We Energies Coal Combustion Products ... - The White House

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C. We Energies Class F Fly Ash: Not necessarily conforming to ASTM C 618. D. Water: Clean, potable, and free from deleterious amounts of oil, acid, alkali or other matter. 2.02 CLSM Mixture Proportions A. CLSM mixtures shall be proportioned to meet project requirements. The following mixture proportions shall be considered as a guideline for CLSM mixtures. The mixture proportion shall be modified to meet specific project requirements. 1. Flo-Pac 1 – (Excavatable) trench backfill applications: Portland Cement : 100 lb/cu. yd. Class F Fly ash : 1450 lb/cu. yd. Water : 950 lb/cu. yd. Total Weight : 2500 lb/cu. yd 2. Flo-Pac 2 (Excavatable) Portland Cement : 70 lb/cu. yd. Class F Fly ash : 925 lb/cu. yd. Sand (SSD) : 1175 lb/cu. yd. Added Water : 785 lb/cu. yd. Total Weight : 3002 lb/cu. yd. 3. Flo-Pac 5 (Not easily excavatable) Portland Cement : 200 lb/cu. yd. Class F Fly ash : 700 lb/cu. yd. Stone (SSD) : 1500 lb/cu. yd. Sand (SSD) : 750 lb/cu. yd. Added Water : 480 lb/cu. yd. Total Weight : 3683 lb/cu. yd. 4. Flo-Pac 6 (Excavatable) Part 3 – Execution Portland Cement : 50 lb/cu. yd. Class C Fly Ash : 50 lb/cu. yd. Sand (SSD) : 3100 lb/cu. yd. Added Water : 500 lb/cu. yd. Total Weight : 3700 lb/cu. yd. 3.01 CLSM Production and Conveyance A. CLSM shall be batched, mixed and transported in accordance with ACI 229. B. CLSM shall be mixed only in quantities for immediate use. CLSM, that has set, shall be discarded and shall not be retempered. C. Discharge CLSM from truck within 90 minutes after cement and fly ash is added to the mix. D. CLSM shall be handled from the mixer to the place of final deposit as rapidly as practical by methods, which will prevent segregation or loss of ingredients. We Energies 246 Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
3.02 CLSM Depositing A. CLSM shall be placed to the lines and grades as shown on the plans. B. Materials shall be proportioned in accordance with the specified mix design. The product shall be of consistent texture and flow characteristics. The Engineer may reject any materials exhibiting a substantial change in properties, appearance or composition. C. CLSM, which has partially hardened or has been contaminated by hardened material, shall not be deposited. D. Deposit CLSM as soon as practical, so it can flow to any irregular area and fill completely. E. CLSM shall be placed in accordance with Wisconsin DNR Chapter NR538 and no CLSM material shall be allowed to enter any stream, lake, or storm sewer system. F. If the official Weather Bureau forecast for the construction site predicts temperatures at or below freezing within the next 24 hours after placement of CLSM, the Contractor shall protect the material placed from freezing during that time period. If the temperature is not forecast to rise above 40ºF (4ºC) for 72 hours after placement, the Engineer may require protection from freezing for up to 72 hours. G. When CLSM is used for pipe bedding, it shall be placed in lifts to prevent floating the pipe. H. When backfilling existing basement walls, or walls not designed for full lateral pressure from CLSM, CLSM shall be placed in lifts to prevent overstressing. I. Allow CLSM to self-level. Barricade the site or protect by other means, till CLSM hardens to avoid accidental entry. 3.03 Construction Cautions A. CLSM is placed as a liquid. Hence, it exerts fluid pressure. If CLSM is placed against basement walls or other structures, verify that the structure is capable of taking this lateral pressure. If the structure is not capable of handling this pressure, it can be braced externally until the CLSM slurry solidifies, or the CLSM slurry may be poured in multiple lifts so that one lift hardens before the next is poured. B. Fresh CLSM flowable fly ash slurry that is placed in deep excavations behaves like “quick-sand” and must be protected from accidental entry until it hardens. C. Low strength CLSM material (where re-excavation may be required at a later age) should be specified with a maximum strength (or a range of strength) that will allow for easy re-excavation with normal equipment. The addition of coarse aggregate to the mixture generally makes reexcavation more difficult. D. When transporting CLSM flowable slurry in a ready-mix truck, the driver should be aware of the liquid nature of the material being transported. CLSM may spill out of the back of a ready mix truck with quick stops or 247 We Energies Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
Page 1 and 2:
Ramme - Tharaniyil Second Edition A
Page 3 and 4:
This book is dedicated to all the i
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Contents Chapter 5 Controlled Low-S
Page 7 and 8:
Contents Appendix A Product Data Sh
Page 9 and 10:
Chapter 1 Background and History o
Page 11 and 12:
The United States is the world's se
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are currently installed on about 25
Page 15 and 16:
problems. In the late 1920’s, cin
Page 17 and 18:
Chapter 2 CCPs and Electric Power
Page 19 and 20:
for loading dry bulk semi tankers o
Page 21 and 22:
Figure 2-2: Basic Diagram of an IGC
