Examination of Firearms Review: 2007 to 2010 - Interpol

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TABLE OF CONTENTS  1.  INTRODUCTION  381  2.  AUTHENTICATION (GEOFF SMITH)  381  3.  SPEAKER IDENTIFICATION (MATTHEW GRAVES)  383  4.  AUDIO ENHANCEMENT, RELATED AUDIO FIELDS, LABORATORY PROCEDURES AND  WORKING GROUPS (CARL KRIIGEL)  386  5.  RELATED FIELDS OF AUDIO EVIDENCE  387  6.  LABORATORY PROCEDURES  388  7.  U.S. REPORT ON FORENSIC SCIENCE  389  8.  WORKING GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS  389  9.  ACKNOWLEDGMENT  390  10.  REFERENCES:  390            380 
1. Introduction This review focuses on Forensic Audio Analysis and the advances in technology during the past three years. The principal topics covered are divided into five sections: Authentication, Speaker Identification, Audio Enhancement, Related Fields of Audio Evidence, and Working Groups and Organizations. The selection of specific sections to be reviewed was based on a broad literature review of approximately 100 references which was further refined. For most of the references the authors reviewed the complete articles; however, the abstracts were sufficient for a small number of reviews. Over the past few years there have been several areas of substantial research and publication. One area of interest is the use of Electronic Network Frequency (ENF) analysis for authentication of audio recordings. Work has been on-going for several years in Europe, while in the United States, research has been started in an effort to implement this technique. Additionally there have been various projects dedicated to testing automated speaker identification systems and developing better methods for speaker identification as well as research projects relating to speaker identification, each of which help strengthen the current state of the science. There also appears to be an increased focus on forensic audio procedures as more laboratories have requirements for forensic laboratory accreditation and practitioner certification. In the United States there is extensive discussion in the forensic science community in response to the 2009 release of the U. S. National Academy of Sciences released report entitled “Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward.” 2. Authentication (Geoff Smith)   The authentication method garnering the most attention is the use of Electric Network Frequency (ENF) analysis that was first proposed by Grigoras in 2003 (1). It has been called the “'biggest breakthrough since Watergate [1972 U.S. political scandal]” (2) in the field of audio authentication. In this method, the frequency changes of the mains hum (50 Hz or 60 Hz depending on location) in a digital recording are compared to a historical database of the mains frequency changes. Depending on the conditions, it is possible to provide details about the recording including the date and time the ENF corresponds to, the geographical area the ENF corresponds to, if the recording is original or copied, and the continuity of the recording. For current methodologies see Grigoras (3) and Cooper (4). These methodologies include ENF database collection, extraction of the ENF data from a recording, and an automated procedure for matching the extracted data to the historical database. ENF analysis has been tested in both continental Europe by Brixen (5), Michalek (6), and           381 
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16th International Forensic Science
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Preface Forensic Science is playing
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CRIMINALISTICS   1 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  1.  INTR
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1. Introduction This review paper c
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ullets. Although one would expect b
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A classic example of subclass chara
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Collaborative Testing Services, Inc
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Chu et al. realized a pilot study f
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court rulings on their website (56)
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ay mapping to restore or detect obl
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2.4 Shooting Incident Reconstructio
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it should not affect any DNA residu
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indicator of homicide vs. suicide.
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Another case report was published b
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2.6 Training Material & Books Since
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arium - no antimony. This precludes
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indicating that care must be taken
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shooting incident reconstruction. U
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gaseous state), we see now a divers
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4. References 1. National Research
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30. Brinck TB. Comparing the Perfor
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55. Koch A, Katterwe H. Castings of
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89. Lorin de la Grandmaison G, Ferm
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120. Biedermann A, Bozza S, Taroni
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149. Joshi M, Delgado Y, Guerra P,
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Table of Contents 1.  INTRODUCTIO
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1. Introduction The examinations of
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purpose of this study. Examiners ha
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(19), which involved “Lightning L
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gel lifter, followed by a white one
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unused, deck shoes of poor manufact
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impression analysis. Biedermann and
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Other articles in this area of auto
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Preparation of the appropriate tool
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three manufacturing processes exami
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3.5 The Examination of Stabbing and
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casework samples, and that the lack
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anomalies can be found in suspect s
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Another case of document examinatio
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In a previous work, Baharum et al (
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(16) Hamiel J and Yoshida JS. Evalu
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(57) Patil PM and Kulkarni JV. Rota
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(87) Eisenmann DJ and Chumbley LS.
