platforms up to delivery to users on ground needs to be implemented. This classically includes security in uplinks and downlinks and after reception on ground. A study on link protection for EO systems (recently conducted by ESA, Contract No. 17176/03/NL/GS) showed, that currently no agreed security concept for the space/ground links exist. The existing ESA Packet Telecommand Decoder standard foresees only a very weak authentication scheme. Secure communication shall incorporate as minimum means for self-authentication, key agreement, message authentication and en-/decryption of telemetry data. Typically the high rate downlink is secured by encryption and message authentication. The encryption and authentication keys for the downlink are classically generated on ground and sent to the space platform via a command uplink, which needs then be highly secured. This is a feasible approach but requires the design of both a secured high rate downlink and a highly secured low rate up- and downlink. Also it requires a bi-directional communication link for the key exchange and authentication. Some ground stations are not providing real-time full duplex communication. A secured downlink system should be as far as feasible decoupled from the requirements of the command/control links, taking into account, that evaluation, standardization, development and implementation of a secured command and control link will take some years time from the current view. There are algorithms existing that provide secure key exchange and authentication by using a unidirectional link, only. Elliptic Curve (EC) based cryptography today is regarded as high secure implementation of the standard techniques. An EC based unidirectional scheme could provide the necessary level of security for a unidirectional link. The keys for encryption and authentication could in principle be generated on-board. This requires a cryptographically reliable key generator to be implemented space compliant. By combining both EC based unidirectional key exchange/authentication and on-board key generation an autonomous secured downlink system can be designed, which is decoupled from the security requirements of the command uplink. This could allow a straightforward “Sensor to User” end-to-end security concept. The currently used downlink systems provide some 100 Mbit/s data rate. The applied algorithms and protocols shall therefore be suitable for high rate implementation. The study objective is to identify alternative and optimised solutions for future applications in EO downlink systems and shall comprise following elements: • Analysis of Security requirements for downlink systems including the on ground part; • Design of a high rate secured downlink system with selection of appropriate algorithms and protocols; • Breadboard (BB) implementation of core technology to demonstrate feasibility of high rate application as well as space compliance. Deliverables: System Requirements Document, Breadboard of core elements + test report and test results evaluation. Current TRL: TRL1 Target TRL: TRL3-4 Application Need/Date: TRL5 by 2008-2009 Application/Mission: EO, other programmes Contract Duration: 18 months SW Clause : - Dossier0 Ref.: T-7794 Consistency with Harmonisation Roadmap and Conclusions: Page 28 of 227
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