Examination of Firearms Review: 2007 to 2010 - Interpol

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6.4 Alternative DNA amplification methods   Currently the PCR amplification method is used in forensic DNA analysis. However methods based on PCR are considered to be complex because it requires sophisticated and expensive equipment and skilled operators to perform the assay 36 . PCR may introduce false positive results from nonspecific amplification or allelic drop-in (due to slippage, following a random genetic drift model 43 ) because of the thermal cycling steps 36 . Furthermore PCR does not have true multiplexing properties 60 . Therefore the forensic community has to be aware of alternative DNA amplification methods that are being developed. For example whole genome amplification (WGA) can be used to amplify all the DNA in a sample 34 . An alternative to PCR is rolling circle amplification (RCA). Hatch et al 61 proposed to use RCA in order to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). RCA provides highly specific DNA sequence recognition and intense signal amplification from small starting probes, and can be used to perform parallel screening of DNA for SNPs. Recently Su et al 36 described the use of RCA in combination with magnetic beads and electrochemiluminescence to detect point mutations (e.g. SNPs). They demonstrated that RCA could be used to discriminate between two alleles and can be applicable for the detection of a variety of biorelated markers. 6.5 Mobile technologies   The above mentioned future developments are noteworthy, nevertheless there is one development expected to revolutionize current DNA casework: the application of mobile DNA profiling technologies. Such an instrument is described by Hopwood et al 62 , which uses an integrated microfluidic system for the analysis of multiplex STR DNA profiles from reference buccal samples. Until now routine analysis of DNA reference samples (e.g. buccal swabs) have to undergo laboratory testing, which means that the samples have to be transported from the police force to a forensic laboratory. To assure this transportation process is efficient police forces store the samples until they have enough samples to dispatch. This step is time consuming therefore an advantage of a portable instrument would be the ability to process reference samples in for example a police custody suite, assuring immediate analysis of samples. The development of such mobile technologies has been discussed for many years. Integrated microfluidic systems, also called micro total analysis systems (microTAS) have demonstrated to be successful modules for DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and capillary electrophoresis (CE), offering a tremendous potential for miniaturizing and integrating DNA analysis in forensic STR analysis. However some improvements are required if the systems are to be used for probative means, nevertheless they can be used as a tool to provide some probable cause in the apprehension of potential perpetrators whose profiles have been previously entered into a DNA database 63 . The biggest challenge of microTAS is the extraction of DNA from a crude cell lysate and processing it into a full DNA profile without operator intervention (which would make it relatively simple to use). To ensure that a full DNA profile is obtained a number of variables were identified as critical: sample collection, DNA extraction, PCR efficiency, PCR recovery, and robustness of the CE detection instrumentation 62 . The major cause of variation in the system’s output is the input, for different samples taken from different individuals have different quantities of cells, releasing different quantities of DNA upon lysis.   340 
7. References   1 Fourney RM, DesRoches AN, Buckle JL. Biological Evidence and Forensic DNA Profiling. Interpol’s Forensic Science Review 2007 2 Virkler K, Lednev IK. Analysis of body fluids for forensic purposes: From laboratory testing to non-destructive rapid confirmatory identification at a crime scene. Forensic Science International 2009 March; 188:1-17 3 Shand NC. Tackling field-portable Raman spectroscopy of real world samples. Proceedings of the SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering 2008; 7119:71190J-71190J-12 4 Barash M, Reshef A, Brauner P. The Use of Adhesive Tape for Recovery of DNA from Crime Scene Items. Journal of Forensic Sciences 2010; Doi:10.1111/j.556- 4029.2010.01416.x 5 Toothman MH, Kester KM, Champagne J, Dawson Cruz T, Street IV WS, Brown BL. Characterization of human DNA in environmental samples. Forensic Science International 2008; 178:7-15 6 Laux DL. Custis SE. Forensic Detection of Semen III. Detection of PSA Using Membrane Based Tests: Sensitivity Issues with Regards to the Presence of PSA in Other Body Fluids http://www.semenonpanties.com/Reference/PSA_in_other_fluids.pdf 7 RSID - http://www.ifi-test.com/rsid_blood.php 8 Alvarez M, Juusola J, Ballantyne J. An mRNA and DNA co-isolation method for forensic casework samples. Analytical Biochemistry 2004; 335:289-298 9 Juusola J, Ballantyne J. Multiplex mRNA profiling for the identification of body fluids. Forensic Science International 2005; 152:1-12 10 Haas C, Klesser B, Kratzer A, Bar W. mRNA profiling for body fluid identification, Forensic Science International: Genetics 2008; 1:37-38 11 Bauer M, Patzelt D. Evaluation of mRNA Markers for the Identification of Menstrual Blood. Journal of Forensic Sciences 2002 November; 47 (6):1-5 12 Fleming RI. Harbison SA. The development of a mRNA multiplex RT-PCR assay for the definitive identification of body fluids. Forensic Science International: Genetics 2009. Doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.10.006 13 Zubakov D, Hanekamp E, Kokshoorn M, IJcken W, Kayser M. Stable RNA markers for identification of blood and saliva stains revealed from whole genome expression analysis of time-wise degraded samples. International Journal of Legal Medicine 2008; 122:135-142     341 
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16th International Forensic Science
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Preface Forensic Science is playing
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CRIMINALISTICS   1 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  1.  INTR
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1. Introduction This review paper c
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ullets. Although one would expect b
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A classic example of subclass chara