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(118) De Smet P. 2D/3D Fracture-Mat
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Examination of Glass Review: 2007 t
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1. Introduction This review covers
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science. The goal of this committee
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higher sensitivity than x-ray fluor
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caution about the environmental sen
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etained the largest number of glass
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4.2 Optical Measurements There have
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Additional scientists working in th
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fragments unless having been in rec
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7. Acknowledgements The assistance
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23. Hicks T, Schütz F, Curran JM,
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48. Green DA, Sheedy A. The Case of
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83. Rodriguez-Celis EM, Gornushkin
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Examination of Paint Review: 2007 t
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8.  FORENSIC PAINT STUDIES 
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1. Introduction This is a review of
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electrocoat process for an entire a
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metallic, Titanium Silver metallic,
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its Fairfax plant in Kansas City, K
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2.1.14 Kia Korean automaker Kia is
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The XL7 was the largest vehicle mad
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newest edition to the Sparkle Silve
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6. Marine and Protective Coatings I
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independent accrediting organizatio
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supported a conclusion that the red
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as well as to low concentration org
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12. Mass Spectrometry Techniques Py
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transmission spectra. Bacci and coa
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found Raman effective at establishi
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XRD and Raman spectroscopy were com
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Natural versus artificial ultramari
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could be distinguished from lower m
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A review by Dawson discusses the ba
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[26] Hippler R. BMW, Spartanburg, S
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[70] Honda to boost CR-V, end Civic
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[109] Silver tops car color choice.
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[140] Wright D, Bradley M, Mehltret
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[164] Pereira F, Bueno M. Evaluatio
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[185] Bacci M, Magrini D, Picollo M
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[207] Lutzenberger K, Stege H. From
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[228] Nevin A, Comelli D, Valentini
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[250] Bertolino S, Jusa V, Carreras
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[271] Roldán C, Murcia-Mascarós S
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[292] Herrera L, Montalbani S, Chia
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[313] Frade J, Ribeiro M, Graca J,
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[331] Peris-Vicente J, Garrido-Medi
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[352] Pappalardo L, Pappalardo G, R
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[374] Georgiou S, Anglos D, Fotakis
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  TABLE OF CONTENTS  1. I
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that should be included in a forens
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Palmer [10] described a case where
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4. Textile/ fibre damage Was-Gubala
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case for separate examinations of t
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polymeric backbone of colourless fi
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Gallo and Almirall [48] applied mic
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- not only to identify the perpetra
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33. Dillinger S. Video Imaging - Ne
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Forensic Geology Review: 2007 to 20
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1. Introduction This review article
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analyzed using spectrophotometer, a
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examined the application of petrogr
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and victim recover dogs to search f
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13. References 1 Sugita R, Suzuki S
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24 Matsuyama Y, Goto T, Harama T. C
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45 Reyes S, Molina CM, Ballesteros
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65 Pringle JK, Jervis JR, Tuckwell
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90 Murray RC. Forensic Geology: Ear
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HUMAN IDENTIFICATION   221 
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper
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1 Introduction This paper offers a
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mathematically based models to asse