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Properties of Fly Ash Fly ash is a
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for air entraining admixtures, maki
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Fly ash is an artificial pozzolan.
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Table 2-6: Geotechnical Properties
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Table 2-9 shows the chemical compos
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Table 2-12: Typical Chemical Compos
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The following coal fired power plan
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All bottom ash is removed as necess
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ottom ash is removed by a hydraulic
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Chapter 3 Properties of We Energie
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that distribute and test fly ash to
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Physical, Chemical and Mechanical P
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However, some engineering propertie
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----------------------------U.S. ST
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Results of Testing to AASHTO Standa
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Table 3-8: Summary of We Energies B
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Chapter 4 Concrete and Concrete Ma
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alumina in the pozzolan may also re
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Dunstan summarized his work in term
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The level of shrinkage strains depe
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strength tests were performed at va
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Discussion of Test Results - 4,000
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Other important observations from t
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Figure 4-3: Compressive Strength vs
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300 290 AMOUNT OF WATER, lbs 280 27
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Table 4-8: PPPP ASTM C618 Class C F
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The final setting time for 5000 psi
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Table 4-12: Length Change* NON-AIR-
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Table 4-14: Freeze-Thaw Tests* (Air
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Abrasion resistance tests were perf
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Table 4-16: Compressive Strength Te
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4 DEPTH OF WEAR, mm @ 60 Minutes 3.
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Table 4-19: Mixture Proportions Usi
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12000 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI 100
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Table 4-21: Air Permeability Test R
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Table 4-22: Water Permeability Test
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Table 4-23: Chloride Permeability T
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Tax Incremental Financing (TIF) was
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Figure 4-20 : Maple Avenue roadway
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Figure 4-22: Finishing touch to We
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Table 4-26: Concrete Mixture and Si
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6. The high-volume Class C fly ash
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Table 4-31: Average Tensile Strengt
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Table 4-35: Changes in Ultrasonic P
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Table 4-38: Results of De-Icing Sal
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Table 4-40: Abrasion Resistance of
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Summary Based on the data recorded
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3.00 M 101.5 MM WRAPPED UNDERDRAIN
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mixture and concrete mixture. Also,
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Testing Program The testing program
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Test Results Table 4-46 shows the c
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Fly Ash Concrete for Precast/Prestr
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Table 4-49: Concrete Mixture Propor
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Figure 4-27: Electrical Resistance
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Table 4-51: Electrical Properties o
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fly ash by weight of total cementit
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Table 4-53: Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 5 Controlled Low-Strength
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Table 5-1: Mixture Proportions and