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Collaborative Testing Services, Inc
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Chu et al. realized a pilot study f
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court rulings on their website (56)
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ay mapping to restore or detect obl
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2.4 Shooting Incident Reconstructio
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it should not affect any DNA residu
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indicator of homicide vs. suicide.
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Another case report was published b
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2.6 Training Material & Books Since
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arium - no antimony. This precludes
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indicating that care must be taken
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shooting incident reconstruction. U
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gaseous state), we see now a divers
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4. References 1. National Research
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30. Brinck TB. Comparing the Perfor
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55. Koch A, Katterwe H. Castings of
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89. Lorin de la Grandmaison G, Ferm
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120. Biedermann A, Bozza S, Taroni
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149. Joshi M, Delgado Y, Guerra P,
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Table of Contents 1.  INTRODUCTIO
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1. Introduction The examinations of
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purpose of this study. Examiners ha
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(19), which involved “Lightning L
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gel lifter, followed by a white one
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unused, deck shoes of poor manufact
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impression analysis. Biedermann and
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Other articles in this area of auto
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Preparation of the appropriate tool
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three manufacturing processes exami
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3.5 The Examination of Stabbing and
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casework samples, and that the lack
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anomalies can be found in suspect s
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Another case of document examinatio
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In a previous work, Baharum et al (
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(16) Hamiel J and Yoshida JS. Evalu
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(57) Patil PM and Kulkarni JV. Rota
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(87) Eisenmann DJ and Chumbley LS.
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(118) De Smet P. 2D/3D Fracture-Mat
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Examination of Glass Review: 2007 t
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1. Introduction This review covers
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science. The goal of this committee
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higher sensitivity than x-ray fluor
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caution about the environmental sen
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etained the largest number of glass
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4.2 Optical Measurements There have
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Additional scientists working in th
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fragments unless having been in rec
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7. Acknowledgements The assistance
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23. Hicks T, Schütz F, Curran JM,
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48. Green DA, Sheedy A. The Case of
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83. Rodriguez-Celis EM, Gornushkin
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Examination of Paint Review: 2007 t
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8.  FORENSIC PAINT STUDIES 
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1. Introduction This is a review of
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electrocoat process for an entire a
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metallic, Titanium Silver metallic,
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its Fairfax plant in Kansas City, K
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2.1.14 Kia Korean automaker Kia is
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The XL7 was the largest vehicle mad
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newest edition to the Sparkle Silve
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6. Marine and Protective Coatings I
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independent accrediting organizatio
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supported a conclusion that the red
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as well as to low concentration org
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12. Mass Spectrometry Techniques Py
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transmission spectra. Bacci and coa
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found Raman effective at establishi
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XRD and Raman spectroscopy were com
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Natural versus artificial ultramari
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could be distinguished from lower m
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A review by Dawson discusses the ba
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[26] Hippler R. BMW, Spartanburg, S
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[70] Honda to boost CR-V, end Civic
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[109] Silver tops car color choice.
