We Energies Coal Combustion Products ... - The White House

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Index University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 54, 77, 105, 112, 130, 138, 147, 179, 180, 194 Unshrinkable fill See Controlled low strength material Utilization, 5, 18-26; agriculture, 169-170; anti-skid material, 159, 168; asphalt, 23-24, 38, 159, 169; backfill material, 6, 138, 143, 156-157, 159, 165-168, 166, 240-243; base course, 43, 108- 112, 159-165; bike trails, 169; boiler slag, 23-24; bottom ash, 19, 26, 38, 159-184, 165, 166, 170, 173, 174; calcium sulfite, 24; cenospheres, 199; Cincrete, 6, cinders, 1, 2, 6-7; Coal Combustion Products Partnership program, 216-217; cold-in-place recycling, 18, 47, 185-192, 188, 192; concrete, 6-7, 16, 19, 26, 47-128, 131, 169, 231-239; construction, 6, 47, 50, 165, 166, 229; controlled low strength material, 129-157, 153-157; drainage media, 26, 159; drying agent, 17; Flo-Pac, 129, 152, 154, 246; fly ash, 6-7, 17-19, 26, 47-157, 185-200; green roofs, 173, 173, 174, 230; gypsum, 24, 25; lightweight aggregates, 47, 229-230, 262-263; liquid waste stabilization, 26, 47; manufactured soil products, 159, 169- 170, 170, 230; masonry products, 1, 38, 112-116, 159, 179-184, 229-230; metal-matrix composites, 193-200; Minergy LWA, 229-230, 262-263; pavement, 26, 88, 88-112, 90-93, 159-165, 185-192, 188, 192; reburning, 177-179; soil stabilization, 17, 47; statistics, 2-3, 3, 5; structural fill, 159, 161, 163-164, 240-241; subbase material, 26, 159-164; sulfur, 11; sulfuric acid, 11; wallboard, 24 Valley Power Plant, 30, 30, 141; map, 32; statistics, 26, 30 Valley Power Plant (bottom ash), chemical composition, 37; density, 38, 167; drainage, 167; elemental analysis, 208; hydraulic conductivity, 38; leaching, 210; moisture content, 38; permeability, 167; physical properties, 38; research, 170; size, 39, 42 Valley Power Plant (fly ash), chemical composition, 34, 135; elemental analysis, 204; fineness, 36, 135; leaching, 206; loss on ignition, 34; mercury, 224, 225; moisture content, 34; physical properties, 36, 135; research, 134-137, 140-143, 224, 225; soundness, 36; specific gravity, 36; strength, 36; water demand, 36 VAPP See Valley Power Plant Wallboard, 24 Water absorption, 115-116, 116 Water demand, 36, 55, 59, 62-63, 62-63, 110, 138 Water permeability See under Permeability We Energies, map, 32; pilot projects, 88, 88-105, 90-93, 153-154, 153-154, 163-165, 165, 169-170, 170, 174-175, 175, 185-192, 188, 192; power plants, 1, 2, 6, 26-31, 27-31 See also names of individual plants; recovery project, 174-175, 175; research on bottom ash, 37-46, 113, 159-164, 179-184; research on cenospheres, 199; research on cold-in place recycling, 185-192; research on concrete, 54- 88, 105-107, 117-128; research on controlled low strength material, 130- 152; research on emissions, 223-227; research on fly ash, 51-52, 54-88, 130-152, 179-184, 194-198, 213-214, 223-227; research on masonry products, 112-116, 179-184; research on metal-matrix composites, 194-198; sample specifications, 231-254; service area, 32; statistics, 3, 5, 26, 26-30, 37 Weight, boiler slag, 23; bottom ash, 22; concrete, 119, 119, 125, 131, 180, 181; controlled low strength material, 131, 135, 143, 144, 147, 148 Wells Street Power Plant, 2, 6 West Highland Avenue pilot project See under Pilot projects West Virginia Department of Transportation, 169 Wet unloaders, 11 Wisconsin Administrative Code, NR 428 See under Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Wisconsin Administrative Code, NR 538 See under Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, NR 428, 3-4; NR 538, 6, 170, 171-172, 175, 177, 203, 204- 213, 214, 215, 218-222, 240, 242, 244, 247, 249 Wisconsin Department of Transportation, 39, 43, 44, 45-46, 89, 90, 91, 108, 155, 161, 166, 168, 240, 242, 249 Wisconsin Electric Power Company, 229- 230 See also We Energies Workability, concrete, 50, 59, 64, 117, 118; controlled low strength material, 137 We Energies 288 Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
About the Authors Bruce W. Ramme Bruce W. Ramme is Manager-Land Quality in the Environmental Business Unit of We Energies in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is a registered Professional Engineer in Wisconsin and has a BS, MS and EMBA degrees from the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee in structural, civil engineering, and business administration. He has worked as an engineer and manager for over 25 years in various design engineering, project management, operations, and research positions. Part of his present work assignment is to develop high value uses and maintain full utilization of We Energies’ coal combustion products. Prior to joining We Energies, Bruce worked in plant engineering at A.O. Smith’s Powder Metallurgy Division, and as a structural engineer at Industrial Consulting Engineers, Inc. and Lakeside Bridge and Steel Company. Bruce is a member of ACI Committees: 229 Controlled Low Strength Materials, 213 Lightweight Aggregates, 230 Soil Cement, and 232 Fly Ash and Natural Pozzolans, and 555 Recycled Materials. Bruce is