Examination of Firearms Review: 2007 to 2010 - Interpol

Table 4. Publications from the Townsend Research Group, University of Florida,
Gainesville
Title, Author (s), Year Description of Research and Results
Impact of Electronic Waste
Disposal on Lead
Concentrations in Landfill
Leachate 195
E Spalvins, B Dubey, and T
Townsend
2008
8. Biological waste
increased the cost of analysis
Created simulated landfills in large columns using a
manufactured municipal solid waste (MSW) in five
columns and excavated waste and soil in the sixth
column; identical sets of e-waste were added to three of
the manufactured MSW columns, and dechlorinated tap
water was added to all columns on nearly 30 occasions;
analysis of extracts from the columns indicated lead
concentrations between columns with e-waste were not
statistically significant when compared with lead
concentrations in the control columns
8.1 Concentrated animal feeding operations (cafos)
Animal Feeding Operations (AFOs) are defined as agricultural operations where
animals are kept and raised in a confined area. 196 Animals live and grow in a
production setting that contains feed, excrement, and sometimes dead animals, all in a
limited space. The US EPA has defined AFOs by animal confinement times and the
lack of natural vegetation in the confined area. Concentrated Animal Feeding
Operations (CAFOs) must meet the definition of an AFO, and, in addition, CAFOs must
meet one of the specific regulatory definitions for small, medium, or large CAFOs.
CAFOs may be regulated by the US EPA under the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) which is a part of the Clean Water Act. 196-198
8.1.1 Environmental Impacts
CAFOs are a concern in the environment due to the large amounts of waste produced
from the confined animal productions. Potential problems include leaking, leaching, or
runoff from manure stockpiles or storage pits, which can contaminate ground water and
fresh water sources. 199, 200 Water contamination is not the sole concern; emissions of
gases and particulate matter from the production facilities may cause harm to human
health.
Water Environment Research publishes several annual reviews on the types of
pollutants that can contaminate surface or ground water. Several review papers
address the contaminants that can originate from agricultural waste and the detection of
chemicals or pathogens in the environment. 201-209
Lee et al. prepared an in-depth review of the effect of agricultural antimicrobials and
hormones on soil and surface and ground waters. The authors covered the use and
occurrence, sorption, degradation, transport processes, and ecological and health
effects of the chemicals. Analytical methods and suggestions for future research were
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