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Table 4-14: Freeze-Thaw Tests* (Air-Entrained Concrete)
Percent Expansion at Freeze-Thaw Cycle Indicated
Mix No. 40 75 106 141 195 238 267 300
P4-39 A 0.004 0.011 0.022 0.030 0.041 0.057 0.062 0.078
B 0.004 0.012 0.021 0.024 0.028 0.041 0.047 0.053
C 0.008 0.0111 0.024 0.036 0.050 0.059 0.065 0.075
Average 0.005 0.011 0.022 0.030 0.040 0.052 0.058 0.068
Percent Weight Loss at Freeze-Thaw Cycle Indicated
Mix No. 40 75 106 141 195 238 267 300
P4-39 A 0.0 0.2 0.8 1.3 1.9 2.6 3.0 3.4
B 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6
C 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.2 1.7 2.3 3.0
Average 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Relative Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity at Freeze-Thaw Cycle Indicated
Mix No. 40 75 106 141 195 238 267 300
P4-39 A 99 98 98 97 95 90 86 83
B 99 99 99 98 98 98 95 92
C 99 99 99 98 98 98 97 96
Average 99 99 99 98 97 95 93 90
Mix No.
Durability Factor
P4-39 A 83
B 92
C 96
Average 90
* Tested in accordance with ASTM Designation C-666-84 Standard Test Method for Resistance of
Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing (Procedure A).
Phase II Test Result Conclusions
The following are the major results of this study:
1. For both air-entrained and non-air-entrained concrete, the initial and
final setting time is not significantly different for normal strength
concrete with up to 55% replacement of cement with fly ash.
2. For non-air-entrained and air-entrained fly ash concrete, with fly ash
replacement of up to 45% and compressive strength in the range 3,000
to 5,000 psi, the static modulus of elasticity is in conformance with
established relationships to compressive strength.
3. Poisson’s ratio of these fly ash concretes is within the accepted limits
for concrete.
4. Properly air-entrained high-volume fly ash concrete exhibits good
resistance to freezing and thawing.
71 We Energies
Coal Combustion Products
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