Examination of Firearms Review: 2007 to 2010 - Interpol

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
 ABSTRACT
 323
2.
 BIOLOGICAL
TRACE
EVIDENCE
 323
2.1
 Introduction
 323
2.2
 Biological
traces
 323
2.3
 Detection
of
traces
 324
2.3.1
 Fluorescence
spectroscopy
 324
2.3.2
 Raman
spectroscopy
 325
2.3.3
 XRF
 325
2.4
 Recovery
of
traces
 326
3.
 EVIDENCE
IDENTIFICATION
 326
3.1
 Introduction
 326
3.2
 Blood
 327
3.2.1
 Current
confirmatory
techniques
 327
3.2.2
 Emerging
and
future
techniques
 328
3.3
 Semen
 329
3.3.1
 Current
confirmatory
techniques
 329
3.3.2
 Emerging
and
future
techniques
 329
3.4
 Other
body
fluids
 330
3.4.1
 Saliva
 330
3.4.2
 Vaginal
fluid
 331
3.4.3
 Urine
 331
3.4.4
 Sweat
 331
3.5
 RNA
as
a
tool
for
evidence
identification
 331
3.5.1
 mRNA
 331
3.5.2
 MicroRNA
 332
4.
 EVIDENCE
INDIVIDUALIZATION
 332
4.1
 Introduction
 332
4.2
 DNA
typing
 332
4.3
 Epigenetics
 333
4.4
 Short
Tandem
Repeats
 333
4.5
 Single
Nucleotide
Polymorphisms
 334
4.6
 Polymerase
Chain
Reaction
 334
321