We Energies Coal Combustion Products ... - The White House

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Table 4-39: Results for Chloride Ion Permeability from Cores Core Designation 600-A Test Slice Location Top Middle Bottom Maximum Current During Test (Amperes) 0.054 0.044 0.041 Actual Total Charge Passed (Coulombs) 1132 943 840 Average Total Charge Passed (Coulombs) Overall Average Total Charge Passed (Coulombs) AASHTO Chloride Permeability Equivalent ** Top 0.037 772 Top: 1056 918 Very Low Middle 0.035 761 Middle: 600-B 798 Bottom 0.045 900 Bottom: 900 600-C 1900-A Top Middle Bottom Top Middle Bottom 0.064 0.033 0.045 0.018 0.019 0.023 1263 690 961 365 353 481 Top 0.018 351 Top: 376 391 Very Low Middle 0.018 363 Middle: 1900-B 372 Bottom 0.020 401 Bottom: 424 1900-C 3100-A Top Middle Bottom Top Middle Bottom 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.009 0.011 412 400 391 181 202 212 Top 0.010 200 Top: 181 188 Very Low Middle 0.009 180 Middle: 3100-B 184 Bottom 0.010 210 Bottom: 198 3100-C Notes: Top Middle Bottom 0.008 0.008 0.009 162 170 172 * Per AASHTO T-277 Cores 600A, B, C are from mixture S3: 20% ASTM C618, Class C Fly Ash Concrete ** > 4,000 = High Cores 1900 A, B, C are from mixture S2: 50% ASTM C618, Class C Fly Ash Concrete 2,000 - 4,000 = Moderate Cores 3100 A, B, C are from mixture S1: 40% ASTM C618 Class F Fly Ash Concrete 1,000 - 2,000 = Low 100 - 1,000 + Very Low
Table 4-40: Abrasion Resistance of High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete Specimens Time of Depth of Wear, mm Abrasion, Sec. PPPP, 20% PPPP, 50% OCPP, 40% 50 0.559 0.581 0.853 100 0.798 0.961 1.318 150 0.961 1.085 1.482 200 1.055 1.237 1.640 250 1.167 1.192 1.680 300 1.273 1.245 1.891 350 1.293 1.318 2.100 400 1.395 1.379 2.211 450 1.452 1.592 2.532 500 1.493 1.680 2.816 550 1.534 1.809 2.950 600 1.562 1.699 3.318 650 1.681 1.850 700 1.711 1.772 750 1.753 1.810 800 1.769 1.879 850 1.788 1.876 900 1.811 2.022 950 1.838 2.296 1000 1.911 2.416 1050 1.924 2.403 1100 1.923 2.624 1150 1.968 2.535 1200 2.001 2.527 Notes: The specimens used were 12 x 12 x 4 in. slabs. The specimens were subjected to abrasion testing following eight months of moist curing. The abrasion testing was done according to ASTM C779, Procedure C. Long Term Performance of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete Pavement To evaluate the long-term strength properties and durability of HVFA concrete systems, a study was conducted by the University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Center for By-Products Utilization (31). All concrete mixtures developed in this investigation were used in construction of various pavement sections from 1984 to 1991. Core specimens and beams were extracted from 105 We Energies Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
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Ramme - Tharaniyil Second Edition A
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This book is dedicated to all the i
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Contents Chapter 5 Controlled Low-S
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Contents Appendix A Product Data Sh
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Chapter 1 Background and History o
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The United States is the world's se
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are currently installed on about 25
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problems. In the late 1920’s, cin
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Chapter 2 CCPs and Electric Power
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for loading dry bulk semi tankers o
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Figure 2-2: Basic Diagram of an IGC
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Properties of Fly Ash Fly ash is a
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for air entraining admixtures, maki
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Fly ash is an artificial pozzolan.
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Table 2-6: Geotechnical Properties
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Table 2-9 shows the chemical compos
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Table 2-12: Typical Chemical Compos
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The following coal fired power plan
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All bottom ash is removed as necess
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ottom ash is removed by a hydraulic
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Chapter 3 Properties of We Energie
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that distribute and test fly ash to
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Physical, Chemical and Mechanical P
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However, some engineering propertie
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----------------------------U.S. ST
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Results of Testing to AASHTO Standa
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Table 3-8: Summary of We Energies B
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Chapter 4 Concrete and Concrete Ma
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alumina in the pozzolan may also re
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Dunstan summarized his work in term
Page 61 and 62: The level of shrinkage strains depe
Page 63 and 64: strength tests were performed at va
Page 65 and 66: Discussion of Test Results - 4,000
Page 67 and 68: Other important observations from t
Page 69 and 70: Figure 4-3: Compressive Strength vs
Page 71 and 72: 300 290 AMOUNT OF WATER, lbs 280 27
Page 73 and 74: Table 4-8: PPPP ASTM C618 Class C F
Page 75 and 76: The final setting time for 5000 psi
Page 77 and 78: Table 4-12: Length Change* NON-AIR-
Page 79 and 80: Table 4-14: Freeze-Thaw Tests* (Air
Page 81 and 82: Abrasion resistance tests were perf
Page 83 and 84: Table 4-16: Compressive Strength Te
Page 85 and 86: 4 DEPTH OF WEAR, mm @ 60 Minutes 3.