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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Table 5-3: Chemical and Fineness Te
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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and corresponding compressive stren
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conductivity tests were conducted u
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It can be concluded from this resea
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Table 5-13: Compressive Strength of
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(4) Compatible with copper, aluminu
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Mechanical Properties The compressi
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Figure 5-10: Electrical permeabilit
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Pilot Projects Using We Energies CL
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WisDOT Low Permeability CLSM with W
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material for foundations, changing
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Chapter 6 Commercial Applications
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The report also evaluated frost sus
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Field Study Following the initial s
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Figure 6-3: Bottom ash base course
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Table 6-2: Permeability and Drainag
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Bottom Ash as an Aggregate in Aspha
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Table 6-4: Total Elemental Analysis
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We Energies Bottom Ash as a Soil In
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The coal combustion materials landf
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The only other compounds detected t
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affect combustion. The resulting fl
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Table 6-7: Dry-Cast Concrete Block
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Table 6-10 Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 7 Fly Ash Stabilized Cold
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Using the back-calculated SN values
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Falling Weight Deflectometer tests
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unconfined compressive strength of
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Chapter 8 Fly Ash Metal Matrix Com
Page 203 and 204: The green density of the aluminum f
Page 205 and 206: Table 8-1: Alloy Samples Tested in
Page 207 and 208: Cenospheres Cenospheres are hollow,
Page 209 and 210: Chapter 9 Environmental Considerat
Page 211 and 212: judgment is required for new applic
Page 213 and 214: Table 9-2: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
Page 215 and 216: Table 9-3: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
Page 217 and 218: Table 9-4: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
Page 219 and 220: Table 9-5: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
Page 221 and 222: Table 9-7: ASTM D3987 Extraction An
Page 223 and 224: Table 9-8: Typical Heavy Metals Fou
Page 225 and 226: The voluntary C 2 P 2 Challenge Pro
Page 227 and 228: General Usage - NR 538 Applicabilit
Page 229 and 230: * Use Property Owner Notification -
Page 231 and 232: Mercury Removal-Ash Beneficiation (
Page 233 and 234: the air slide inlet was set at 538
Page 235 and 236: equired removal temperatures of 813
Page 237 and 238: Chapter 10 Minergy LWA - Structura
Page 239 and 240: Chapter 11 Sample Specifications
Page 241 and 242: Part 2 - Products 2.01 Concrete Mat
Page 243 and 244: 3.02 Embedded Items A. All sleeves,
Page 245 and 246: C. Provide adequate number of units
Page 247 and 248: B. Reinforce or replace deficient w
Page 249 and 250: show the strength of masonry strong
Page 251 and 252: 3.02 Bottom Ash Placing and Compact
Page 253: 3. The CLSM shall meet the followin
Page 257 and 258: 11.5 Sample Specification for We En
Page 259 and 260: D. Basis of Payment This item, meas
Page 261 and 262: If the reprocessed asphaltic base-f
Page 263 and 264: Chapter 12 References 1. American
Page 265 and 266: 33. University of Wisconsin-Milwauk
Page 267 and 268: 69. Naik, T.R., Kraus, R.N., and Si
Page 269 and 270: Appendix A Product Data Sheets Min
Page 271 and 272: Personal Protective Equipment Speci
Page 273 and 274: FirstAid Eyes Inhalation Ingestion
Page 275 and 276: Appendix B Radioactivity in Coal a
Page 277 and 278: annual number of curies of each of
Page 279 and 280: is divided among cosmic (30 mrem),
Page 281 and 282: constructed with fly ash building m
Page 283 and 284: Appendix C Field Guide for Recycli
Page 285 and 286: ‣ Blend the fly ash and prepared
Page 287 and 288: Index AASHTO See American Associati
Page 289 and 290: Index Backfill material, 6, 43, 138
Page 291 and 292: Index Disposal costs, 5 See also La
Page 293 and 294: Index Pavement, 26, 109, 187; botto
Page 295 and 296: Index Size, boiler slag, 22; bottom
Page 297: About the Authors Bruce W. Ramme B
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