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subject of several articles (88-91)
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and scaling of marks), encoding (an
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Studies on general characteristics
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fingerprint, FVC2002 DB1), and the
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A doctoral thesis (131) investigate
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identifications is reported in Mich
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Busey and Loftus discuss bias in ey
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Furthermore, the authors propose to
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Fourier transform infrared spectros
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Wood & James investigated the persi
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The successful modification of a co
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Other reagents Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1
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donor was asked to deposit fingerma
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donors were left on various substra
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2.2.6 Nanoparticles (nanopowders an
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interactions. According to the auth
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The application of an amino acid re
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all the samples. SPR logically fail
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2.2.11 Detection of fingermarks on
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know if the mark was originally mad
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lift blood fingermarks from several
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triethylamine and ethanolamine vapo
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The use of DEZ-1 allowed a decontam
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prior to being processed. It should
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effect of heat on DNA. During their
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cyanoacrylate fuming, sudan black,
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normally exposed images subsequentl
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The use of FTIR has also been propo
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Zhang et al. showed that it was pos
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visible contrast (this principle is
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and ninety inked impressions were s
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pathological conditions that render
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The use of heat (using a hair drier
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(12) J. J. Raymond, "Friction Ridge
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(49) L. Bush, "The Authority of Fin
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(82) A. Gyaourova and A. Ross, "A N
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(114) J. Zhou, F. L. Chen, N. N. Wu
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(147) M. Vatsa, R. Singh, A. Noore,
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(185) G. Langenburg, "A Performance
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(219) O. P. Jasuja, M. A. Toofany,
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(250) A. A. Cantu, "Nanoparticles i
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(280) E. L. T. Patton, D. H. Brown,
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(314) D. McDonald, H. Pope, and G.
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(347) J. R. A. Smith, "An Image Thi
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(376) S. R. Habib and N. N. Kamal,
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(410) A. Barbaro and P. Cormaci, "D
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  TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.  ABSTRAC
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1. Abstract   This review focuses
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2.3.2 Raman spectroscopy Raman spec
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Table 1. Composition of body fluids
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Page 337 and 338: all tissues of the same body provid
Page 339 and 340: can be used. PCR is a cyclic proces
Page 341 and 342: quantifiable measures of reliabilit
Page 343 and 344: 6.2 Mini-STRs   Improving the suc
Page 345 and 346: 7. References   1 Fourney RM, Des
Page 347 and 348:   27 Santana QC, Coetzee MPA, Ste
Page 349 and 350:   53 Mulero JJ, Chang CW, Lagacé
Page 351 and 352: Examination of  346  Question
Page 353 and 354: 1. Introduction This paper aims at
Page 355 and 356: e) Finally in the specific field of
Page 357 and 358: 3.3.3 GC and/or MS Techniques: •
Page 359 and 360: Zlotnick et al [108] suggests the u
Page 361 and 362: Hrivnak et al [153] described a rap
Page 363 and 364: These automatic methods will be bas
Page 365 and 366: 14. Miscellaneous In this part we d
Page 367 and 368: [15] Derek L. Hammond - Skill based
Page 369 and 370: [43] Donald T. Gantz, John J. Mille
Page 371 and 372: [72] Irina Geiman, John R. Lombardi
Page 373 and 374: [97] Stephanie M. Houlgrave, Gerald
Page 375 and 376: [121] Shimoyama, M. - IR imaging of
Page 377 and 378: [149] Magdalena Ezcurra - Is atomic
Page 379 and 380: [178] Dr. Eckhard Koch - The digita
Page 381 and 382: [209] Yoshihisa Kitano, Toshiharu E
Page 383: Audio Analysis Review : 2007-2010 C
Page 387 and 388: differences between analog and digi
Page 389 and 390: Occasionally, limited information m
Page 391 and 392: variety of methods to assess the
Page 393 and 394: Group also produced a document for
Page 395 and 396:   8. Huijbregtse M, Geradts Z. Us
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Page 399 and 400:   51. Koenig B, Lacey D. Evaluati
Page 401 and 402: Digital Analysis Review : 2007-2010
Page 403 and 404: 6.6  Virtualisation  413  7.
