We Energies Coal Combustion Products ... - The White House

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AVERAGE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 P4-7 P4-8 3000 P4-9 2000 P4-10 P4-11 1000 P4-12 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 AGE, days Figure 4–2: Compressive Strength vs. Age Comparison – Mix Nos. P4-7 through P4-12 Table 4-6: PPPP Class C Fly Ash Concrete Strength Test Data - 4000 psi (28 MPA) Specified Strength Mix No. P4-7 P4-8 P4-9 P4-10 P4-11 P4-12 Specified strength, psi Percent fly ash Test Age. days 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 0 20 30 40 50 60 Compressive Strength, psi Actual Avg Actual Avg Actual Avg Actual Avg Actual Avg Actual Avg 1* 2068 2163 1868 1658 1233 514 1* 2041 2055 2134 2148 1887 1893 1648 1647 1220 1240 472 490 1* 2057 2148 1924 1636 1267 484 3 2476 2786 2393 2218 1767 40** 3 2579 2548 2789 2808 2509 2436 2194 2181 1805 1793 39** 3 2590 2849 2407 2131 1807 43** 7 3597 3815 3520 3423 3461 70** 7 3476 3521 3899 3828 3689 3625 3524 3411 3327 3395 78** 7 3490 3769 3667 3286 3398 88** 28 4779 5189 5110 5995 5746 4895 28 4706 4612 5140 5102 5685 5471 5628 5840 5719 5749 5030 4858 28 4350 4976 5618 5897 5782 4648 56 5262 5964 6628 7139 6912 6787 56 5172 5183 5926 6034 6751 6811 6621 6967 6737 6825 6659 6694 56 5114 6211 7054 7142 6827 6635 91 5382 5871 6613 6560 7348 7372 91 5284 5249 6172 6075 6672 6742 7310 7075 7557 7387 6731 7057 91 5080 6182 6942 7354 7257 7068 * After Accelerated Curing, Using Boiling Water Method ** Cylinders were green when tested. We Energies 60 Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
Figure 4-3: Compressive Strength vs. Age Comparison – Mix Nos. P4-13 through P4-18 Table 4-7: PPPP Class C Fly Ash Concrete Strength Test Data - 5000 psi (34 MPA) Specified Strength Mix No. P4-13 P4-14 P4-15 P4-16 P4-17 P4-18 Specified strength, psi Percent fly ash Test Age. days 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 0 20 30 40 50 60 Compressive Strength, psi Act. Avg Act. Avg Act. Avg Act. Avg Act. Avg Act. Avg 1* 1* 2579 2498 2519 2438 2441 2448 2089 2041 2044 1938 1965 1942 1210 1234 1230 1315 1360 1* 2481 2465 2003 1924 1246 1332 3 2839 3115 2570 2390 287** 111** 3 2930 2904 2936 2987 2570 2591 2379 2390 369** 324** 117 3 2944 2909 2632 2401 285** 120** 7 3811 4130 3762 3913 3430 203** 7 4028 3902 4220 4168 3935 3854 3811 3892 3409 3392 206** 7 3868 4154 3864 3952 3338 203** 28 5002 6412 5839 6851 6919 5795 28 5484 5300 6381 6353 6102 5993 6786 6864 7045 6935 6079 28 5413 6266 6038 6954 6842 5919 56 5803 6653 7240 7565 8174 7803 56 5856 5848 6624 6667 7031 7148 7350 7452 8079 8237 7834 56 5885 6723 7173 7442 8457 7749 91 5900 7025 7179 8086 9012 8504 91 6315 6134 7400 7209 7835 7519 8133 8004 9016 9012 8274 91 6188 7201 7542 7792 9007 8701 * After Accelerated Curing, Using Boiling Water Method **Cylinders were green when tested. 1336 116** 205** 5931 7795 8493 61 We Energies Coal Combustion Products Utilization Handbook
Page 1 and 2:
Ramme - Tharaniyil Second Edition A
Page 3 and 4:
This book is dedicated to all the i
Page 5 and 6:
Contents Chapter 5 Controlled Low-S
Page 7 and 8:
Contents Appendix A Product Data Sh
Page 9 and 10:
Chapter 1 Background and History o
Page 11 and 12:
The United States is the world's se
Page 13 and 14:
are currently installed on about 25
Page 15 and 16:
problems. In the late 1920’s, cin
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 2 CCPs and Electric Power
Page 19 and 20: for loading dry bulk semi tankers o
Page 21 and 22: Figure 2-2: Basic Diagram of an IGC
Page 23 and 24: Properties of Fly Ash Fly ash is a
Page 25 and 26: for air entraining admixtures, maki
Page 27 and 28: Fly ash is an artificial pozzolan.
