Gaps in shielding are more likely to occur <strong>where</strong> different forms <strong>of</strong> shielding meet. Typical problems encountered are: • <strong>The</strong>re may not be sufficient overlap between walls and shielded doorframes/window frames. Similarly there may not be sufficient overlap between shielded doors and doorframes or windows and window frames. • <strong>The</strong> integrity <strong>of</strong> the joints between lead sheets may not be sufficient. • Where sockets, switches, plumbing, or ducting, etc. breach the shielding, these areas may not be adequately protected. • Joints between ceilings and walls may not be adequately shielded. • Panels, <strong>where</strong> the lead lining does not extend the full length <strong>of</strong> the panel, may be installed incorrectly (Section 6.3.1). <strong>The</strong>se problems can be detected by checking boundary transmission at the appropriate places. 86 <strong>The</strong> <strong>Design</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Diagnostic</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>where</strong> Ionising Radiation is used
References Anderson J., Mathews D., 2002. Site Planning and Radiation Safety in the PET Facility, Paper presented at 44th AAPM Meeting held in Montreal, 2002. AAPM, 2006. American Association <strong>of</strong> Physicists in Medicine, AAPM Task Group 108: PET and PET/CT Shielding Requirements. Med. Phys. 33, 1, 2006. BIR, 2000. Radiation Shielding for <strong>Diagnostic</strong> X‐rays, Report <strong>of</strong> a joint BIR/IPEM working party. Edited by D.G. Sutton and J.R. Williams. London: British Institute <strong>of</strong> Radiology. BSI, 2006. BS EN 12588:2006. Lead and Lead Alloys. Rolled Lead Sheet for Building Purposes. BSI British Standards. Delacroix, D., Guerre, J.P., Leblanc, P., Hickman, C., 2002 Radionuclide and Radiation Protection Data Handbook, 2002, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 98 (1), 2002. DH, 2007. Department <strong>of</strong> Health, UK, Medicines Management : Health Building Note 14-01: Pharmacy and Radiopharmacy facilities. London: <strong>The</strong> Stationery Office 2007. EANM, 2007. Guidelines on Current Good Radiopharmacy Practice (cGRPP) in the Preparation <strong>of</strong> Radiopharmaceuticals. European Association <strong>of</strong> Nuclear Medicine, Version 2, March 2007. EC, 1996a. Council Directive 96/29/Euratom <strong>of</strong> 13 May laying down basic safety standards for the protection <strong>of</strong> the health <strong>of</strong> workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionising radiation. Official Journal <strong>of</strong> the European Communities, L159, 29/6/1996, p. 1-114. EC, 1996b. European Guidelines on Quality Criteria for <strong>Diagnostic</strong> Radiographic Images, EUR 16260. Luxembourg: European Commission. EC, 1997. Council Directive 97/43/Euratom on the health protection <strong>of</strong> individuals against the dangers <strong>of</strong> ionising radiation in relation to medical exposures. Official Journal <strong>of</strong> the European Communities, L180, 09/07/1997, p. 22-27. EC, 2003. Eudralex Guidelines, Volume 4 – Medicinal Products for Human & Veterinary Use: Good Manufacturing Practice, Chapter 3 & Annex 3, Luxembourg: European Commission. Health Canada, 1999. X‐ray Equipment in <strong>Medical</strong> Diagnosis, Safety Code 20A, revised 1999. Minister <strong>of</strong> Public Works and Government Services, Canada. ICRP, 1977. Recommendations <strong>of</strong> the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 26. Annals <strong>of</strong> the ICRP, 1 (3). ICRP, 1991. Recommendations <strong>of</strong> the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 60. Annals <strong>of</strong> the ICRP, 21, (1-3). <strong>The</strong> <strong>Design</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Diagnostic</strong> <strong>Medical</strong> <strong>Facilities</strong> <strong>where</strong> Ionising Radiation is used 87