Page 405 and 406: 2.3 Security and Encryption Bluetoo
Page 407 and 408: Kuncik states that counter forensic
Page 409 and 410: The Report poses two very important
Page 411 and 412: performing digital forensic examina
Page 413 and 414: Navigation devices are increasingly
Page 415 and 416: government labs could be counterpro
Page 417 and 418: 6.6 Virtualisation Davis states tha
Page 419 and 420: 23 Chval Keith G (2009) Information
Page 421 and 422: 62 Nutter, Beverley Pinpointing Tom
Page 423 and 424: CHEMICAL EVIDENCE   419 
Page 425 and 426: TABLE OF CONTENTS  1.INTRODUC
Page 427 and 428: 2. Fire scene examination 2.1 Site
Page 429 and 430: instructions on the label on the to
Page 431 and 432: 39 The distinction between natural
Page 433 and 434: considering examining the total ion
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about forensic applications of ambi
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etween pairs of diesels whereas pri
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ignition. Therefore aims have been
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A novel model for prediction of a m
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more likely they are to become a fr
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ENFSI collaborative testing program
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11. Rerefences 1. Sandercock PML. F
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36. Palmiere C, Staub C, La Harpe R
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69. Lu Y, Chen P, Harrington PB. Co
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102.Coulson S, Morgan-Smith R, Mitc
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138.Joseph G. Combustible dusts: A
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Analysis and Detection of Explosive
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1. Introduction and Coverage of the
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evidence gathered at a bombing scen
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compounds were also examined by Ade
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last traces of explosives and Mou
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Sample Preparation, Sample Recovery
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[25] Svatopluk Zeman, Waldemar A. T
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[42] Kunz, Roderick R.; Gregory, Ke
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[59] Jeffrey A. Caulfield; Thomas J
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[75] E. Schramm; F. Mühlberger; S.
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[93] Sarah J. Benson, Christopher J
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[113] Monterola MP, Smith BW, Omene
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[131] Alexander Portnov, Salman Ros
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[151] Ulrich M. Rieger, Daniel F. K
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[169] Christian Bohling, Konrad Hoh
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[187] Zhou Zhen, Chen An-Tao and Fe
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[207] C.E. Demonchy, M. Caamaño, H
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[220] S. Pesente, G. Nebbia, G. Vie
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[238] Abu B. Kanu and Herbert H. Hi
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[257] Husáková L, Srámková J, S
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[278] K.W. Loschke and W.L. Dunn De
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[296] Dae-Sik Kim; Lynch, Vincent M
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[314] Jimmie C. Oxley,James L. Smit
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Environmental: Soil [331] Neera Sin
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[350] Weixi Zheng, Joseph Lichwa, M
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[368] Anat Bernstein, Eilon Adar, Z
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[387] Orghici, R., Willer, U. Giers
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[407] J. Paca, M. Halecky, J. Barta
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[425] Hongyan Chen, Tonglai Zhang a
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[444] Xinghua Xie , Jing Zhu and Hu
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[465] Ling Qiu and Heming Xiao Mole
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[484] H. Muthurajan, R. Sivabalan,
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[504] Mrinal Kanti Mandal, Sukalyan
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[526] Kiyanda, Charles B.; Short, M
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Journal of Hazardous Materials Volu
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[564] Papazoglou IA, Aneziris O, Ko
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  1.  EXEC
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the type of weapon used is often mo
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decontaminate the site to limit the
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successful identification of ricin.
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The same technique has been used to
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Biomarkers or new analytical method
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mass spectrometry (TIMS) method and
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source material (such as toxic plan
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complete set of small-molecule meta
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One technique to decontaminate evid
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10 Morrish BC, Wenger E. The Austra
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39 Larsson CL, Seid T, Djeffal S, G
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61 Evans RA, Jakubowski EM, Muse WT
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84 Beyer J, Drummer OH, Maurer HH.