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[140] Wright D, Bradley M, Mehltret
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[164] Pereira F, Bueno M. Evaluatio
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[185] Bacci M, Magrini D, Picollo M
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[207] Lutzenberger K, Stege H. From
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[228] Nevin A, Comelli D, Valentini
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[250] Bertolino S, Jusa V, Carreras
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[271] Roldán C, Murcia-Mascarós S
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[292] Herrera L, Montalbani S, Chia
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[313] Frade J, Ribeiro M, Graca J,
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[331] Peris-Vicente J, Garrido-Medi
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[352] Pappalardo L, Pappalardo G, R
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[374] Georgiou S, Anglos D, Fotakis
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  TABLE OF CONTENTS  1. I
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that should be included in a forens
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Palmer [10] described a case where
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4. Textile/ fibre damage Was-Gubala
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case for separate examinations of t
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polymeric backbone of colourless fi
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Gallo and Almirall [48] applied mic
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- not only to identify the perpetra
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33. Dillinger S. Video Imaging - Ne
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Forensic Geology Review: 2007 to 20
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1. Introduction This review article
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analyzed using spectrophotometer, a
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examined the application of petrogr
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and victim recover dogs to search f
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13. References 1 Sugita R, Suzuki S
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24 Matsuyama Y, Goto T, Harama T. C
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45 Reyes S, Molina CM, Ballesteros
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65 Pringle JK, Jervis JR, Tuckwell
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90 Murray RC. Forensic Geology: Ear
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HUMAN IDENTIFICATION   221 
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper
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1 Introduction This paper offers a
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mathematically based models to asse
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subject of several articles (88-91)
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and scaling of marks), encoding (an
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Studies on general characteristics
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fingerprint, FVC2002 DB1), and the
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A doctoral thesis (131) investigate
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identifications is reported in Mich
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Busey and Loftus discuss bias in ey
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Furthermore, the authors propose to
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Fourier transform infrared spectros
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Wood & James investigated the persi
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The successful modification of a co
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Other reagents Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1
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donor was asked to deposit fingerma
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donors were left on various substra
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2.2.6 Nanoparticles (nanopowders an
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interactions. According to the auth
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The application of an amino acid re
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all the samples. SPR logically fail
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2.2.11 Detection of fingermarks on
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know if the mark was originally mad
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lift blood fingermarks from several
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triethylamine and ethanolamine vapo
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The use of DEZ-1 allowed a decontam
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prior to being processed. It should
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effect of heat on DNA. During their
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cyanoacrylate fuming, sudan black,
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normally exposed images subsequentl
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The use of FTIR has also been propo
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Zhang et al. showed that it was pos
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visible contrast (this principle is
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Page 297 and 298: The use of heat (using a hair drier
Page 299 and 300: (12) J. J. Raymond, "Friction Ridge
Page 301 and 302: (49) L. Bush, "The Authority of Fin
Page 303 and 304: (82) A. Gyaourova and A. Ross, "A N
Page 305 and 306: (114) J. Zhou, F. L. Chen, N. N. Wu
Page 307 and 308: (147) M. Vatsa, R. Singh, A. Noore,
Page 309 and 310: (185) G. Langenburg, "A Performance
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Page 313 and 314: (250) A. A. Cantu, "Nanoparticles i
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Page 319 and 320: (347) J. R. A. Smith, "An Image Thi
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Page 325 and 326:   TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.  ABSTRAC
Page 327 and 328: 1. Abstract   This review focuses
Page 329 and 330: 2.3.2 Raman spectroscopy Raman spec
Page 331 and 332: Table 1. Composition of body fluids
Page 333 and 334: used in the RT reaction. The expres
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Page 339 and 340: can be used. PCR is a cyclic proces
Page 341 and 342: quantifiable measures of reliabilit
Page 343: 6.2 Mini-STRs   Improving the suc
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Page 349 and 350:   53 Mulero JJ, Chang CW, Lagacé
Page 351 and 352: Examination of  346  Question
Page 353 and 354: 1. Introduction This paper aims at
Page 355 and 356: e) Finally in the specific field of
Page 357 and 358: 3.3.3 GC and/or MS Techniques: •
Page 359 and 360: Zlotnick et al [108] suggests the u
Page 361 and 362: Hrivnak et al [153] described a rap
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Page 365 and 366: 14. Miscellaneous In this part we d
Page 367 and 368: [15] Derek L. Hammond - Skill based
Page 369 and 370: [43] Donald T. Gantz, John J. Mille
Page 371 and 372: [72] Irina Geiman, John R. Lombardi
Page 373 and 374: [97] Stephanie M. Houlgrave, Gerald
Page 375 and 376: [121] Shimoyama, M. - IR imaging of
Page 377 and 378: [149] Magdalena Ezcurra - Is atomic
Page 379 and 380: [178] Dr. Eckhard Koch - The digita
Page 381 and 382: [209] Yoshihisa Kitano, Toshiharu E
Page 383 and 384: Audio Analysis Review : 2007-2010 C
Page 385 and 386: 1. Introduction This review focuses
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  8. Huijbregtse M, Geradts Z. Us
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  28. Liao Y, Zhuang Z, Yang J. M
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  51. Koenig B, Lacey D. Evaluati
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Digital Analysis Review : 2007-2010
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6.6  Virtualisation  413  7.
