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ICRP. 2007. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 103, Annals of the ICRP, 37, (2-4). IEC, 2008. Medical Electrical Equipment Part 1-3: General Requirements for Basic Safety and Essential Performance. Collateral Standard: Radiation Protection in Diagnostic X‐ray Equipment, International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC: 60601-1-3:2008. IPSM, 1991. Radiation Protection in Nuclear Medicine and Pathology. Editors: KE Goldstone, PC Jackson, MJ Myers, AE Simpson. Report No 63, York: Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine. Johnson, D.A., Brennan, P.C., 2000. Reference Dose Levels for Patients Undergoing Common Diagnostic Examinations in Irish Hospitals. Br. J. Radiol. 73, p. 396 – 402. MDGN, 2002. Medical and Dental Guidance Notes. A Good Practice Guide on All Aspects of Ionising Radiation Protection in the Clinical Environment, Prepared by the IPEM with the support of the NRPB, HSE, the Health Departments and the Environment Agencies, UK, 2002. Medical Council, 2005. Dose Constraints for Helpers – Position Paper, 2004. Circular to CEOs, December 2005. NCRP, 2004. Structural Shielding Design for Medical X‐ray Imaging Facilities, Report no. 147. Bethesda: National Council on Radiation Protection. NHS, 2001. Facilities for Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Health Service, HBN 6, NHS Estates, London Stationery Office. NHS, 2002. Diagnostic Imaging: PACS and Specialist Imaging, HBN 6 Volume 2, NHS Estates, London Stationery Office. NRPB, 1993. National Radiological Protection Board Statement on the 1990 Recommendations of ICRP. Documents of the NRPB, 4 (1). Chilton: NRPB. NRPB, 2002. Doses to Patients from Medical X‐ray Examinations in the UK – 2000 Review, Hart D et al., NRPB Report W-14. Chilton: NRPB. NRPB, 2005. Doses from Computed Tomography (CT) Examinations in the UK – 2003 Review, P.C. Shrimpton et al., NRPB Report W67. Chilton: NRPB. RPII, 1996. Code of Practice for Radiological Protection in Dentistry, prepared by the Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland, in conjunction with the Department of Health and the Dental Council. Dublin: Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland. RPII, 2001. Guidance Note on Dose Constraints, Dublin: Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland. 88 The Design of Diagnostic Medical Facilities where Ionising Radiation is used
RPII, 2004, Guidance Notes on Radiation Risk Assessment. Dublin: Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland. Saha Gopal, B., 2004, Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy, 5th Ed, Ed. Springer. Shleien B, Slaback, L.A., Birky, B.K., 1998. The Handbook of Health Physics and Radiological Health, 3rd ed., Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. Simpkin, D.J., 1995. Transmission Data for Shielding Diagnostic X‐ray Facilities, Health Physics, 68 (5) p. 704- 709. Stationery Office, 1991. Radiological Protection Act, 1991. No. 9 of 1991. Dublin: Stationery Office. Stationery Office, 2000. Radiological Protection Act, 1991 (Ionising Radiation) Order, 2000, S.I. No. 125 of 2000. Dublin: Stationery Office. Stationery Office, 2002. European Communities (Medical Ionising Radiation Protection) Regulations, 2002, S.I. No. 478 of 2002. Dublin: Stationery Office. Stationery Office, 2007. European Communities (Medical Ionising Radiation Protection) (Amendment) Regulations 2007, S.I. No. 303 of 2007). Dublin: Stationery Office. WHO, 1974. Manual on Radiation Protection in Hospitals and General Practice. Volume 1, Basic Protection Requirements. Geneva: World Health Organisation. WHO, 1975. Manual on Radiation Protection in Hospitals and General Practice, Volume 3, X‐ray Diagnosis. Geneva: World Health Organisation. Williams, J., Sutton, D., 2005. Factors for Calculating the Attenuation of Barium Plaster. Br. J. Radiol, 78 (935), p. 1061. The Design of Diagnostic Medical Facilities where Ionising Radiation is used 89
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RPII 09/01 The Design of Diagnostic
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Foreword The original Code of Pract
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4. Nuclear medicine 35 4.1 Introduc
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1. Legal and administrative framewo
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e made as soon as possible. It shou
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It should be noted that it is the u
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Records should be kept as they will
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2. Identify the persons (staff and
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3.1.3 Computed Tomography (CT) CT a
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Photo 3.2: Interventional X‐ray r
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3.3 Radiography rooms 3.3.1 General
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X Figure 3.2: Dedicated chest room
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Figure 3.4: DXA room Operator’s c
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Figure 3.5b: A dental radiography s
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Radiation shielding calculations fo
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There are large variations in the s
Page 34 and 35:
e assessed by the RPA as part of th
Page 36 and 37:
The trailer must be sited in an are
Page 38 and 39:
It is recognised worldwide that the
Page 40 and 41: The operator console should be loca
Page 42 and 43: Figure 4.3: A possible layout for a
Page 44 and 45: The workstation should be adequatel
Page 46 and 47: uptake probe and associated equipme
Page 48 and 49: The layout of the department should
Page 50 and 51: The control/console room should pro
Page 52 and 53: 5. Shielding calculations 5.1 Gener
Page 54 and 55: Table 5.2: Suggested minimum distan
Page 56 and 57: Table 5.4: Workload data from NCRP
Page 58 and 59: 5.2.4 Primary radiation A barrier i
Page 60 and 61: The primary beam will be attenuated
Page 62 and 63: 1 χ = ln αγ B −γ 1+ + β α
Page 64 and 65: . The reduction in the dose rate fr
Page 66 and 67: R D(t) = . t D(0) × t Equation 5.8
Page 68 and 69: 5.3.1 Radiology shielding calculati
Page 70 and 71: Example 2: Dedicated chest room (BI
Page 72 and 73: Example 4: Dental X‐ray room (BIR
Page 74 and 75: Example 6: Shielding required for a
Page 76 and 77: 6. Some practical considerations 6.
Page 78 and 79: 6.1.4 Brick There are many types of
Page 80 and 81: Walls are generally shielded to ful
Page 82 and 83: 6.3.3 Doors As illustrated in Chapt
Page 84 and 85: Photo 6.4 Lead blinds protecting wi
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 2). It is becoming common t
Page 88 and 89: Gaps in shielding are more likely t
Page 92 and 93: Appendices Appendix A: Dose limits
Page 94 and 95: Appendix C: Radiation transmission
Page 96 and 97: Figure C.1: Transmission of primary
Page 98 and 99: Figure C.5: 2 mm lead equivalent th
Page 100 and 101: Table D.3: Physical properties & ef
Page 102 and 103: Appendix E: Schematic diagrams of r
Page 104 and 105: Figure E.7: Shielding around the ed
Page 106 and 107: Figure F. 3: Sample radiation warni
Page 108 and 109: Notes 106 The Design of Diagnostic
Page 110: Notes 108 The Design of Diagnostic
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