Examination of Firearms Review: 2007 to 2010 - Interpol

Table of Contents
1.
 INTRODUCTION
 51
2
 FOOTWEAR
AND
TIRE‐TREAD
IMPRESSIONS
 51
2.1
 Detection
and
Recording
 52
2.1.1
 Photography
and
Image
Processing
 52
2.1.2
 Lifting
and
Casting
 54
2.1.3
 Shoeprints
in
Blood
 55
2.1.4
 Chemical
Enhancement
 57
2.1.6
 Shoeprints
and
Tire‐tracks
in
Snow
 57
2.1.6
 Imprints
on
Miscellaneous
Surfaces
 58
2.2
 Manufacturing
Processes
and
Outsoles
Design
 58
2.3
 Tire
Tracks
 59
2.4
 Test
Impressions
 59
2.5
 The
Evidential
Value
of
Shoeprints
Examination
 60
2.6
 Databases,
Reference
Collections
and
Automated
Classification
 61
2.7
 Miscellaneous
 63
3.
 TOOLMARKS
 63
3.1
 Casting
and
Reproduction
Methods
 64
3.2
 Observation
and
Imaging
Methods
 65
3.3
 Marks
Produces
by
Various
Types
of
Tools
 66
3.4
 Examination
of
Consecutively­Manufactured
Tools
 68
3.5
 The
Examination
of
Stabbing
and
Cutting
Marks
 69
3.6
 Evidential
Value
of
Toolmark
Examination
 70
3.7
 Miscellaneous
Issues
 72
4.
 PHYSICAL
MATCH
 73
5.
 RESTORATION
OF
OBLITERATED
MARKS
 75
5.1
 Steel
surfaces
 75
5.2
 Aluminium
alloy
surfaces
 76
5.3
 Laser
engraved
marks
 77
5.4
 X­Ray
Radiography
 77
49