We Energies Coal Combustion Products ... - The White House

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D. Measurement FLY ASH will be measured by the ton (2,000 pounds), dry weight. MIXING reprocessed asphaltic base and FLY ASH will be measured by the square yard in place. E. Payment Work performed and materials furnished as prescribed by this item and measured as provided under “Measurement” will be paid for as follows: FLY ASH will be paid for at the unit price bid per ton (2,000 pounds) which price shall be full compensation for furnishing all fly ash. MIXING reprocessed asphaltic base and FLY ASH will be paid for at the unit price per square yard in place, which shall include placing of fly ash, mixing reprocessed asphaltic base, fly ash, and water, compacting the mixture, grading to required cross slope, and final compaction. Contractor shall supply water necessary to achieve optimal density and the cost shall be incidental to this item. 3.03. Temporary Pavement Marking, 4 inch, Removable Tape This work shall be in accordance with the pertinent requirements of Section 649 of the Standard Specifications and as hereinafter provided. A. General This item of work shall consist of furnishing and application of temporary pavement marking to all intermediate courses or layers and final surfaces of asphaltic pavement on the same day that such course, layers, or surfaces are placed, in order to delineate the traffic centerline. B. Basis of Payment The item of Temporary Pavement Marking, 4 inch removable tape will be considered incidental to the item Asphaltic Concrete Pavement. We Energies 254 Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
Chapter 12 References 1. American Coal Ash Association, “2002 Coal Combustion Product (CCP) Production and Use Survey”, November 2003. 2. Radian International, LLC, “Assessment of Impacts of NO x Reduction Technologies on Coal Ash Use, Vol. I: North American Perspective”, EPRI TR-106747-V1, 3176-17 Final Report, November 1996. 3. Tera D.B., “Review of Handling and Use of FGD Material”, Proceedings: 15th International American Coal Ash Association Symposium on Management & Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs), 2003. 4. Kramer, A.W., “Power Plant Primer”, Power Engineering Magazine, Technical Publishing Company. 5. Wisconsin Public Service Commission of Wisconsin and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, “Draft Environmental Impact Statement: Elm Road Generating Station – Volume 1”, April 2003. 6. Malhotra, V.M. and Ramezanianpour, A.A., ‘Fly Ash in Concrete”, Second Edition. 7. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, “Fly Ash for Highway Engineers”, FHWA-SA-94-081, August 1975. 8. Marsh, P.D., “Guide to the Use of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash in Roads and Embankments”, Ash Development Association of Australia. 9. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, “User Guidelines for Waste and Byproduct Materials in Pavement Construction”, 1997. 10. Ferguson, Glen, “Use of Self-Cementing Fly Ashes as a Soil Stabilization Agent”, Presented at the ASCE National Meeting, Dallas, TX, 1993. 11. Phelan S.W., “Admixtures and Aggregates: Key Elements of Athletic Concrete”, Concrete International, April 2000. 12. Neville, A.M., “Properties of Concrete”, Third Edition, Pritman Publishing, Inc. 13. Taha, R. and Donal S., “The Use of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsumin Civil Engineering”, Proceedings of Utilization of Waste Materials in Civil Engineering Construction. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY, September 1992. 14. Smith L.C., “FGD Waste Engineering Properties are Controlled by Disposal Choice”, Proceedings of Utilization of Waste Materials in Civil Engineering Construction. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY, September 1992. 15. Wisconsin Electric, “Annual Reporting: Use of Coal Combustion Products — Year 2004”, Report submitted to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, March 2004. 255 We Energies Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
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Ramme - Tharaniyil Second Edition A
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This book is dedicated to all the i
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Contents Chapter 5 Controlled Low-S
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Contents Appendix A Product Data Sh
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Chapter 1 Background and History o
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The United States is the world's se
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are currently installed on about 25
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problems. In the late 1920’s, cin
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Chapter 2 CCPs and Electric Power
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for loading dry bulk semi tankers o
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Figure 2-2: Basic Diagram of an IGC
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Properties of Fly Ash Fly ash is a
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for air entraining admixtures, maki
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Fly ash is an artificial pozzolan.
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Table 2-6: Geotechnical Properties
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Table 2-9 shows the chemical compos
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Table 2-12: Typical Chemical Compos
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The following coal fired power plan
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All bottom ash is removed as necess
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ottom ash is removed by a hydraulic
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Chapter 3 Properties of We Energie
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that distribute and test fly ash to
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Physical, Chemical and Mechanical P
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However, some engineering propertie
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----------------------------U.S. ST
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Results of Testing to AASHTO Standa
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Table 3-8: Summary of We Energies B
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Chapter 4 Concrete and Concrete Ma
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alumina in the pozzolan may also re
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Dunstan summarized his work in term
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The level of shrinkage strains depe
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strength tests were performed at va
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Discussion of Test Results - 4,000
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Other important observations from t
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Figure 4-3: Compressive Strength vs
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300 290 AMOUNT OF WATER, lbs 280 27
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Table 4-8: PPPP ASTM C618 Class C F
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The final setting time for 5000 psi
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Table 4-12: Length Change* NON-AIR-
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Table 4-14: Freeze-Thaw Tests* (Air
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Abrasion resistance tests were perf
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Table 4-16: Compressive Strength Te
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4 DEPTH OF WEAR, mm @ 60 Minutes 3.
