We Energies Coal Combustion Products ... - The White House

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11.4 Specification for We Energies Flowable Fly Ash Slurry Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Part 1 - General 1.01 Section Includes A. Furnish and place controlled low strength material as backfill in trenches for culverts, conduit, storm sewers, utilities or similar structures, as a backfill behind bridge abutments or as a fill for retirement of sewers, tunnels, tanks, culverts or pipes. 1.02 References A. ACI 229R-94 Report: Controlled Low Strength Materials (CLSM) B. ACI 304 - Guide for measuring, mixing, transporting and placing concrete. C. Chapter NR 538 - Beneficial use of industrial by-products - Department of Natural Resources (Wisconsin Administrative Code). 1.03 Submittals A. Submit fly ash test results. B. Submit CLSM flow and compressive strength test results. C. Submit documentation that the fly ash used in this mixture meets the requirements of Industrial By-Products Categories 1, 2, 3 or 4 in NR 538 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code for use as a confined geotechnical fill. 1.04 Quality Assurance A. Comply with ACI 229R, except as modified in this section. B. Hire an independent testing laboratory, approved by the Engineer, to perform the work listed below. All costs for testing shall be paid by the Contractor. 1. Design CLSM mixes for each type of CLSM specified. 2. Cast CLSM cylinder for compressive strength test. 3. Measure flow of CLSM. 4. Test CLSM cylinders. C. CLSM Mix Design 1. CLSM shall consist of a designed mixture of cement and We Energies’ Valley Power Plant or Port Washington Power Plant bituminous coal fly ash and sometimes aggregate. 2. The designed mixture shall be self-leveling and shall be essentially free from shrinkage after hardening. The mixture shall be designed to reach a state of hardening such that it can support the weight of a person in no more than 24 hours. We Energies 244 Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
3. The CLSM shall meet the following criteria: Test Method Valve Flow ASTM D6103 10” (250 mm) ± 3” Compressive Strength ASTM D4832 20-200psi @ 28 days (140 - 1400 kPa) (The compressive strength values shown are guideline targets and actual cylinder breaks may vary considerably while still providing an acceptable and re-excavatable fill material. 100psi is 14,400 psf in soil terms, which is comparable to very compacted gravel to hard pan material.) D. CLSM Strength Tests 1. Mold and cure three specimens from each sample in accordance with ASTM D4832. Any deviations from the requirements of ASTM D4832 shall be recorded in the test report. 2. Test specimens in accordance with ASTM D4832. Two specimens shall be tested at 28 days for acceptance and one shall be tested at seven days for information. The acceptance test results shall be the average of the strength of the two specimens tested at 28 days. 3. Make at least one strength test for each 100 cu. yd., or fraction thereof, of each mixture design of CLSM placed in any one day. 4. A copy of the test results shall be furnished to the Engineer as soon as possible. 5. The Contractor shall pay all costs of CLSM cylinder testing. F. CLSM Flow Tests 1. The testing laboratory will determine the flow of CLSM from each truck in accordance with ASTM D6103. 2. If flow does not meet specifications, remove batch from work and dispose of off site. 3. The Contractor will pay all costs of flow testing. G. Hardening Time 1. On projects where hardening time is critical, the Owner/Engineer may at his/her discretion measure the hardening time in accordance with ASTM C403. 2. When measured in accordance with ASTM C403, the CLSM shall give a penetration number in the range of 500 to 1500. 3. All costs for measuring hardening time shall be paid by the Contractor. Part 2 – Products 2.01 CLSM Material A. Cement: Conform to ASTM C150, Type 1. Provide cement from one source. B. Aggregate: Conform to ASTM C33 unless approved by the Engineer. 245 We Energies Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
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Ramme - Tharaniyil Second Edition A
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This book is dedicated to all the i
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Contents Chapter 5 Controlled Low-S
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Contents Appendix A Product Data Sh
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Chapter 1 Background and History o
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The United States is the world's se
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are currently installed on about 25
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problems. In the late 1920’s, cin
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Chapter 2 CCPs and Electric Power
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for loading dry bulk semi tankers o
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Figure 2-2: Basic Diagram of an IGC
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Properties of Fly Ash Fly ash is a
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for air entraining admixtures, maki
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Fly ash is an artificial pozzolan.
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Table 2-6: Geotechnical Properties
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Table 2-9 shows the chemical compos
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Table 2-12: Typical Chemical Compos
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The following coal fired power plan
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All bottom ash is removed as necess
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ottom ash is removed by a hydraulic
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Chapter 3 Properties of We Energie
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that distribute and test fly ash to
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Physical, Chemical and Mechanical P
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However, some engineering propertie
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----------------------------U.S. ST
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Results of Testing to AASHTO Standa
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Table 3-8: Summary of We Energies B
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Chapter 4 Concrete and Concrete Ma
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alumina in the pozzolan may also re
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Dunstan summarized his work in term
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The level of shrinkage strains depe
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strength tests were performed at va
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Discussion of Test Results - 4,000
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Other important observations from t
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Figure 4-3: Compressive Strength vs
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300 290 AMOUNT OF WATER, lbs 280 27
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Table 4-8: PPPP ASTM C618 Class C F
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The final setting time for 5000 psi
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Table 4-12: Length Change* NON-AIR-
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Table 4-14: Freeze-Thaw Tests* (Air
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Abrasion resistance tests were perf
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Table 4-16: Compressive Strength Te
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4 DEPTH OF WEAR, mm @ 60 Minutes 3.
