We Energies Coal Combustion Products ... - The White House

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Table 6-6: Dry-Cast Concrete Brick Mixtures Using OCPP Bottom Ash and Fly Ash Mix No. BR-1 BR-2 BR-3 BR-4 Field Mix Designation 1 3 8 10 Fly Ash, [A/(C+A)](%) 0 29 29 41 Bottom Ash, [BA/S+BA)](%) 0 0 23 33 Cement, C (lb/yd 3 ) 345 260 245 215 Fly Ash, A (lb/yd 3 ) 0 110 100 150 Net Water, W (lb/yd 3 ) 145 160 190 260 [W/(C+A)] 0.43 0.43 0.55 0.72 SSD Fine Aggregate, S (lb/yd 3 ) 2335 2365 1655 1455 SSD Bottom Ash, BA (lb/yd 3 ) 0 0 490 705 SSD ⅜” Crushed Limestone Aggregate (lb/yd 3 ) 795 805 750 750 Moisture Content of Mixture, % 5.6 5.9 7.8 10.1 Unit Weight (lb/ft 3 ) 134.0 137.0 127.0 131.0 Test Batch Yield (yd 3 ) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 The dry-cast concrete brick mixture BR-1 (control mix) had a 56-day strength that was lower than that of BR-2, a similar mix containing fly ash. Twentyfive percent cement was replaced with fly ash at a 1 – 1.3 replacement ratio. The exact proportions can be seen in Table 6-6. Brick mixtures BR-3 and BR-4 containing bottom ash and fly ash showed lower compressive strengths at the 56-day age. The compressive strengths obtained were all above 3,000 psi. This level of strength is good for most applications. Similar strength patterns are also seen for blocks and paving stones. Long-term behaviors of these masonry products are currently being studied at CBU. When this information is available, a better conclusion can be made about these products. However, based on available data, it can be seen that concrete bricks, blocks and paving stones with reasonable strength can be made using fly ash and bottom ash. We Energies 180 Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
Table 6-7: Dry-Cast Concrete Block Mixtures Mix No. BL-1 BL-2 BL-3 BL-4 Field Mix Designation 13 14 16 18 Fly Ash, [A/(C+A) (%) 0 30 29 40 Bottom Ash, [BA/(S+BA)] (%) 0 0 23 33 Cement, C (lb/yd 3 ) 345 265 245 215 Fly Ash, A (lb/yd 3 ) 0 110 100 150 Net Water, W (lb/yd 3 ) 161 160 190 260 [W/(C+A)] 0.36 0.43 0.54 0.71 SSD Fine Aggregate, S (lb/yd 3 ) 2300 2355 1775 1430 SSD Bottom Ash, BA (lb/yd 3 ) 0 0 495 715 SSD 3/8” Crushed Limestone Aggregate (lb/yd 3 ) 795 815 755 765 Moisture Content of Mixture, % 5.9 5.9 6.5 10.1 Unit Weight (lb/ft 3 ) 137 137 127 131 Test Batch Yield (yd 3 ) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 Table 6-8: Dry-Cast Concrete Paving Stone Mixtures Mix No. PS-1 PS-2 PS-3 PS-4 Field Mix Designation 2 4 6 11 Fly Ash, [A/(C+A)] (%) 0 18 18 30 Bottom Ash, [BA/(S+BA)] (%) 0 0 24 33 Cement, C (lb/yd 3 ) 650 560 510 425 Fly Ash, A (lb/yd 3 ) 0 125 115 180 Net Water, W (lb/yd 3 ) 16 180 195 190 [W/(C+A)] 0.25 0.26 0.31 0.31 SSD Fine Aggregate, S (lb/yd 3 ) 2205 2235 1540 1255 SSD Bottom Ash, BA (lb/yd 3 ) 0 0 475 605 SSD 3/8” Crushed Limestone Aggregate, (lb/yd 3 ) 750 760 695 650 Moisture Content of Mixture, % 5.7 6.1 7.6 8.0 Unit Weight (lb/ft 3 ) 139 143 131 122 Test Batch Yield (yd 3 ) 0.62 0.61 0.66 0.70 181 We Energies Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
Page 1 and 2:
Ramme - Tharaniyil Second Edition A
Page 3 and 4:
This book is dedicated to all the i
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Contents Chapter 5 Controlled Low-S
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Contents Appendix A Product Data Sh
Page 9 and 10:
Chapter 1 Background and History o
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The United States is the world's se
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are currently installed on about 25
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problems. In the late 1920’s, cin
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Chapter 2 CCPs and Electric Power
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for loading dry bulk semi tankers o
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Figure 2-2: Basic Diagram of an IGC
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Properties of Fly Ash Fly ash is a
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for air entraining admixtures, maki
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Fly ash is an artificial pozzolan.
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Table 2-6: Geotechnical Properties
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Table 2-9 shows the chemical compos
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Table 2-12: Typical Chemical Compos
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The following coal fired power plan
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All bottom ash is removed as necess
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ottom ash is removed by a hydraulic
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Chapter 3 Properties of We Energie
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that distribute and test fly ash to
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Physical, Chemical and Mechanical P
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However, some engineering propertie
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----------------------------U.S. ST
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Results of Testing to AASHTO Standa
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Table 3-8: Summary of We Energies B
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Chapter 4 Concrete and Concrete Ma
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alumina in the pozzolan may also re
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Dunstan summarized his work in term
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The level of shrinkage strains depe
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strength tests were performed at va
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Discussion of Test Results - 4,000
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Other important observations from t
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Figure 4-3: Compressive Strength vs
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300 290 AMOUNT OF WATER, lbs 280 27
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Table 4-8: PPPP ASTM C618 Class C F
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The final setting time for 5000 psi
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Table 4-12: Length Change* NON-AIR-
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Table 4-14: Freeze-Thaw Tests* (Air
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Abrasion resistance tests were perf
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Table 4-16: Compressive Strength Te
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4 DEPTH OF WEAR, mm @ 60 Minutes 3.