Page 29 and 30: Table 2-6: Geotechnical Properties
Page 31 and 32: Table 2-9 shows the chemical compos
Page 33 and 34: Table 2-12: Typical Chemical Compos
Page 35 and 36: The following coal fired power plan
Page 37 and 38: All bottom ash is removed as necess
Page 39 and 40: ottom ash is removed by a hydraulic
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3 Properties of We Energie
Page 43 and 44: that distribute and test fly ash to
Page 45 and 46: Physical, Chemical and Mechanical P
Page 47 and 48: However, some engineering propertie
Page 49 and 50: ----------------------------U.S. ST
Page 51 and 52: Results of Testing to AASHTO Standa
Page 53 and 54: Table 3-8: Summary of We Energies B
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 4 Concrete and Concrete Ma
Page 57 and 58: alumina in the pozzolan may also re
Page 59 and 60: Dunstan summarized his work in term
Page 61 and 62: The level of shrinkage strains depe
Page 63 and 64: strength tests were performed at va
Page 65 and 66: Discussion of Test Results - 4,000
Page 67: Other important observations from t
Page 71 and 72: 300 290 AMOUNT OF WATER, lbs 280 27
Page 73 and 74: Table 4-8: PPPP ASTM C618 Class C F
Page 75 and 76: The final setting time for 5000 psi
Page 77 and 78: Table 4-12: Length Change* NON-AIR-
Page 79 and 80: Table 4-14: Freeze-Thaw Tests* (Air
Page 81 and 82: Abrasion resistance tests were perf
Page 83 and 84: Table 4-16: Compressive Strength Te
Page 85 and 86: 4 DEPTH OF WEAR, mm @ 60 Minutes 3.
Page 87 and 88: Table 4-19: Mixture Proportions Usi
Page 89 and 90: 12000 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI 100
Page 91 and 92: Table 4-21: Air Permeability Test R
Page 93 and 94: Table 4-22: Water Permeability Test
Page 95 and 96: Table 4-23: Chloride Permeability T
Page 97 and 98: Tax Incremental Financing (TIF) was
Page 99 and 100: Figure 4-20 : Maple Avenue roadway
Page 101 and 102: Figure 4-22: Finishing touch to We
Page 103 and 104: Table 4-26: Concrete Mixture and Si
Page 105 and 106: 6. The high-volume Class C fly ash
Page 107 and 108: Table 4-31: Average Tensile Strengt
Page 109 and 110: Table 4-35: Changes in Ultrasonic P
Page 111 and 112: Table 4-38: Results of De-Icing Sal
Page 113 and 114: Table 4-40: Abrasion Resistance of
Page 115 and 116: Summary Based on the data recorded
Page 117 and 118: 3.00 M 101.5 MM WRAPPED UNDERDRAIN
Page 119 and 120:
mixture and concrete mixture. Also,
Page 121 and 122:
Testing Program The testing program
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Test Results Table 4-46 shows the c
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Fly Ash Concrete for Precast/Prestr
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Table 4-49: Concrete Mixture Propor
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Figure 4-27: Electrical Resistance
Page 131 and 132:
Table 4-51: Electrical Properties o
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fly ash by weight of total cementit
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Table 4-53: Compressive Strength of
Page 137 and 138:
Chapter 5 Controlled Low-Strength
Page 139 and 140:
Table 5-1: Mixture Proportions and
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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Table 5-3: Chemical and Fineness Te
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1800 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, psi 1600
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and corresponding compressive stren
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conductivity tests were conducted u
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It can be concluded from this resea
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Table 5-13: Compressive Strength of
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(4) Compatible with copper, aluminu
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Mechanical Properties The compressi
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Figure 5-10: Electrical permeabilit
Page 161 and 162:
Pilot Projects Using We Energies CL
Page 163 and 164:
WisDOT Low Permeability CLSM with W