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Table 4-19: Mixture Proportions Usi
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12000 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI 100
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Table 4-21: Air Permeability Test R
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Table 4-22: Water Permeability Test
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Table 4-23: Chloride Permeability T
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Tax Incremental Financing (TIF) was
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Figure 4-20 : Maple Avenue roadway
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Figure 4-22: Finishing touch to We
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Table 4-26: Concrete Mixture and Si
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6. The high-volume Class C fly ash
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Table 4-31: Average Tensile Strengt
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Table 4-35: Changes in Ultrasonic P
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Table 4-38: Results of De-Icing Sal
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Table 4-40: Abrasion Resistance of
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Summary Based on the data recorded
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3.00 M 101.5 MM WRAPPED UNDERDRAIN
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mixture and concrete mixture. Also,
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Testing Program The testing program
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Test Results Table 4-46 shows the c
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Fly Ash Concrete for Precast/Prestr
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Table 4-49: Concrete Mixture Propor
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Figure 4-27: Electrical Resistance
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Table 4-51: Electrical Properties o
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fly ash by weight of total cementit
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Table 4-53: Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 5 Controlled Low-Strength
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Table 5-1: Mixture Proportions and
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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Table 5-3: Chemical and Fineness Te
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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and corresponding compressive stren
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conductivity tests were conducted u
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It can be concluded from this resea
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Table 5-13: Compressive Strength of
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(4) Compatible with copper, aluminu
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Mechanical Properties The compressi
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Figure 5-10: Electrical permeabilit
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Pilot Projects Using We Energies CL
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WisDOT Low Permeability CLSM with W
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material for foundations, changing
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Chapter 6 Commercial Applications
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The report also evaluated frost sus
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Field Study Following the initial s
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Figure 6-3: Bottom ash base course
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Table 6-2: Permeability and Drainag
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Bottom Ash as an Aggregate in Aspha
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Table 6-4: Total Elemental Analysis
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We Energies Bottom Ash as a Soil In
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The coal combustion materials landf
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The only other compounds detected t
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affect combustion. The resulting fl
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Table 6-7: Dry-Cast Concrete Block
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Table 6-10 Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 7 Fly Ash Stabilized Cold
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Using the back-calculated SN values
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Falling Weight Deflectometer tests
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unconfined compressive strength of
Page 201 and 202: Chapter 8 Fly Ash Metal Matrix Com
Page 203 and 204: The green density of the aluminum f
Page 205 and 206: Table 8-1: Alloy Samples Tested in
Page 207 and 208: Cenospheres Cenospheres are hollow,
Page 209 and 210: Chapter 9 Environmental Considerat
Page 211 and 212: judgment is required for new applic
Page 213 and 214: Table 9-2: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
Page 215 and 216: Table 9-3: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
Page 217 and 218: Table 9-4: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
Page 219 and 220: Table 9-5: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
Page 221 and 222: Table 9-7: ASTM D3987 Extraction An
Page 223 and 224: Table 9-8: Typical Heavy Metals Fou
Page 225 and 226: The voluntary C 2 P 2 Challenge Pro
Page 227 and 228: General Usage - NR 538 Applicabilit
Page 229 and 230: * Use Property Owner Notification -
Page 231 and 232: Mercury Removal-Ash Beneficiation (
Page 233 and 234: the air slide inlet was set at 538
Page 235 and 236: equired removal temperatures of 813
Page 237 and 238: Chapter 10 Minergy LWA - Structura
Page 239 and 240: Chapter 11 Sample Specifications
Page 241 and 242: Part 2 - Products 2.01 Concrete Mat
Page 243 and 244: 3.02 Embedded Items A. All sleeves,
Page 245 and 246: C. Provide adequate number of units
Page 247 and 248: B. Reinforce or replace deficient w
Page 249 and 250: show the strength of masonry strong
Page 251: 3.02 Bottom Ash Placing and Compact
Page 255 and 256: 3.02 CLSM Depositing A. CLSM shall
Page 257 and 258: 11.5 Sample Specification for We En
Page 259 and 260: D. Basis of Payment This item, meas
Page 261 and 262: If the reprocessed asphaltic base-f
Page 263 and 264: Chapter 12 References 1. American
Page 265 and 266: 33. University of Wisconsin-Milwauk
Page 267 and 268: 69. Naik, T.R., Kraus, R.N., and Si
Page 269 and 270: Appendix A Product Data Sheets Min
Page 271 and 272: Personal Protective Equipment Speci
Page 273 and 274: FirstAid Eyes Inhalation Ingestion
Page 275 and 276: Appendix B Radioactivity in Coal a
Page 277 and 278: annual number of curies of each of
Page 279 and 280: is divided among cosmic (30 mrem),
Page 281 and 282: constructed with fly ash building m
Page 283 and 284: Appendix C Field Guide for Recycli
Page 285 and 286: ‣ Blend the fly ash and prepared
Page 287 and 288: Index AASHTO See American Associati
Page 289 and 290: Index Backfill material, 6, 43, 138
Page 291 and 292: Index Disposal costs, 5 See also La
Page 293 and 294: Index Pavement, 26, 109, 187; botto
Page 295 and 296: Index Size, boiler slag, 22; bottom
Page 297: About the Authors Bruce W. Ramme B
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