Page 87 and 88: Table 4-19: Mixture Proportions Usi
Page 89 and 90: 12000 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI 100
Page 91 and 92: Table 4-21: Air Permeability Test R
Page 93 and 94: Table 4-22: Water Permeability Test
Page 95 and 96: Table 4-23: Chloride Permeability T
Page 97 and 98: Tax Incremental Financing (TIF) was
Page 99 and 100: Figure 4-20 : Maple Avenue roadway
Page 101 and 102: Figure 4-22: Finishing touch to We
Page 103 and 104: Table 4-26: Concrete Mixture and Si
Page 105 and 106: 6. The high-volume Class C fly ash
Page 107 and 108: Table 4-31: Average Tensile Strengt
Page 109 and 110: Table 4-35: Changes in Ultrasonic P
Page 111: Table 4-38: Results of De-Icing Sal
Page 115 and 116: Summary Based on the data recorded
Page 117 and 118: 3.00 M 101.5 MM WRAPPED UNDERDRAIN
Page 119 and 120: mixture and concrete mixture. Also,
Page 121 and 122: Testing Program The testing program
Page 123 and 124: Test Results Table 4-46 shows the c
Page 125 and 126: Fly Ash Concrete for Precast/Prestr
Page 127 and 128: Table 4-49: Concrete Mixture Propor
Page 129 and 130: Figure 4-27: Electrical Resistance
Page 131 and 132: Table 4-51: Electrical Properties o
Page 133 and 134: fly ash by weight of total cementit
Page 135 and 136: Table 4-53: Compressive Strength of
Page 137 and 138: Chapter 5 Controlled Low-Strength
Page 139 and 140: Table 5-1: Mixture Proportions and
Page 141 and 142: 1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
Page 143 and 144: Table 5-3: Chemical and Fineness Te
Page 145 and 146: 1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
Page 147 and 148: and corresponding compressive stren
Page 149 and 150: conductivity tests were conducted u
Page 151 and 152: It can be concluded from this resea
Page 153 and 154: Table 5-13: Compressive Strength of
Page 155 and 156: (4) Compatible with copper, aluminu
Page 157 and 158: Mechanical Properties The compressi
Page 159 and 160: Figure 5-10: Electrical permeabilit
Page 161 and 162: Pilot Projects Using We Energies CL
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WisDOT Low Permeability CLSM with W
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material for foundations, changing
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Chapter 6 Commercial Applications
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The report also evaluated frost sus
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Field Study Following the initial s
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Figure 6-3: Bottom ash base course
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Table 6-2: Permeability and Drainag
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Bottom Ash as an Aggregate in Aspha
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Table 6-4: Total Elemental Analysis
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We Energies Bottom Ash as a Soil In
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The coal combustion materials landf
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The only other compounds detected t
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affect combustion. The resulting fl
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Table 6-7: Dry-Cast Concrete Block
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Table 6-10 Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 7 Fly Ash Stabilized Cold
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Using the back-calculated SN values
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Falling Weight Deflectometer tests
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unconfined compressive strength of
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Chapter 8 Fly Ash Metal Matrix Com
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The green density of the aluminum f
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Table 8-1: Alloy Samples Tested in
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Cenospheres Cenospheres are hollow,
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Chapter 9 Environmental Considerat
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judgment is required for new applic
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Table 9-2: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
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Table 9-3: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
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Table 9-4: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
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Table 9-5: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
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Table 9-7: ASTM D3987 Extraction An
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Table 9-8: Typical Heavy Metals Fou
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The voluntary C 2 P 2 Challenge Pro
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General Usage - NR 538 Applicabilit
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* Use Property Owner Notification -
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Mercury Removal-Ash Beneficiation (
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the air slide inlet was set at 538
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equired removal temperatures of 813
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Chapter 10 Minergy LWA - Structura
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Chapter 11 Sample Specifications
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Part 2 - Products 2.01 Concrete Mat
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3.02 Embedded Items A. All sleeves,
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C. Provide adequate number of units
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B. Reinforce or replace deficient w
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show the strength of masonry strong
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3.02 Bottom Ash Placing and Compact
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3. The CLSM shall meet the followin
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3.02 CLSM Depositing A. CLSM shall
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11.5 Sample Specification for We En
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D. Basis of Payment This item, meas
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If the reprocessed asphaltic base-f
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Chapter 12 References 1. American
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33. University of Wisconsin-Milwauk
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69. Naik, T.R., Kraus, R.N., and Si
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Appendix A Product Data Sheets Min
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Personal Protective Equipment Speci
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FirstAid Eyes Inhalation Ingestion
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Appendix B Radioactivity in Coal a
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annual number of curies of each of
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is divided among cosmic (30 mrem),
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constructed with fly ash building m
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Appendix C Field Guide for Recycli
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‣ Blend the fly ash and prepared
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Index AASHTO See American Associati
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Index Backfill material, 6, 43, 138
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Index Disposal costs, 5 See also La
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Index Pavement, 26, 109, 187; botto
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Index Size, boiler slag, 22; bottom
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About the Authors Bruce W. Ramme B
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