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109 Mol HGJ, Plaza-Bolanos P, Zomer
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131 Wilkinson DA, Hulst AG, De Reuv
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Environmental crime Review : 2007 -
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AFO - animal feedi
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1. Introduction This environmental
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Burns et al. provided an overview o
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‘polluter pays’ dynamic, the me
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Morrison published a two-part criti
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Table 1. Topics in Selected Environ
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3.2 recent books and papers Hester
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Table 3. Recent Papers in the Field
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Table 3. Recent Papers in the Field
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4. Electronic waste Electronic wast
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need for increased enforcement of t
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samples was studied and indicated t
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Concentrations (TTLC). Phones were
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Table 4. Publications from the Town
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Bradford et al. provided a thorough
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wastewater leak and ground water sa
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antibiotic, that list the genes, th
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8. Directive 2002/95/EC of the Euro
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37. Harrell M, Lisa JJ, Votaw CL. F
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72. Morrison RD. Critical Review of
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105. Sun P, Gao Z, Zhou Q, Zhao Y,
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133. Li J, Yang Y, Chen H, Xiao G-q
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166. Bandyopadhyay A. Indian Initia
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196. Region 7 Concentrated Animal F
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225. Meays CL, Broersma K, Nordin R
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Toxicology Review : 2007 - 2010 Com
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3. ADVANCES IN TOXICOLOGICAL
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1. INTRODUCTION    Forensic t
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ate with increase of BAC, with the
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stand [20]. In Norway, an impairmen
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accuracy for all the separate tests
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corresponded to the percentage of i
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(27.7%), and opioids (13.8%). A 7-y
Page 629 and 630:
2.2 Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault
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the length (20 cm) of the hair show
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(SPE)-LC-MS/MS methods for the anal
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2.5% percentiles bear a high risk o
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users, obtaining positive results i
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2.4 Emergence of New Drugs of Abuse
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mediated by dopaminergic mechanisms
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analgesics [182]. An epidemic of fa
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showed that lifetime use of ketamin
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lood carboxyhemoglobin, and the cau
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contributions to the overall combin
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0.3 to 2.0 V, to produce an optimal
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achiral separation of methadone, ED
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extraction efficiency for certain d
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The testing of the FAEE (such as et
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3.3.4 Chemical warfare agents Organ
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compounds indicated that the main p
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used most frequently [375]. A compa
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2 ng/mL of 19-NA was concluded to b
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sports. A method was described for
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urine [408]. To overcome matrix eff
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The stability of several drugs and
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cut-off of 30 pg/mg scalp hair (mea
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The differentiation between systemi
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pOHMAMP identified 6 additional neo
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and postmortem changes from the tim
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ains, with very low concentrations
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3.5.1.3 Other drugs Carbon monoxide
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and parathion were reported, with p
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EtG in blood samples during putrefa
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CYP3A4, resulting in inhibited meta
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ASCLD/LAB, the world’s largest ac
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11 Simic M, Tasic M. The relationsh
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36 DRUID Project. Analytical evalua
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60 Ojaniemi KK, Lintonen TP, Impine
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89 Hall J, Goodall EA, Moore T. All
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113 Abraham TT, Barnes AJ, Lowe RH,
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136 Alvarez I, Bermejo AM, Taberner
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156 Ewald AH, Ehlers D, Maurer HH.
Page 707 and 708:
178 Sauer C, Peters FT, Haas C, Mey
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203 Romanelli F, Smith KM. Dextrome
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226 Dulaurent S, Moesch C, Marquet
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246 Pelander A, Tyrkkö E, Ojanper
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265 Gottardo R, Bortolotti F, De Pa
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288 Juhascik MP, Jenkins AJ. Compar
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308 Altun Z, Hjelmström A, Abdel-R
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329 Kharbouche H, Sporkert F, Troxl
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348 McGuire JM, Taylor JT, Byers CE
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368 Zhang F, Tang MH, Chen LJ, Li R
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390 Virus ED, Sobolevsky TG, Rodche
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413 Gallardo E, Queiroz JA. The rol
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437 Marchei E, Muñoz JA, García-A
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458 Concheiro-Guisan M, Shakleya DM
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482 Kiely E, Lee CJ, Marinetti L. A
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507 Zilg B, Alkass K, Berg S, Druid
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Drug Evidence Review : 2007-2010 U.
