<strong>We</strong> <strong>Energies</strong> 278 <strong>Coal</strong> <strong>Combustion</strong> <strong>Products</strong> Utilization Handbook
Index AASHTO See American Association for State Highway and Transportation Officials ABC Supply Co., Inc., 173, 173, 174 Abrasion, boiler slag, 23, 23; bottom ash, 22, 43, 44-45; concrete, 72-77, 76-77, 97, 105; metal-matrix composites, 196; mixture design, 72, 73; testing procedure, 39, 72-74 Abrasives/traction See Anti-skid material ACI 229 (Controlled Low Strength Materials), 136, 137, 244, 246 ACI 301 (Structural Concrete for Buildings), 231, 232, 238 ACI 304 (Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting and Placing Concrete), 244 ACI 305 (Hot <strong>We</strong>ather Concreting), 231, 236 ACI 306 (Cold <strong>We</strong>ather Concreting), 231, 236 ACI 309 (Recommended Practice for Consolidation of Concrete), 231, 236, 237 ACI 318 (Standard Building Code), 68 Activated carbon injection, 16-17, 223 Admixtures, 15, 16-17, 49-50, 121, 233 Aggregates, 25, 38, 43, 45-46, 54, 159- 161, 169, 179-184, 233; base course, 43, 108-112, 111, 112, 159-165, 165, 189-191; hot mix asphalt, 23-24, 38, 43; lightweight, 47, 229-230, 262-263; Minergy LWA, 229-230, 262-263; seal coat, 24 Agriculture, 169-170 Air content, concrete, 56, 57, 73, 74, 79, 81, 82, 84, 88, 95, 96, 110, 111, 112, 119, 119, 125, 232; controlled low strength material, 130, 131, 135, 143, 144, 147, 148 Air emission quality, 3-5, 6, 202, 223-227 Air permeability See under Permeability Alkali-aggregate reactions, 51-52 Alkali-silica reactions, 51-52 Aluminum ash alloy See under Metalmatrix composites American Association for State Highway and Transportation Officials, specifications, 44-45, 104, 187; testing procedures, 39 American <strong>Coal</strong> Ash Association, 2, 217 American Concrete Institute, 72, 129 See also ACI... American Society for Testing and Materials See ASTM... Amine enhanced lean gas reburn, 226 Ammonia, 4, 226-227, 227 Angle of internal friction See Friction angle Angularity, 44 Anti-skid material, 159, 168 Ash See Bottom ash; <strong>Coal</strong> combustion products; Fly ash Ash recovery See Recovery Asphalt, boiler slag, 23-24; bottom ash, 38, 159, 169; cold-in-place recycling, 18, 47, 185-192, 188, 192, 249-254, 275-277; cost comparison, 169; hot mix asphalt aggregates, 23-24, 38, 43; specifications, 43, 249-254 ASTM C31 (Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field), 72, 232 ASTM C33 (Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates), 72, 124, 232, 233, 234, 245 ASTM C39 (Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens), 78, 106, 119, 126, 140, 232 ASTM C42 (Standard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete), 98 ASTM C55 (Standard Specification for Concrete Brick), 116 ASTM C90 (Standard Specification for Load Bearing Concrete Masonry Units), 183 ASTM C94 (Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete), 117, 234 ASTM C109 (Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars), 126 ASTM C138 (Standard Test Method for Density (Unit <strong>We</strong>ight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete), 119 ASTM C140 (Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units), 115 ASTM C143 (Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete), 65, 119, 232 ASTM C150 (Standard Specification for Portland Cement), 16, 72, 89, 110, 233, 245 ASTM C157 (Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement, Mortar, and Concrete), 69 ASTM C171 (Standard Specification for Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete), 233 ASTM C192 (Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory), 78, 114, 118, 119, 124 279 <strong>We</strong> <strong>Energies</strong> <strong>Coal</strong> <strong>Combustion</strong> <strong>Products</strong> Utilization Handbook
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Ramme - Tharaniyil Second Edition A
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This book is dedicated to all the i
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Contents Chapter 5 Controlled Low-S
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Contents Appendix A Product Data Sh
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Chapter 1 Background and History o
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The United States is the world's se
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are currently installed on about 25
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problems. In the late 1920’s, cin
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Chapter 2 CCPs and Electric Power
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for loading dry bulk semi tankers o
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Figure 2-2: Basic Diagram of an IGC
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Properties of Fly Ash Fly ash is a
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for air entraining admixtures, maki
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Fly ash is an artificial pozzolan.