Page 165 and 166:
material for foundations, changing
Page 167 and 168:
Chapter 6 Commercial Applications
Page 169 and 170:
The report also evaluated frost sus
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Field Study Following the initial s
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Figure 6-3: Bottom ash base course
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Table 6-2: Permeability and Drainag
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Bottom Ash as an Aggregate in Aspha
Page 179 and 180:
Table 6-4: Total Elemental Analysis
Page 181 and 182:
We Energies Bottom Ash as a Soil In
Page 183 and 184:
The coal combustion materials landf
Page 185 and 186:
The only other compounds detected t
Page 187 and 188:
affect combustion. The resulting fl
Page 189 and 190:
Table 6-7: Dry-Cast Concrete Block
Page 191 and 192:
Table 6-10 Compressive Strength of
Page 193 and 194:
Chapter 7 Fly Ash Stabilized Cold
Page 195 and 196:
Using the back-calculated SN values
Page 197 and 198:
Falling Weight Deflectometer tests
Page 199 and 200:
unconfined compressive strength of
Page 201 and 202:
Chapter 8 Fly Ash Metal Matrix Com
Page 203 and 204:
The green density of the aluminum f
Page 205 and 206:
Table 8-1: Alloy Samples Tested in
Page 207 and 208:
Cenospheres Cenospheres are hollow,
Page 209 and 210:
Chapter 9 Environmental Considerat
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judgment is required for new applic
Page 213 and 214:
Table 9-2: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
Page 215 and 216:
Table 9-3: NR 538 Fly Ash Analysis
Page 217 and 218:
Table 9-4: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
Page 219 and 220:
Table 9-5: NR 538 Bottom Ash Analys
Page 221 and 222:
Table 9-7: ASTM D3987 Extraction An
Page 223 and 224:
Table 9-8: Typical Heavy Metals Fou
Page 225 and 226:
The voluntary C 2 P 2 Challenge Pro
Page 227 and 228:
General Usage - NR 538 Applicabilit
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* Use Property Owner Notification -
Page 231 and 232:
Mercury Removal-Ash Beneficiation (
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the air slide inlet was set at 538
Page 235 and 236:
equired removal temperatures of 813
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Chapter 10 Minergy LWA - Structura
Page 239 and 240:
Chapter 11 Sample Specifications
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Part 2 - Products 2.01 Concrete Mat
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3.02 Embedded Items A. All sleeves,
Page 245 and 246:
C. Provide adequate number of units
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B. Reinforce or replace deficient w
Page 249 and 250:
show the strength of masonry strong
Page 251 and 252:
3.02 Bottom Ash Placing and Compact
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3. The CLSM shall meet the followin
Page 255 and 256:
3.02 CLSM Depositing A. CLSM shall
Page 257 and 258:
11.5 Sample Specification for We En
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D. Basis of Payment This item, meas
Page 261 and 262:
If the reprocessed asphaltic base-f
Page 263 and 264:
Chapter 12 References 1. American
Page 265 and 266:
33. University of Wisconsin-Milwauk
Page 267 and 268:
69. Naik, T.R., Kraus, R.N., and Si
Page 269 and 270:
Appendix A Product Data Sheets Min
Page 271 and 272:
Personal Protective Equipment Speci
Page 273 and 274:
FirstAid Eyes Inhalation Ingestion
Page 275 and 276:
Appendix B Radioactivity in Coal a
Page 277 and 278:
annual number of curies of each of
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is divided among cosmic (30 mrem),
Page 281 and 282:
constructed with fly ash building m
Page 283 and 284:
Appendix C Field Guide for Recycli
Page 285 and 286:
‣ Blend the fly ash and prepared
Page 287 and 288:
Index AASHTO See American Associati
Page 289 and 290:
Index Backfill material, 6, 43, 138
Page 291 and 292:
Index Disposal costs, 5 See also La
Page 293 and 294:
Index Pavement, 26, 109, 187; botto
Page 295 and 296:
Index Size, boiler slag, 22; bottom
Page 297:
About the Authors Bruce W. Ramme B
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