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2.3 Security and Encryption Bluetoo
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Kuncik states that counter forensic
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The Report poses two very important
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performing digital forensic examina
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Navigation devices are increasingly
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government labs could be counterpro
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6.6 Virtualisation Davis states tha
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23 Chval Keith G (2009) Information
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62 Nutter, Beverley Pinpointing Tom
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CHEMICAL EVIDENCE   419 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  1.INTRODUC
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2. Fire scene examination 2.1 Site
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instructions on the label on the to
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39 The distinction between natural
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considering examining the total ion
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about forensic applications of ambi
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etween pairs of diesels whereas pri
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ignition. Therefore aims have been
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A novel model for prediction of a m
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more likely they are to become a fr
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ENFSI collaborative testing program
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11. Rerefences 1. Sandercock PML. F
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36. Palmiere C, Staub C, La Harpe R
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69. Lu Y, Chen P, Harrington PB. Co
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102.Coulson S, Morgan-Smith R, Mitc
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138.Joseph G. Combustible dusts: A
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Analysis and Detection of Explosive
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1. Introduction and Coverage of the
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evidence gathered at a bombing scen
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compounds were also examined by Ade
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last traces of explosives and Mou
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Sample Preparation, Sample Recovery
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[25] Svatopluk Zeman, Waldemar A. T
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[42] Kunz, Roderick R.; Gregory, Ke
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[59] Jeffrey A. Caulfield; Thomas J
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[75] E. Schramm; F. Mühlberger; S.
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[93] Sarah J. Benson, Christopher J
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[113] Monterola MP, Smith BW, Omene
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[131] Alexander Portnov, Salman Ros
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[151] Ulrich M. Rieger, Daniel F. K
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[169] Christian Bohling, Konrad Hoh
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[187] Zhou Zhen, Chen An-Tao and Fe
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[207] C.E. Demonchy, M. Caamaño, H
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[220] S. Pesente, G. Nebbia, G. Vie
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[238] Abu B. Kanu and Herbert H. Hi
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[257] Husáková L, Srámková J, S
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[278] K.W. Loschke and W.L. Dunn De
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[296] Dae-Sik Kim; Lynch, Vincent M
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[314] Jimmie C. Oxley,James L. Smit
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Environmental: Soil [331] Neera Sin
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[350] Weixi Zheng, Joseph Lichwa, M
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[368] Anat Bernstein, Eilon Adar, Z
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[387] Orghici, R., Willer, U. Giers
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[407] J. Paca, M. Halecky, J. Barta
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[425] Hongyan Chen, Tonglai Zhang a
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[444] Xinghua Xie , Jing Zhu and Hu
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[465] Ling Qiu and Heming Xiao Mole
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[484] H. Muthurajan, R. Sivabalan,
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[504] Mrinal Kanti Mandal, Sukalyan
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[526] Kiyanda, Charles B.; Short, M
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Journal of Hazardous Materials Volu
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[564] Papazoglou IA, Aneziris O, Ko
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  1.  EXEC
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the type of weapon used is often mo
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decontaminate the site to limit the
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successful identification of ricin.
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The same technique has been used to
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Biomarkers or new analytical method
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mass spectrometry (TIMS) method and
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source material (such as toxic plan
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complete set of small-molecule meta
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One technique to decontaminate evid
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10 Morrish BC, Wenger E. The Austra
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39 Larsson CL, Seid T, Djeffal S, G
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61 Evans RA, Jakubowski EM, Muse WT
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84 Beyer J, Drummer OH, Maurer HH.
