Examination of Firearms Review: 2007 to 2010 - Interpol

segment proximal to the scalp.
An LC-MS procedure has been developed for the determination of
methylphenidate in hair of treated children [437]. Using 20 mg hair per assay,
hair methylphenidate concentrations varied from 0.15 to 4.17 ng/mg hair, with
decreasing drug concentration in distal hair segment. A 2D GC-MS method
was described for the analysis of fentanyl in hair [438]. With an LOQ of 5
pg/mg, the fentanyl concentrations detected in four hair samples collected at
autopsy were 12, 17, 490, and 1930 pg/mg. An assay of citalopram,
escitalopram, and their demethylated metabolites in 10-mg hair samples has
been developed using LC-MS/MS, with LOQs of 25 pg/mg for all analytes [439].
Neonatal hair samples from two real cases of gestational exposure were
analyzed using this method to document their in utero exposure to the drugs.
Hair analyses of two non-fatal cases of intoxication with pesticides, namely
alachlor and carbofuran, were reported. Alachlor was detected for the 5
segments in the range of 12 to 136 pg/mg in the first case while carbofuran
and 3-hydroxycarbofuran were detected at concentrations of 207 and 164
pg/mg, respectively, for the second case [440]. The chronic exposure of
different working population groups in Greece to common currently used
pesticides (diazinon, fenthion, methyl parathion and malathion) and two
banned pesticides [hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and DDT] was studied
through hair analysis [441]. GC-ECD and GC-MS analyses of the liquid extract
of the pulverized hair determined that the median concentrations of total HCHs
and DDTs detected in the three working groups were: 95.0 and 8.9 pg/mg for
the greenhouse workers, 38.2 and 3.3 pg/mg for the animal breeders, and 24.1
and 5.2 pg/mg for the open cultivation group.
Determination of 8 anabolic steroids (methyltestosterone, stanozolol,
methandienone, nandrolone, trenbolone, boldenone, methenolone, and DHEA,
which were administered intraperitoneally) in guinea pig hair has been
developed using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS [442]. The peak concentrations in
hair were found on days 2-4, except stanozolol, which peaked on day 10. In
another similar study by analyzing full-length hair samples from volunteers to
study the physiological concentration of anabolic steroids, the physiological
concentrations of testosterone were in the range of 0.8-24.2 pg/mg, 0.1-16.8
pg/mg, and 0.2-11.5 pg/mg in males, females, and children, respectively, and
were very much lower than the mean values of dehydroepiandrosterone [443].
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