We Energies Coal Combustion Products ... - The White House

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Air Entraining Agent Compatible with cement and as needed for air content to provide required air for exposure condition B. 4000 PSI Concrete - 40% fly ash @ 1:1.25, cement to fly ash replacement ratio. Coarse Aggregate Size ASTM C33 Size No. 67 Minimum Compressive Strength at 28 days 4000 psi Minimum Cement Content 310 lbs/cu. yd. Minimum Class C Fly ash Content Air Entraining Agent 251 lbs/cu. yd. Compatible with cement and as needed for air content to provide required air for exposure condition C. 5000 PSI Concrete - 40% fly ash @ 1:1.25, cement to fly ash replacement ratio Coarse Aggregate Size ASTM C33 No. 67 Minimum Compressive Strength at 28 days 5000 psi Minimum Cement Content 367 lbs/cu. yd. Minimum Class C Fly Ash Air Entraining Agent 265 lbs/cu. yd. Compatible with cement and as needed for air content to provide required air for exposure condition D. 6000 PSI Concrete - 40% fly ash @ 1:1.25 cement to fly ash replacement ratio. Coarse Aggregate Size ASTM C33 No. 67 Minimum Compressive Strength @ 28 days 6000 psi Minimum Cement Content 445 lbs/cu. yd. Minimum Flyash Content 239 lbs/cu. yd. Slump 6½ in. Superplasticizer Compatible with cement and as needed for workability Air Entraining Agent Compatible with cement and as needed for air content to provide required air for exposure condition Part 3 – Execution 3.01 Concrete Production A. Batch, mix, and transport ready-mixed concrete in accordance with ASTM C94. B. Mix concrete only in quantities for immediate use. Discard concrete which has set. Do not retemper. C. Discharge concrete from truck within 60 minutes after cement is added to the mix. D. Do not add water at the site without the permission of the Engineer. E. Add superplasticizer to the concrete at the project site. Add superplasticizer and mix concrete in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations. We Energies 234 Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
3.02 Embedded Items A. All sleeves, inserts, anchors, and embedded items required for adjoining work or for its support shall be placed prior to placing concrete. B. All embedded items shall be positioned accurately and supported against displacement. C. Voids in sleeves, inserts and anchor slots shall be filled temporarily with readily removable material to prevent the entry of concrete into the voids. 3.03 Preparation Before Placing A. Formwork shall be completed and all reinforcement and embedded items shall be secured in place. B. All snow, ice, and mud shall be removed prior to placing concrete. C. Do not place concrete on frozen ground. D. Do not place concrete on ground with standing water or when upper 2” of ground is saturated. E. Do not place concrete during rain, sleet, or snow. 3.04 Concrete Conveying A. Handle concrete from the mixer to the place of final deposit as rapidly as practical by methods, which will prevent segregation or loss of ingredients. 3.05 Concrete Depositing A. Deposit concrete continuously or in layers of such thickness that no concrete will be deposited on concrete which has hardened sufficiently to cause the formation of seams or planes or weakness within the section. B. Place concrete at such a rate that the concrete which is being integrated with fresh concrete is still plastic. C. Concrete, which has partially hardened or has been contaminated by hardened materials, shall not be deposited. D. Remove rejected concrete from the site. E. Deposit concrete as nearly as practicable in its final position to avoid segregation due to handling or flowing. F. Free fall of concrete shall not exceed five feet. Use chutes equipped with hopper heads for placing where a drop of more than five feet is required. 3.06 Placing Concrete Slabs A. Deposit and consolidate concrete slabs in a continuous operation. B. Consolidate concrete placed in slabs by vibrating bridge screeds, roller pipe screeds or other methods acceptable to the Engineer. Bring slab surfaces to the correct level with a straight edge and then strike off. Use bullfloats or darbies to smooth the surface, leaving it free from bumps and hollows. C. Do not leave screed stakes in concrete. 235 We Energies Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
Page 1 and 2:
Ramme - Tharaniyil Second Edition A
Page 3 and 4:
This book is dedicated to all the i
Page 5 and 6:
Contents Chapter 5 Controlled Low-S
Page 7 and 8:
Contents Appendix A Product Data Sh
Page 9 and 10:
Chapter 1 Background and History o
Page 11 and 12:
The United States is the world's se
Page 13 and 14:
are currently installed on about 25
Page 15 and 16:
problems. In the late 1920’s, cin
Page 17 and 18:
Chapter 2 CCPs and Electric Power
Page 19 and 20:
for loading dry bulk semi tankers o
Page 21 and 22:
Figure 2-2: Basic Diagram of an IGC
Page 23 and 24:
Properties of Fly Ash Fly ash is a
Page 25 and 26:
for air entraining admixtures, maki
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Fly ash is an artificial pozzolan.
Page 29 and 30:
Table 2-6: Geotechnical Properties
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Table 2-9 shows the chemical compos
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Table 2-12: Typical Chemical Compos
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The following coal fired power plan
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All bottom ash is removed as necess
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ottom ash is removed by a hydraulic
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Chapter 3 Properties of We Energie
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that distribute and test fly ash to
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Physical, Chemical and Mechanical P
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However, some engineering propertie
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----------------------------U.S. ST
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Results of Testing to AASHTO Standa
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Table 3-8: Summary of We Energies B
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Chapter 4 Concrete and Concrete Ma
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alumina in the pozzolan may also re
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Dunstan summarized his work in term
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The level of shrinkage strains depe
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strength tests were performed at va
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Discussion of Test Results - 4,000
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Other important observations from t
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Figure 4-3: Compressive Strength vs
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300 290 AMOUNT OF WATER, lbs 280 27
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Table 4-8: PPPP ASTM C618 Class C F
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The final setting time for 5000 psi
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Table 4-12: Length Change* NON-AIR-
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Table 4-14: Freeze-Thaw Tests* (Air
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Abrasion resistance tests were perf
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Table 4-16: Compressive Strength Te
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4 DEPTH OF WEAR, mm @ 60 Minutes 3.