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109 Mol HGJ, Plaza-Bolanos P, Zomer
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131 Wilkinson DA, Hulst AG, De Reuv
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Environmental crime Review : 2007 -
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AFO - animal feedi
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1. Introduction This environmental
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Burns et al. provided an overview o
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‘polluter pays’ dynamic, the me
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Morrison published a two-part criti
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Table 1. Topics in Selected Environ
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3.2 recent books and papers Hester
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Table 3. Recent Papers in the Field
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Table 3. Recent Papers in the Field
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4. Electronic waste Electronic wast
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need for increased enforcement of t
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samples was studied and indicated t
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Concentrations (TTLC). Phones were
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Table 4. Publications from the Town
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Bradford et al. provided a thorough
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wastewater leak and ground water sa
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antibiotic, that list the genes, th
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8. Directive 2002/95/EC of the Euro
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37. Harrell M, Lisa JJ, Votaw CL. F
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72. Morrison RD. Critical Review of
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105. Sun P, Gao Z, Zhou Q, Zhao Y,
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133. Li J, Yang Y, Chen H, Xiao G-q
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166. Bandyopadhyay A. Indian Initia
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196. Region 7 Concentrated Animal F
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225. Meays CL, Broersma K, Nordin R
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Toxicology Review : 2007 - 2010 Com
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3. ADVANCES IN TOXICOLOGICAL
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1. INTRODUCTION    Forensic t
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ate with increase of BAC, with the
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stand [20]. In Norway, an impairmen
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accuracy for all the separate tests
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corresponded to the percentage of i
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(27.7%), and opioids (13.8%). A 7-y
Page 629 and 630:
2.2 Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault
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the length (20 cm) of the hair show
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(SPE)-LC-MS/MS methods for the anal
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2.5% percentiles bear a high risk o
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users, obtaining positive results i
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2.4 Emergence of New Drugs of Abuse
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mediated by dopaminergic mechanisms
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analgesics [182]. An epidemic of fa
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showed that lifetime use of ketamin
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lood carboxyhemoglobin, and the cau
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contributions to the overall combin
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0.3 to 2.0 V, to produce an optimal
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achiral separation of methadone, ED
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extraction efficiency for certain d
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The testing of the FAEE (such as et
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3.3.4 Chemical warfare agents Organ
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compounds indicated that the main p
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used most frequently [375]. A compa
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2 ng/mL of 19-NA was concluded to b
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sports. A method was described for
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urine [408]. To overcome matrix eff
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The stability of several drugs and
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cut-off of 30 pg/mg scalp hair (mea
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The differentiation between systemi
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pOHMAMP identified 6 additional neo
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and postmortem changes from the tim
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ains, with very low concentrations
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3.5.1.3 Other drugs Carbon monoxide
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and parathion were reported, with p
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EtG in blood samples during putrefa
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CYP3A4, resulting in inhibited meta
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ASCLD/LAB, the world’s largest ac
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11 Simic M, Tasic M. The relationsh
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36 DRUID Project. Analytical evalua
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60 Ojaniemi KK, Lintonen TP, Impine
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89 Hall J, Goodall EA, Moore T. All
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113 Abraham TT, Barnes AJ, Lowe RH,
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136 Alvarez I, Bermejo AM, Taberner
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156 Ewald AH, Ehlers D, Maurer HH.
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178 Sauer C, Peters FT, Haas C, Mey
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203 Romanelli F, Smith KM. Dextrome
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226 Dulaurent S, Moesch C, Marquet
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246 Pelander A, Tyrkkö E, Ojanper
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265 Gottardo R, Bortolotti F, De Pa
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288 Juhascik MP, Jenkins AJ. Compar
Page 719 and 720:
308 Altun Z, Hjelmström A, Abdel-R
Page 721 and 722:
329 Kharbouche H, Sporkert F, Troxl
Page 723 and 724:
348 McGuire JM, Taylor JT, Byers CE
Page 725 and 726:
368 Zhang F, Tang MH, Chen LJ, Li R
Page 727 and 728:
390 Virus ED, Sobolevsky TG, Rodche
Page 729 and 730:
413 Gallardo E, Queiroz JA. The rol
Page 731 and 732:
437 Marchei E, Muñoz JA, García-A
Page 733 and 734:
458 Concheiro-Guisan M, Shakleya DM
Page 735 and 736:
482 Kiely E, Lee CJ, Marinetti L. A
Page 737 and 738:
507 Zilg B, Alkass K, Berg S, Druid
Page 739 and 740:
Drug Evidence Review : 2007-2010 U.