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Table 2-6: Geotechnical Properties
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Table 2-9 shows the chemical compos
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Table 2-12: Typical Chemical Compos
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The following coal fired power plan
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All bottom ash is removed as necess
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ottom ash is removed by a hydraulic
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Chapter 3 Properties of We Energie
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that distribute and test fly ash to
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Physical, Chemical and Mechanical P
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However, some engineering propertie
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----------------------------U.S. ST
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Results of Testing to AASHTO Standa
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Table 3-8: Summary of We Energies B
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Chapter 4 Concrete and Concrete Ma
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alumina in the pozzolan may also re
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Dunstan summarized his work in term
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The level of shrinkage strains depe
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strength tests were performed at va
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Discussion of Test Results - 4,000
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Other important observations from t
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Figure 4-3: Compressive Strength vs
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300 290 AMOUNT OF WATER, lbs 280 27
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Table 4-8: PPPP ASTM C618 Class C F
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The final setting time for 5000 psi
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Table 4-12: Length Change* NON-AIR-
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Table 4-14: Freeze-Thaw Tests* (Air
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Abrasion resistance tests were perf
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Table 4-16: Compressive Strength Te
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4 DEPTH OF WEAR, mm @ 60 Minutes 3.
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Table 4-19: Mixture Proportions Usi
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12000 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI 100
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Table 4-21: Air Permeability Test R
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Table 4-22: Water Permeability Test
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Table 4-23: Chloride Permeability T
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Tax Incremental Financing (TIF) was
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Figure 4-20 : Maple Avenue roadway
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Figure 4-22: Finishing touch to We
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Table 4-26: Concrete Mixture and Si
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6. The high-volume Class C fly ash
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Table 4-31: Average Tensile Strengt
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Table 4-35: Changes in Ultrasonic P
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Table 4-38: Results of De-Icing Sal
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Table 4-40: Abrasion Resistance of
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Summary Based on the data recorded
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3.00 M 101.5 MM WRAPPED UNDERDRAIN
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mixture and concrete mixture. Also,
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Testing Program The testing program
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Test Results Table 4-46 shows the c
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Fly Ash Concrete for Precast/Prestr
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Table 4-49: Concrete Mixture Propor
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Figure 4-27: Electrical Resistance
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Table 4-51: Electrical Properties o
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fly ash by weight of total cementit
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Table 4-53: Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 5 Controlled Low-Strength
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Table 5-1: Mixture Proportions and
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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Table 5-3: Chemical and Fineness Te
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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and corresponding compressive stren
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conductivity tests were conducted u
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It can be concluded from this resea
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Table 5-13: Compressive Strength of
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(4) Compatible with copper, aluminu
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Mechanical Properties The compressi
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Figure 5-10: Electrical permeabilit
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Pilot Projects Using We Energies CL
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WisDOT Low Permeability CLSM with W
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material for foundations, changing
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Chapter 6 Commercial Applications
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The report also evaluated frost sus
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Field Study Following the initial s
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Figure 6-3: Bottom ash base course
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Table 6-2: Permeability and Drainag
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Bottom Ash as an Aggregate in Aspha
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Table 6-4: Total Elemental Analysis
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We Energies Bottom Ash as a Soil In
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The coal combustion materials landf
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The only other compounds detected t
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affect combustion. The resulting fl
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Table 6-7: Dry-Cast Concrete Block
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Table 6-10 Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 7 Fly Ash Stabilized Cold
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Using the back-calculated SN values
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Falling Weight Deflectometer tests
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unconfined compressive strength of
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Chapter 8 Fly Ash Metal Matrix Com
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The green density of the aluminum f
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Table 8-1: Alloy Samples Tested in
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Cenospheres Cenospheres are hollow,
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Chapter 9 Environmental Considerat
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judgment is required for new applic
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Table 9-2: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
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Table 9-3: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
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Table 9-4: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
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Table 9-5: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
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Table 9-7: ASTM D3987 Extraction An
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Table 9-8: Typical Heavy Metals Fou
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The voluntary C 2 P 2 Challenge Pro
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General Usage - NR 538 Applicabilit
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* Use Property Owner Notification -
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Mercury Removal-Ash Beneficiation (
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the air slide inlet was set at 538
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- Page 241 and 242: Part 2 - Products 2.01 Concrete Mat
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- Page 263 and 264: Chapter 12 References 1. American
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- Page 267 and 268: 69. Naik, T.R., Kraus, R.N., and Si
- Page 269 and 270: Appendix A Product Data Sheets Min
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- Page 273 and 274: FirstAid Eyes Inhalation Ingestion
- Page 275 and 276: Appendix B Radioactivity in Coal a
- Page 277 and 278: annual number of curies of each of
- Page 279 and 280: is divided among cosmic (30 mrem),
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- Page 283 and 284: Appendix C Field Guide for Recycli
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- Page 289 and 290: Index Backfill material, 6, 43, 138
- Page 291 and 292: Index Disposal costs, 5 See also La
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- Page 295 and 296: Index Size, boiler slag, 22; bottom
- Page 297: About the Authors Bruce W. Ramme B