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Table 4-19: Mixture Proportions Usi
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12000 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI 100
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Table 4-21: Air Permeability Test R
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Table 4-22: Water Permeability Test
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Table 4-23: Chloride Permeability T
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Tax Incremental Financing (TIF) was
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Figure 4-20 : Maple Avenue roadway
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Figure 4-22: Finishing touch to We
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Table 4-26: Concrete Mixture and Si
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6. The high-volume Class C fly ash
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Table 4-31: Average Tensile Strengt
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Table 4-35: Changes in Ultrasonic P
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Table 4-38: Results of De-Icing Sal
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Table 4-40: Abrasion Resistance of
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Summary Based on the data recorded
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3.00 M 101.5 MM WRAPPED UNDERDRAIN
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mixture and concrete mixture. Also,
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Testing Program The testing program
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Test Results Table 4-46 shows the c
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Fly Ash Concrete for Precast/Prestr
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Table 4-49: Concrete Mixture Propor
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Figure 4-27: Electrical Resistance
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Table 4-51: Electrical Properties o
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fly ash by weight of total cementit
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Table 4-53: Compressive Strength of
Page 137 and 138: Chapter 5 Controlled Low-Strength
Page 139 and 140: Table 5-1: Mixture Proportions and
Page 141 and 142: 1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
Page 143 and 144: Table 5-3: Chemical and Fineness Te
Page 145 and 146: 1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
Page 147 and 148: and corresponding compressive stren
Page 149 and 150: conductivity tests were conducted u
Page 151 and 152: It can be concluded from this resea
Page 153 and 154: Table 5-13: Compressive Strength of
Page 155 and 156: (4) Compatible with copper, aluminu
Page 157 and 158: Mechanical Properties The compressi
Page 159 and 160: Figure 5-10: Electrical permeabilit
Page 161 and 162: Pilot Projects Using We Energies CL
Page 163 and 164: WisDOT Low Permeability CLSM with W
Page 165 and 166: material for foundations, changing
Page 167 and 168: Chapter 6 Commercial Applications
Page 169 and 170: The report also evaluated frost sus
Page 171 and 172: Field Study Following the initial s
Page 173 and 174: Figure 6-3: Bottom ash base course
Page 175 and 176: Table 6-2: Permeability and Drainag
Page 177 and 178: Bottom Ash as an Aggregate in Aspha
Page 179 and 180: Table 6-4: Total Elemental Analysis
Page 181 and 182: We Energies Bottom Ash as a Soil In
Page 183 and 184: The coal combustion materials landf
Page 185 and 186: The only other compounds detected t
Page 187: affect combustion. The resulting fl
Page 191 and 192: Table 6-10 Compressive Strength of
Page 193 and 194: Chapter 7 Fly Ash Stabilized Cold
Page 195 and 196: Using the back-calculated SN values
Page 197 and 198: Falling Weight Deflectometer tests
Page 199 and 200: unconfined compressive strength of
Page 201 and 202: Chapter 8 Fly Ash Metal Matrix Com
Page 203 and 204: The green density of the aluminum f
Page 205 and 206: Table 8-1: Alloy Samples Tested in
Page 207 and 208: Cenospheres Cenospheres are hollow,
Page 209 and 210: Chapter 9 Environmental Considerat
Page 211 and 212: judgment is required for new applic
Page 213 and 214: Table 9-2: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
Page 215 and 216: Table 9-3: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
Page 217 and 218: Table 9-4: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
Page 219 and 220: Table 9-5: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
Page 221 and 222: Table 9-7: ASTM D3987 Extraction An
Page 223 and 224: Table 9-8: Typical Heavy Metals Fou
Page 225 and 226: The voluntary C 2 P 2 Challenge Pro
Page 227 and 228: General Usage - NR 538 Applicabilit
Page 229 and 230: * Use Property Owner Notification -
Page 231 and 232: Mercury Removal-Ash Beneficiation (
Page 233 and 234: the air slide inlet was set at 538
Page 235 and 236: equired removal temperatures of 813
Page 237 and 238: Chapter 10 Minergy LWA - Structura
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Chapter 11 Sample Specifications
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Part 2 - Products 2.01 Concrete Mat
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3.02 Embedded Items A. All sleeves,
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C. Provide adequate number of units
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B. Reinforce or replace deficient w
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show the strength of masonry strong
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3.02 Bottom Ash Placing and Compact
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3. The CLSM shall meet the followin
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3.02 CLSM Depositing A. CLSM shall
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11.5 Sample Specification for We En
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D. Basis of Payment This item, meas
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If the reprocessed asphaltic base-f
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Chapter 12 References 1. American
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33. University of Wisconsin-Milwauk
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69. Naik, T.R., Kraus, R.N., and Si
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Appendix A Product Data Sheets Min
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Personal Protective Equipment Speci
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FirstAid Eyes Inhalation Ingestion
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Appendix B Radioactivity in Coal a
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annual number of curies of each of
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is divided among cosmic (30 mrem),
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constructed with fly ash building m
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Appendix C Field Guide for Recycli
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‣ Blend the fly ash and prepared
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Index AASHTO See American Associati
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Index Backfill material, 6, 43, 138
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Index Disposal costs, 5 See also La
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Index Pavement, 26, 109, 187; botto
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Index Size, boiler slag, 22; bottom
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About the Authors Bruce W. Ramme B
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