Page 741 and 742:
1.24  Methcathinone (Also met
Page 743 and 744:
7.8  Mass Spectrometry (inclu
Page 745 and 746:
10. Nic Daeid N, Buchanan HAS, Sava
Page 747 and 748:
1.1. Amphetamine (including substit
Page 749 and 750:
67. Kubicz EJ, Allen L. Studies on
Page 751 and 752:
92. Ray R, Sharma JD, Limaye SN. Va
Page 753 and 754:
114. Xu YZ, Lin HR, Lua AC, Chen C.
Page 755 and 756:
137. Casale JF, Orlando PM, Colley
Page 757 and 758:
163. Pistos C, Karampela S, Papouts
Page 759 and 760:
188. Westphal F, Junge T, Roesner P
Page 761 and 762:
209. Yamamoto K, Kojima M, Iguchi H
Page 763 and 764:
231. Wodak A. What caused the recen
Page 765 and 766:
255. Krizevski R, Dudai N, Bar E, L
Page 767 and 768:
278. Chou SL, Ling YC, Yang MH, Pai
Page 769 and 770:
304. Radwan MM, ElSohly MA, Slade D
Page 771 and 772:
1.25 Methylenedioxyamphetamines and
Page 773 and 774:
352. Tsujikawa K, Kuwayama K, Miyag
Page 775 and 776:
376. Dittbrenner A, Mock HP, Borner
Page 777 and 778:
07442854 AE Council of Scientific a
Page 779 and 780:
424. Elliott S, Smith C. Investigat
Page 781 and 782:
449. Stenzel JR, Jiang G. Identific
Page 783 and 784:
469. Kauppila TJ, Talaty N, Jackson
Page 785 and 786:
494. Piggee C. Investigating a not-
Page 787 and 788:
516. Salum Pires AP, Rodrigues De O
Page 789 and 790:
536. Chen YY, Liu JJ, Tang KW. Stud
Page 791 and 792:
553. Cox M, Klass G, Wei Min Koo C.
Page 793 and 794:
579. Pan ZR, Zheng HG, Wang TW, Son
Page 795 and 796:
597. Norman K. Improvised container
Page 797 and 798:
609. Schwarz M, Klier B, Sievers H.
Page 799 and 800:
624. Lociciro S, Esseiva P, Hayoz P
Page 801 and 802:
5.5 Methamphetamine: 649. Billault
Page 803 and 804:
670. Schneiders S, Holdermann T, Da
Page 805 and 806:
695. Lock CM, Meier-Augenstein W. I
Page 807 and 808:
715. Okada T, Nakamura Y, Kanaya S,
Page 809 and 810:
6.5 Miscellaneous: 737. Gratz SR, Z
Page 811 and 812:
756. Mala Z, Slampova A, Gebauer P,
Page 813 and 814:
782. Fan WZ, Zhang Y, Carr PW, Ruta
Page 815 and 816:
805. Huttunen J, Dawson M, Roux C,
Page 817 and 818:
828. Campbell GP, Curran JM, Miskel
Page 819 and 820:
852. Puchert T, Lochmann D, Menezes
Page 821 and 822:
875. Collins M, Cawley A, Salouros
Page 823 and 824:
901. Martin AN, Farquar GR, Jones A
Page 825 and 826:
925. Wiseman JM, Laughlin BC. Desor
Page 827 and 828:
950. Wang T, Shao K, Chu QY, Ren YF
Page 829 and 830:
974. Kang XJ, Chen LQ, Zhang YY, Li
Page 831 and 832:
996. Hodge TA. Method and apparatus
Page 833 and 834:
1019. Ramsey SA, Mustacich RV, Smit
Page 835 and 836:
1044. Fernandez FM, Green MD, Newto
Page 837 and 838:
1070. Wadell-Smith R, McGuffin VL.
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Examination of Firearms Review: 2007 to 2010 - Interpol

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