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1.24  Methcathinone (Also met
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7.8  Mass Spectrometry (inclu
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10. Nic Daeid N, Buchanan HAS, Sava
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1.1. Amphetamine (including substit
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67. Kubicz EJ, Allen L. Studies on
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92. Ray R, Sharma JD, Limaye SN. Va
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114. Xu YZ, Lin HR, Lua AC, Chen C.
Page 755 and 756:
137. Casale JF, Orlando PM, Colley
Page 757 and 758:
163. Pistos C, Karampela S, Papouts
Page 759 and 760:
188. Westphal F, Junge T, Roesner P
Page 761 and 762:
209. Yamamoto K, Kojima M, Iguchi H
Page 763 and 764:
231. Wodak A. What caused the recen
Page 765 and 766:
255. Krizevski R, Dudai N, Bar E, L
Page 767 and 768:
278. Chou SL, Ling YC, Yang MH, Pai
Page 769 and 770:
304. Radwan MM, ElSohly MA, Slade D
Page 771 and 772:
1.25 Methylenedioxyamphetamines and
Page 773 and 774:
352. Tsujikawa K, Kuwayama K, Miyag
Page 775 and 776:
376. Dittbrenner A, Mock HP, Borner
Page 777 and 778:
07442854 AE Council of Scientific a
Page 779 and 780:
424. Elliott S, Smith C. Investigat
Page 781 and 782:
449. Stenzel JR, Jiang G. Identific
Page 783 and 784:
469. Kauppila TJ, Talaty N, Jackson
Page 785 and 786:
494. Piggee C. Investigating a not-
Page 787 and 788:
516. Salum Pires AP, Rodrigues De O
Page 789 and 790:
536. Chen YY, Liu JJ, Tang KW. Stud
Page 791 and 792:
553. Cox M, Klass G, Wei Min Koo C.
Page 793 and 794:
579. Pan ZR, Zheng HG, Wang TW, Son
Page 795 and 796:
597. Norman K. Improvised container
Page 797 and 798:
609. Schwarz M, Klier B, Sievers H.
Page 799 and 800:
624. Lociciro S, Esseiva P, Hayoz P
Page 801 and 802:
5.5 Methamphetamine: 649. Billault
Page 803 and 804:
670. Schneiders S, Holdermann T, Da
Page 805 and 806:
695. Lock CM, Meier-Augenstein W. I
Page 807 and 808:
715. Okada T, Nakamura Y, Kanaya S,
Page 809 and 810:
6.5 Miscellaneous: 737. Gratz SR, Z
Page 811 and 812:
756. Mala Z, Slampova A, Gebauer P,
Page 813 and 814:
782. Fan WZ, Zhang Y, Carr PW, Ruta
Page 815 and 816:
805. Huttunen J, Dawson M, Roux C,
Page 817 and 818:
828. Campbell GP, Curran JM, Miskel
Page 819 and 820:
852. Puchert T, Lochmann D, Menezes
Page 821 and 822:
875. Collins M, Cawley A, Salouros
Page 823 and 824:
901. Martin AN, Farquar GR, Jones A
Page 825 and 826:
925. Wiseman JM, Laughlin BC. Desor
Page 827 and 828:
950. Wang T, Shao K, Chu QY, Ren YF
Page 829 and 830:
974. Kang XJ, Chen LQ, Zhang YY, Li
Page 831 and 832:
996. Hodge TA. Method and apparatus
Page 833 and 834:
1019. Ramsey SA, Mustacich RV, Smit
Page 835 and 836:
1044. Fernandez FM, Green MD, Newto
Page 837 and 838:
1070. Wadell-Smith R, McGuffin VL.
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