We Energies Coal Combustion Products ... - The White House

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What is Fly Ash Stabilization Enhancing the strength of recycled asphalt pavement is simply applying controlled amounts of class ‘C’ fly ash to the CIR surface, thoroughly blending the ash with the recycled material and water, usually with a reclaimer or pulverizer, grading the material blend and compacting it. The stabilized material is now ready for paving. Why is stabilization done Stabilizing CIR materials with fly ash makes them dry, stronger, very stable and easy to grade. The self-cementing fly ash makes the recycled asphalt hard, strong and allows for interim traffic operations. Subsequent construction operations can proceed. What types of equipment are required Essential pieces of equipment include a distributor truck, a reclaimer [pulverizer] for blending, a grader, a pad-foot roller, a drum roller and a water truck. A bucket loader is also helpful. Who controls the work activities Ideally, the recycling contractor is in charge of operations and controls the work flow. Others involved are the fly ash supplier, engineers and contractors who are in charge of related work such as storm sewer or other utility work. The stabilizing contractor in any case is in charge of the operation and controls work flow. Is the process difficult Stabilizing CIR materials with self-cementing Class ‘C’ fly ash is easy, but there are several very critical elements in the operation. Is the sequence of work activities important The success of any stabilizing project depends on having the component activities planned and closely controlled throughout the process. The preferred sequence of activities follows: ‣ Prepare the site either by pre-pulverizing the existing HMA pavement and base course. ‣ Spread the fly ash in predetermined concentrations on the prepared surface. The preferred distributor is a vane feeder truck. We Energies 276 Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
‣ Blend the fly ash and prepared materials with the reclaimer and add a pre-determined amount of water to the mixture. A reclaimer equipped with an injection manifold is ideal for the addition of water. ‣ Compact the blended material with a pad-foot roller in vibratory mode if the site will tolerate it and grade the surface to comply with design requirements. ‣ Complete final grading and roll with the drum roller. The surface is now ready for paving. Are there any cautions in the process Plan the work and layout the site before the work starts. Make sure all equipment operators understand the importance of controlling the operation. Control the distribution of fly ash so the vane feeder does not get too far ahead of the blending operation. Be sure to have an adequate supply of ash on site and in delivery. Control the transfer of ash to the distributor truck. During ash material transfer operations and other activities, it is crucial to keep trucks and equipment from running through the newly placed ash. The material will not be influenced too much by wind unless it is disturbed. Preserving environmental integrity is critical. Since fly ash undergoes a change through hydration [much like cement does in concrete] it is very important to begin grading operations as soon as the fly ash is distributed and blended. Open time during warm weather is 2-3 hours. After that, achieving good surface results becomes more difficult. Keep in mind, Class C fly ash enhanced materials will get hard and gain strength. The contractor should carefully watch the yield of the fly ash during distribution. Pace or measure the remaining work and estimate volume requirements. Compare the data with fly ash supply. Avoid over or under treating any of the work areas. The reclaimer operator must assure that no areas where ash is distributed are not properly mixed or blended. Some overlap is better than leaving strips or other areas unmixed. Care needs to be taken to keep fly ash out of roadside ditches and off adjacent private property. 277 We Energies Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
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Ramme - Tharaniyil Second Edition A
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This book is dedicated to all the i
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Contents Chapter 5 Controlled Low-S
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Contents Appendix A Product Data Sh
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Chapter 1 Background and History o
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The United States is the world's se
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are currently installed on about 25
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problems. In the late 1920’s, cin
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Chapter 2 CCPs and Electric Power
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for loading dry bulk semi tankers o
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Figure 2-2: Basic Diagram of an IGC
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Properties of Fly Ash Fly ash is a
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for air entraining admixtures, maki
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Fly ash is an artificial pozzolan.
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Table 2-6: Geotechnical Properties
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Table 2-9 shows the chemical compos
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Table 2-12: Typical Chemical Compos
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The following coal fired power plan
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All bottom ash is removed as necess
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ottom ash is removed by a hydraulic
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Chapter 3 Properties of We Energie
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that distribute and test fly ash to
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Physical, Chemical and Mechanical P
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However, some engineering propertie
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----------------------------U.S. ST
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Results of Testing to AASHTO Standa
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Table 3-8: Summary of We Energies B
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Chapter 4 Concrete and Concrete Ma
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alumina in the pozzolan may also re
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Dunstan summarized his work in term
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The level of shrinkage strains depe
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strength tests were performed at va
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Discussion of Test Results - 4,000
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Other important observations from t
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Figure 4-3: Compressive Strength vs
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300 290 AMOUNT OF WATER, lbs 280 27
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Table 4-8: PPPP ASTM C618 Class C F
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The final setting time for 5000 psi
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Table 4-12: Length Change* NON-AIR-
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Table 4-14: Freeze-Thaw Tests* (Air
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Abrasion resistance tests were perf
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Table 4-16: Compressive Strength Te
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4 DEPTH OF WEAR, mm @ 60 Minutes 3.