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Table 4-19: Mixture Proportions Usi
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12000 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI 100
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Table 4-21: Air Permeability Test R
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Table 4-22: Water Permeability Test
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Table 4-23: Chloride Permeability T
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Tax Incremental Financing (TIF) was
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Figure 4-20 : Maple Avenue roadway
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Figure 4-22: Finishing touch to We
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Table 4-26: Concrete Mixture and Si
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6. The high-volume Class C fly ash
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Table 4-31: Average Tensile Strengt
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Table 4-35: Changes in Ultrasonic P
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Table 4-38: Results of De-Icing Sal
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Table 4-40: Abrasion Resistance of
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Summary Based on the data recorded
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3.00 M 101.5 MM WRAPPED UNDERDRAIN
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mixture and concrete mixture. Also,
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Testing Program The testing program
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Test Results Table 4-46 shows the c
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Fly Ash Concrete for Precast/Prestr
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Table 4-49: Concrete Mixture Propor
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Figure 4-27: Electrical Resistance
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Table 4-51: Electrical Properties o
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fly ash by weight of total cementit
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Table 4-53: Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 5 Controlled Low-Strength
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Table 5-1: Mixture Proportions and
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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Table 5-3: Chemical and Fineness Te
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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and corresponding compressive stren
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conductivity tests were conducted u
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It can be concluded from this resea
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Table 5-13: Compressive Strength of
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(4) Compatible with copper, aluminu
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Mechanical Properties The compressi
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Figure 5-10: Electrical permeabilit
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Pilot Projects Using We Energies CL
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WisDOT Low Permeability CLSM with W
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material for foundations, changing
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Chapter 6 Commercial Applications
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The report also evaluated frost sus
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Field Study Following the initial s
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Figure 6-3: Bottom ash base course
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Table 6-2: Permeability and Drainag
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Bottom Ash as an Aggregate in Aspha
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Table 6-4: Total Elemental Analysis
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We Energies Bottom Ash as a Soil In
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The coal combustion materials landf
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The only other compounds detected t
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affect combustion. The resulting fl
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Table 6-7: Dry-Cast Concrete Block
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Table 6-10 Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 7 Fly Ash Stabilized Cold
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Using the back-calculated SN values
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Falling Weight Deflectometer tests
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unconfined compressive strength of
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Chapter 8 Fly Ash Metal Matrix Com
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The green density of the aluminum f
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Table 8-1: Alloy Samples Tested in
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Cenospheres Cenospheres are hollow,
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Chapter 9 Environmental Considerat
Page 211 and 212: judgment is required for new applic
Page 213 and 214: Table 9-2: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
Page 215 and 216: Table 9-3: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
Page 217 and 218: Table 9-4: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
Page 219 and 220: Table 9-5: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
Page 221 and 222: Table 9-7: ASTM D3987 Extraction An
Page 223 and 224: Table 9-8: Typical Heavy Metals Fou
Page 225 and 226: The voluntary C 2 P 2 Challenge Pro
Page 227 and 228: General Usage - NR 538 Applicabilit
Page 229 and 230: * Use Property Owner Notification -
Page 231 and 232: Mercury Removal-Ash Beneficiation (
Page 233 and 234: the air slide inlet was set at 538
Page 235 and 236: equired removal temperatures of 813
Page 237 and 238: Chapter 10 Minergy LWA - Structura
Page 239 and 240: Chapter 11 Sample Specifications
Page 241 and 242: Part 2 - Products 2.01 Concrete Mat
Page 243 and 244: 3.02 Embedded Items A. All sleeves,
Page 245 and 246: C. Provide adequate number of units
Page 247 and 248: B. Reinforce or replace deficient w
Page 249 and 250: show the strength of masonry strong
Page 251 and 252: 3.02 Bottom Ash Placing and Compact
Page 253 and 254: 3. The CLSM shall meet the followin
Page 255 and 256: 3.02 CLSM Depositing A. CLSM shall
Page 257 and 258: 11.5 Sample Specification for We En
Page 259 and 260: D. Basis of Payment This item, meas
Page 261: If the reprocessed asphaltic base-f
Page 265 and 266: 33. University of Wisconsin-Milwauk
Page 267 and 268: 69. Naik, T.R., Kraus, R.N., and Si
Page 269 and 270: Appendix A Product Data Sheets Min
Page 271 and 272: Personal Protective Equipment Speci
Page 273 and 274: FirstAid Eyes Inhalation Ingestion
Page 275 and 276: Appendix B Radioactivity in Coal a
Page 277 and 278: annual number of curies of each of
Page 279 and 280: is divided among cosmic (30 mrem),
Page 281 and 282: constructed with fly ash building m
Page 283 and 284: Appendix C Field Guide for Recycli
Page 285 and 286: ‣ Blend the fly ash and prepared
Page 287 and 288: Index AASHTO See American Associati
Page 289 and 290: Index Backfill material, 6, 43, 138
Page 291 and 292: Index Disposal costs, 5 See also La
Page 293 and 294: Index Pavement, 26, 109, 187; botto
Page 295 and 296: Index Size, boiler slag, 22; bottom
Page 297: About the Authors Bruce W. Ramme B
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