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Table 4-19: Mixture Proportions Usi
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12000 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI 100
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Table 4-21: Air Permeability Test R
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Table 4-22: Water Permeability Test
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Table 4-23: Chloride Permeability T
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Tax Incremental Financing (TIF) was
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Figure 4-20 : Maple Avenue roadway
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Figure 4-22: Finishing touch to We
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Table 4-26: Concrete Mixture and Si
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6. The high-volume Class C fly ash
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Table 4-31: Average Tensile Strengt
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Table 4-35: Changes in Ultrasonic P
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Table 4-38: Results of De-Icing Sal
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Table 4-40: Abrasion Resistance of
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Summary Based on the data recorded
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3.00 M 101.5 MM WRAPPED UNDERDRAIN
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mixture and concrete mixture. Also,
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Testing Program The testing program
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Test Results Table 4-46 shows the c
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Fly Ash Concrete for Precast/Prestr
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Table 4-49: Concrete Mixture Propor
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Figure 4-27: Electrical Resistance
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Table 4-51: Electrical Properties o
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fly ash by weight of total cementit
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Table 4-53: Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 5 Controlled Low-Strength
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Table 5-1: Mixture Proportions and
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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Table 5-3: Chemical and Fineness Te
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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and corresponding compressive stren
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conductivity tests were conducted u
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It can be concluded from this resea
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Table 5-13: Compressive Strength of
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(4) Compatible with copper, aluminu
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Mechanical Properties The compressi
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Figure 5-10: Electrical permeabilit
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Pilot Projects Using We Energies CL
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WisDOT Low Permeability CLSM with W
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material for foundations, changing
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Chapter 6 Commercial Applications
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The report also evaluated frost sus
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Field Study Following the initial s
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Figure 6-3: Bottom ash base course
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Table 6-2: Permeability and Drainag
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Bottom Ash as an Aggregate in Aspha
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Table 6-4: Total Elemental Analysis
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We Energies Bottom Ash as a Soil In
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The coal combustion materials landf
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The only other compounds detected t
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affect combustion. The resulting fl
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Table 6-7: Dry-Cast Concrete Block
Page 191 and 192: Table 6-10 Compressive Strength of
Page 193 and 194: Chapter 7 Fly Ash Stabilized Cold
Page 195 and 196: Using the back-calculated SN values
Page 197 and 198: Falling Weight Deflectometer tests
Page 199 and 200: unconfined compressive strength of
Page 201 and 202: Chapter 8 Fly Ash Metal Matrix Com
Page 203 and 204: The green density of the aluminum f
Page 205 and 206: Table 8-1: Alloy Samples Tested in
Page 207 and 208: Cenospheres Cenospheres are hollow,
Page 209 and 210: Chapter 9 Environmental Considerat
Page 211 and 212: judgment is required for new applic
Page 213 and 214: Table 9-2: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
Page 215 and 216: Table 9-3: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
Page 217 and 218: Table 9-4: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
Page 219 and 220: Table 9-5: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
Page 221 and 222: Table 9-7: ASTM D3987 Extraction An
Page 223 and 224: Table 9-8: Typical Heavy Metals Fou
Page 225 and 226: The voluntary C 2 P 2 Challenge Pro
Page 227 and 228: General Usage - NR 538 Applicabilit
Page 229 and 230: * Use Property Owner Notification -
Page 231 and 232: Mercury Removal-Ash Beneficiation (
Page 233 and 234: the air slide inlet was set at 538
Page 235 and 236: equired removal temperatures of 813
Page 237 and 238: Chapter 10 Minergy LWA - Structura
Page 239 and 240: Chapter 11 Sample Specifications
Page 241: Part 2 - Products 2.01 Concrete Mat
Page 245 and 246: C. Provide adequate number of units
Page 247 and 248: B. Reinforce or replace deficient w
Page 249 and 250: show the strength of masonry strong
Page 251 and 252: 3.02 Bottom Ash Placing and Compact
Page 253 and 254: 3. The CLSM shall meet the followin
Page 255 and 256: 3.02 CLSM Depositing A. CLSM shall
Page 257 and 258: 11.5 Sample Specification for We En
Page 259 and 260: D. Basis of Payment This item, meas
Page 261 and 262: If the reprocessed asphaltic base-f
Page 263 and 264: Chapter 12 References 1. American
Page 265 and 266: 33. University of Wisconsin-Milwauk
Page 267 and 268: 69. Naik, T.R., Kraus, R.N., and Si
Page 269 and 270: Appendix A Product Data Sheets Min
Page 271 and 272: Personal Protective Equipment Speci
Page 273 and 274: FirstAid Eyes Inhalation Ingestion
Page 275 and 276: Appendix B Radioactivity in Coal a
Page 277 and 278: annual number of curies of each of
Page 279 and 280: is divided among cosmic (30 mrem),
Page 281 and 282: constructed with fly ash building m
Page 283 and 284: Appendix C Field Guide for Recycli
Page 285 and 286: ‣ Blend the fly ash and prepared
Page 287 and 288: Index AASHTO See American Associati
Page 289 and 290: Index Backfill material, 6, 43, 138
Page 291 and 292: Index Disposal costs, 5 See also La
Page 293 and 294:
Index Pavement, 26, 109, 187; botto
Page 295 and 296:
Index Size, boiler slag, 22; bottom
Page 297:
About the Authors Bruce W. Ramme B
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