also a past president of the ACI Wisconsin Chapter and the Southeast Branch of the Wisconsin section of ASCE. Mathew P. Tharaniyil Mathew P. Tharaniyil is the President of Bloom Consultants, LLC in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He has a bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Calicut and a master’s degree in Structural engineering from the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. He served as Structural Engineer in the consulting industry and as a Civil/Structural Engineer for the City of Milwaukee for several years, before founding his own firm, Bloom Consultants, LLC in 1998. He is an active member of the Wisconsin Society of Professional Engineers and has served as President and Secretary/Treasurer of the Greater Milwaukee Chapter. He recently served as a Public Member on the Accounting Examination Board of the Wisconsin Department of Regulation and Licensing. Additionally, Mathew is a member of Heavy Movable Structures Association, Engineers and Scientists of Milwaukee and Associated General Contractors of America. In recognition of his accomplishments, he received the year 2000 “Outstanding Young Engineer of the Year” award from the Wisconsin Society of Professional Engineers. Mathew has also co-authored various technical papers on coal combustion products utilization in construction.
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Ramme - Tharaniyil Second Edition A
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This book is dedicated to all the i
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Contents Chapter 5 Controlled Low-S
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Contents Appendix A Product Data Sh
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Chapter 1 Background and History o
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The United States is the world's se
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are currently installed on about 25
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problems. In the late 1920’s, cin
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Chapter 2 CCPs and Electric Power
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for loading dry bulk semi tankers o
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Figure 2-2: Basic Diagram of an IGC
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Properties of Fly Ash Fly ash is a
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for air entraining admixtures, maki
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Fly ash is an artificial pozzolan.
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Table 2-6: Geotechnical Properties
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Table 2-9 shows the chemical compos
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Table 2-12: Typical Chemical Compos
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The following coal fired power plan
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All bottom ash is removed as necess
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ottom ash is removed by a hydraulic
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Chapter 3 Properties of We Energie
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that distribute and test fly ash to
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Physical, Chemical and Mechanical P
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However, some engineering propertie
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----------------------------U.S. ST
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Results of Testing to AASHTO Standa
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Table 3-8: Summary of We Energies B
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Chapter 4 Concrete and Concrete Ma
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alumina in the pozzolan may also re
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Dunstan summarized his work in term
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The level of shrinkage strains depe
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strength tests were performed at va
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Discussion of Test Results - 4,000
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Other important observations from t
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Figure 4-3: Compressive Strength vs
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300 290 AMOUNT OF WATER, lbs 280 27
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Table 4-8: PPPP ASTM C618 Class C F
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The final setting time for 5000 psi
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Table 4-12: Length Change* NON-AIR-
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Table 4-14: Freeze-Thaw Tests* (Air
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Abrasion resistance tests were perf
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Table 4-16: Compressive Strength Te
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4 DEPTH OF WEAR, mm @ 60 Minutes 3.
