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Figure C.5: 2 mm lead equivalent thickness at varying kVp Thickness (mm) 700 600 500 400 300 200 gypsum brick plate glass concrete ba plaster steel 100 0 30 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 kVp Compiled from various sources Figure C.6: Lead equivalence of various materials at 75 kVp 500 450 400 350 Thickness (mm) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 CODE 3 (1.32mm) CODE 4 (1.8mm) CODE 5 (2.24mm) gypsum 1 2 3 4 CODE 6 (2.65mm) CODE 7 (3.15mm) brick plate glass concrete steel CODE 8 (3.55mm) Lead Equivalent Thickness (mm) Compiled from various sources 96 The Design of Diagnostic Medical Facilities where Ionising Radiation is used
Appendix D: Nuclear medicine radionuclide data Table D.1: Half value thickness (mm lead) for radionuclides used in nuclear medicine Radionuclide Half Value Layer (mm lead) a Tenth Value thickness (mm lead) b a b 123 I 1.0 c 1.2 133 Xe 0.2 ≤0.7 201 Tl 0.23 ≤0.9 99m Tc 0.3 0.9 67 Ga 0.66 5.3 131 I 3.0 11 111 In 1.3 2.5 82 Rb 6.0 - 15 O 5.5 17 c 11 C 5.5 17 c 18 F 5.5 17 c 13 N 5.5 17 c 125 I - ≈0.06 In general the use of 10 half-value layers will reduce the intensity to 1,000th of the unshielded value. γ attenuation data are derived from tables published by Amersham International plc and are for guidance only; they do not take account of low energy (
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RPII 09/01 The Design of Diagnostic
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Foreword The original Code of Pract
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4. Nuclear medicine 35 4.1 Introduc
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1. Legal and administrative framewo
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e made as soon as possible. It shou
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It should be noted that it is the u
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Records should be kept as they will
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2. Identify the persons (staff and
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3.1.3 Computed Tomography (CT) CT a
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Photo 3.2: Interventional X‐ray r
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3.3 Radiography rooms 3.3.1 General
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X Figure 3.2: Dedicated chest room
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Figure 3.4: DXA room Operator’s c
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Figure 3.5b: A dental radiography s
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Radiation shielding calculations fo
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There are large variations in the s
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e assessed by the RPA as part of th
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The trailer must be sited in an are
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It is recognised worldwide that the
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The operator console should be loca
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Figure 4.3: A possible layout for a
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The workstation should be adequatel
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uptake probe and associated equipme
Page 48 and 49: The layout of the department should
Page 50 and 51: The control/console room should pro
Page 52 and 53: 5. Shielding calculations 5.1 Gener
Page 54 and 55: Table 5.2: Suggested minimum distan
Page 56 and 57: Table 5.4: Workload data from NCRP
Page 58 and 59: 5.2.4 Primary radiation A barrier i
Page 60 and 61: The primary beam will be attenuated
Page 62 and 63: 1 χ = ln αγ B −γ 1+ + β α
Page 64 and 65: . The reduction in the dose rate fr
Page 66 and 67: R D(t) = . t D(0) × t Equation 5.8
Page 68 and 69: 5.3.1 Radiology shielding calculati
Page 70 and 71: Example 2: Dedicated chest room (BI
Page 72 and 73: Example 4: Dental X‐ray room (BIR
Page 74 and 75: Example 6: Shielding required for a
Page 76 and 77: 6. Some practical considerations 6.
Page 78 and 79: 6.1.4 Brick There are many types of
Page 80 and 81: Walls are generally shielded to ful
Page 82 and 83: 6.3.3 Doors As illustrated in Chapt
Page 84 and 85: Photo 6.4 Lead blinds protecting wi
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 2). It is becoming common t
Page 88 and 89: Gaps in shielding are more likely t
Page 90 and 91: ICRP. 2007. Recommendations of the
Page 92 and 93: Appendices Appendix A: Dose limits
Page 94 and 95: Appendix C: Radiation transmission
Page 96 and 97: Figure C.1: Transmission of primary
Page 100 and 101: Table D.3: Physical properties & ef
Page 102 and 103: Appendix E: Schematic diagrams of r
Page 104 and 105: Figure E.7: Shielding around the ed
Page 106 and 107: Figure F. 3: Sample radiation warni
Page 108 and 109: Notes 106 The Design of Diagnostic
Page 110: Notes 108 The Design of Diagnostic
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