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Table 4-19: Mixture Proportions Usi
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12000 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI 100
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Table 4-21: Air Permeability Test R
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Table 4-22: Water Permeability Test
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Table 4-23: Chloride Permeability T
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Tax Incremental Financing (TIF) was
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Figure 4-20 : Maple Avenue roadway
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Figure 4-22: Finishing touch to We
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Table 4-26: Concrete Mixture and Si
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6. The high-volume Class C fly ash
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Table 4-31: Average Tensile Strengt
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Table 4-35: Changes in Ultrasonic P
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Table 4-38: Results of De-Icing Sal
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Table 4-40: Abrasion Resistance of
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Summary Based on the data recorded
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3.00 M 101.5 MM WRAPPED UNDERDRAIN
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mixture and concrete mixture. Also,
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Testing Program The testing program
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Test Results Table 4-46 shows the c
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Fly Ash Concrete for Precast/Prestr
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Table 4-49: Concrete Mixture Propor
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Figure 4-27: Electrical Resistance
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Table 4-51: Electrical Properties o
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fly ash by weight of total cementit
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Table 4-53: Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 5 Controlled Low-Strength
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Table 5-1: Mixture Proportions and
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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Table 5-3: Chemical and Fineness Te
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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and corresponding compressive stren
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conductivity tests were conducted u
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It can be concluded from this resea
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Table 5-13: Compressive Strength of
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(4) Compatible with copper, aluminu
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Mechanical Properties The compressi
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Figure 5-10: Electrical permeabilit
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Pilot Projects Using We Energies CL
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WisDOT Low Permeability CLSM with W
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material for foundations, changing
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Chapter 6 Commercial Applications
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The report also evaluated frost sus
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Field Study Following the initial s
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Figure 6-3: Bottom ash base course
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Table 6-2: Permeability and Drainag
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Bottom Ash as an Aggregate in Aspha
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Table 6-4: Total Elemental Analysis
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We Energies Bottom Ash as a Soil In
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The coal combustion materials landf
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The only other compounds detected t
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affect combustion. The resulting fl
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Table 6-7: Dry-Cast Concrete Block
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Table 6-10 Compressive Strength of
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Chapter 7 Fly Ash Stabilized Cold
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Using the back-calculated SN values
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Falling Weight Deflectometer tests
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unconfined compressive strength of
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Chapter 8 Fly Ash Metal Matrix Com
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The green density of the aluminum f
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Table 8-1: Alloy Samples Tested in
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Cenospheres Cenospheres are hollow,
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Chapter 9 Environmental Considerat
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judgment is required for new applic
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Table 9-2: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
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Table 9-3: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
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Table 9-4: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
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Table 9-5: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
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Table 9-7: ASTM D3987 Extraction An
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Table 9-8: Typical Heavy Metals Fou
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The voluntary C 2 P 2 Challenge Pro
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General Usage - NR 538 Applicabilit
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* Use Property Owner Notification -
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Mercury Removal-Ash Beneficiation (
Page 233 and 234: the air slide inlet was set at 538
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Page 237 and 238: Chapter 10 Minergy LWA - Structura
Page 239 and 240: Chapter 11 Sample Specifications
Page 241 and 242: Part 2 - Products 2.01 Concrete Mat
Page 243 and 244: 3.02 Embedded Items A. All sleeves,
Page 245 and 246: C. Provide adequate number of units
Page 247 and 248: B. Reinforce or replace deficient w
Page 249 and 250: show the strength of masonry strong
Page 251 and 252: 3.02 Bottom Ash Placing and Compact
Page 253 and 254: 3. The CLSM shall meet the followin
Page 255 and 256: 3.02 CLSM Depositing A. CLSM shall
Page 257 and 258: 11.5 Sample Specification for We En
Page 259 and 260: D. Basis of Payment This item, meas
Page 261 and 262: If the reprocessed asphaltic base-f
Page 263 and 264: Chapter 12 References 1. American
Page 265 and 266: 33. University of Wisconsin-Milwauk
Page 267 and 268: 69. Naik, T.R., Kraus, R.N., and Si
Page 269 and 270: Appendix A Product Data Sheets Min
Page 271 and 272: Personal Protective Equipment Speci
Page 273 and 274: FirstAid Eyes Inhalation Ingestion
Page 275 and 276: Appendix B Radioactivity in Coal a
Page 277 and 278: annual number of curies of each of
Page 279 and 280: is divided among cosmic (30 mrem),
Page 281 and 282: constructed with fly ash building m
Page 283: Appendix C Field Guide for Recycli
Page 287 and 288: Index AASHTO See American Associati
Page 289 and 290: Index Backfill material, 6, 43, 138
Page 291 and 292: Index Disposal costs, 5 See also La
Page 293 and 294: Index Pavement, 26, 109, 187; botto
Page 295 and 296: Index Size, boiler slag, 22; bottom
Page 297: About the Authors Bruce W. Ramme B
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