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Table 4-19: Mixture Proportions Usi
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12000 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI 100
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Table 4-21: Air Permeability Test R
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Table 4-22: Water Permeability Test
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Table 4-23: Chloride Permeability T
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Tax Incremental Financing (TIF) was
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Figure 4-20 : Maple Avenue roadway
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Figure 4-22: Finishing touch to We
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Table 4-26: Concrete Mixture and Si
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6. The high-volume Class C fly ash
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Table 4-31: Average Tensile Strengt
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Table 4-35: Changes in Ultrasonic P
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Table 4-38: Results of De-Icing Sal
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Table 4-40: Abrasion Resistance of
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Summary Based on the data recorded
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3.00 M 101.5 MM WRAPPED UNDERDRAIN
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mixture and concrete mixture. Also,
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Testing Program The testing program
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Test Results Table 4-46 shows the c
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Fly Ash Concrete for Precast/Prestr
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Table 4-49: Concrete Mixture Propor
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Figure 4-27: Electrical Resistance
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Table 4-51: Electrical Properties o
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fly ash by weight of total cementit
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Table 4-53: Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 5 Controlled Low-Strength
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Table 5-1: Mixture Proportions and
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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Table 5-3: Chemical and Fineness Te
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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and corresponding compressive stren
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conductivity tests were conducted u
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It can be concluded from this resea
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Table 5-13: Compressive Strength of
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(4) Compatible with copper, aluminu
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Mechanical Properties The compressi
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Figure 5-10: Electrical permeabilit
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Pilot Projects Using We Energies CL
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WisDOT Low Permeability CLSM with W
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material for foundations, changing
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Chapter 6 Commercial Applications
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The report also evaluated frost sus
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Field Study Following the initial s
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Figure 6-3: Bottom ash base course
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Table 6-2: Permeability and Drainag
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Bottom Ash as an Aggregate in Aspha
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Table 6-4: Total Elemental Analysis
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We Energies Bottom Ash as a Soil In
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The coal combustion materials landf
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The only other compounds detected t
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affect combustion. The resulting fl
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Table 6-7: Dry-Cast Concrete Block
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Table 6-10 Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 7 Fly Ash Stabilized Cold
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Using the back-calculated SN values
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Falling Weight Deflectometer tests
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unconfined compressive strength of
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Chapter 8 Fly Ash Metal Matrix Com
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The green density of the aluminum f
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Table 8-1: Alloy Samples Tested in
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Cenospheres Cenospheres are hollow,
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Chapter 9 Environmental Considerat
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judgment is required for new applic
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Table 9-2: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
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Table 9-3: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
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Table 9-4: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
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Table 9-5: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
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Table 9-7: ASTM D3987 Extraction An
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Table 9-8: Typical Heavy Metals Fou
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The voluntary C 2 P 2 Challenge Pro
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General Usage - NR 538 Applicabilit
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* Use Property Owner Notification -
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Mercury Removal-Ash Beneficiation (
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the air slide inlet was set at 538
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equired removal temperatures of 813
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Chapter 10 Minergy LWA - Structura
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Chapter 11 Sample Specifications
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Part 2 - Products 2.01 Concrete Mat
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3.02 Embedded Items A. All sleeves,
Page 245 and 246: C. Provide adequate number of units
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Page 249 and 250: show the strength of masonry strong
Page 251 and 252: 3.02 Bottom Ash Placing and Compact
Page 253 and 254: 3. The CLSM shall meet the followin
Page 255 and 256: 3.02 CLSM Depositing A. CLSM shall
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Page 259 and 260: D. Basis of Payment This item, meas
Page 261 and 262: If the reprocessed asphaltic base-f
Page 263 and 264: Chapter 12 References 1. American
Page 265 and 266: 33. University of Wisconsin-Milwauk
Page 267 and 268: 69. Naik, T.R., Kraus, R.N., and Si
Page 269 and 270: Appendix A Product Data Sheets Min
Page 271 and 272: Personal Protective Equipment Speci
Page 273 and 274: FirstAid Eyes Inhalation Ingestion
Page 275 and 276: Appendix B Radioactivity in Coal a
Page 277 and 278: annual number of curies of each of
Page 279 and 280: is divided among cosmic (30 mrem),
Page 281 and 282: constructed with fly ash building m
Page 283 and 284: Appendix C Field Guide for Recycli
Page 285 and 286: ‣ Blend the fly ash and prepared
Page 287 and 288: Index AASHTO See American Associati
Page 289 and 290: Index Backfill material, 6, 43, 138
Page 291 and 292: Index Disposal costs, 5 See also La
Page 293 and 294: Index Pavement, 26, 109, 187; botto
Page 295: Index Size, boiler slag, 22; bottom
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