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Table V.4.1: Examples of national public information campaigns for hygiene and hand hygiene promotion Campaign Objectives Implementing bodies Target audiences Country Significant results Central American Hand-washing Initiative (1996–1999) 726 Implemented through strong private–public partnerships 1. Market research and consumer studies 2. Campaign materials (posters, advertisements, brochures) 3. Banners in fairs 4. Radio and television spots 5. Promotional materials for children: brochures, colouring books, games 6. Corporate advertising: healthy behaviour with soap promotions Public–private partnership: BASICS and EHP for USAID UNICEF World Vision and CARE Ministries of health and ministries of education Unilever in various countries Televison and radio stations Consumers and the general public Women, especially mothers Schoolchildren Country partners Guatemala El Salvador Honduras Costa Rica Nicaragua Handwashing improved among 10% of women from “inadequate handwashing groups” Percentage of mothers using the correct technique doubled (in three countries) 4.5% reduction in overall prevalence of diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age BASICS: Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival. EHP: The Environmental Health Project. CARE ® : humanitarian organization fighting global poverty.
Table V.4.1: Examples of national public information campaigns for hygiene and hand hygiene promotion (Cont.) Campaign Objectives Implementing bodies Target audiences Country Significant results Handwashing Initiative in Ghana and Kerala 724 (2003 onwards ) 1. Global advocacy: participation at international level; articles in global press; web site 2. Consumer and market research to evaluate most appropriate channels of communication 3. Developing and testing a communication package 4. Sketching and testing advertisements for radio, television, promotional materials, posters, support materials 5. Mobilizing champions 6. Using direct contacts with target audiences to communicate information Public–private partnership: The World Bank London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine UNICEF USAID, AED, Ministries of health, education, works and housing, women’s and children’s affairs in Ghana and India Unilever in various countries Gettrade PZ Cussons Indian Soap and Toiletries Makers’ Association Khadi and Cottage Industry Board Others Consumers and the general public Women, especially mothers Schoolchildren Country partners Ghana India (Kerala State) No data generated so far AED: Academy for Educational Development.
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The WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . ...........
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17. Organizing an education program
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INTRODUCTION The WHO Advanced Draft
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Handwashing. Washing hands with pla
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still considered the standard of ca
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treatment selectively removes glyce
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of the organism on their hands. Mak
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6. MODELS OF HAND TRANSMISSION 6.1
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In the 1960s, a prospective, contro
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for its ability to reduce the relea
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8.2 SHORTCOMINGS OF TRADITIONAL TES
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tions of short-chain aliphatic alco
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9.1.3 WATER QUALITY The physical, c
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Case study: experience of Egypt The
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and both reduced viral counts on ha
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activity of chlorhexidine is not se
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protein synthesis and alteration of
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in micelle structures formed by sur
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In all the studies that included pl
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isopropyl alcohol) were applied to
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3) Glycerol is added using a measur
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in 2005 the costs of an alcohol-bas
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infection, risk factors that are la
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11.4.4 SIDE-EFFECTS OF THE SURGICAL
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• Repeat the process on the other
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12.2 ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS RE
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particularly when resources are lim
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Handrubs are available as gels, sol
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14. HAND HYGIENE PRACTICES AMONG HE
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quantified in observational studies
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According to behavioural theories (
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of water with special leaves) outsi
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Furthermore, according to Phra Depv
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16. BEHAVIOURAL CONSIDERATIONS 16.1
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and community factors must be consi
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i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. a) b) Educat
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tion precautions 580 . There are al
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follow the intent 588 . Studies hav
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18. FORMULATING STRATEGIES FOR HAND
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18.2 DEVELOPING A STRATEGY FOR GUID
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1998 (P
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HCWs routinely to wear vinyl gloves
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quality gloves, reuse, shortage of
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• To test for holes, gloves shoul
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Figure l.20.2: Blood safety: crucia
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Consensus recommendations are that
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D. Wash hands with either plain or
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5. SKIN CARE A. B. C. Include infor
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PART III. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS 1. M
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2. HAND HYGIENE AS A QUALITY INDICA
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can be seen during routine work. Da
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Case study: United Kingdom national
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PART IV. PROMOTING HAND HYGIENE ON
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ated to reinforce its principles (t
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6. PRINCIPLES OF COUNTRYWIDE HAND H
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As many international and national
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debate that resulted in increasing
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23. Lee YL et al. Colonization by S
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Interscience Conference on Antimicr
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122. Vicca AF. Nursing staff worklo
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171. Kauppinen J et al. Hospital wa
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224. Krilov LR et al. Inactivation
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276. Thomas L et al. Development of
Page 140 and 141: 326. Johnson S et al. Prospective,
Page 142 and 143: 34th Interscience Conference on Ant
Page 144 and 145: 423. Kampf G, et al. Influence of a
Page 146 and 147: 474. West DP et al. Evaluation of a
Page 148 and 149: 524. Muto C et al. Hand hygiene rat
Page 150 and 151: 578. Babcock HM et al. An education
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Page 154 and 155: 679. Hirschmann H et al. The influe
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Page 163 and 164: Table I.9.1: Waterborne pathogens a
Page 165 and 166: Table I.9.3: Virucidal activity of
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Page 169 and 170: Table I.9.6: Studies comparing the
Page 171 and 172: Table I.14.1: Hand hygiene frequenc
Page 173 and 174: Table I.14.2: Hand hygiene adherenc
Page 175 and 176: Table I.15.1: Hand hygiene indicati
Page 177 and 178: Table I.18.1: Strategies for succes
Page 179 and 180: Table l.20.1: Possible problems and
Page 181 and 182: Table I.21.1. Hand hygiene research
Page 183 and 184: Table I.21.1: Hand hygiene research
Page 185 and 186: Table I.21.2: Unsolved issues for r
Page 187 and 188: Table III.2.1: Quality indicators r
Page 189: Table V.3.1: Examples of public inf
Page 193: Table V.5.1: The public information
Page 197 and 198: APPENDIX 1. DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH-C
Page 199: APPENDIX 2. HAND AND SKIN SELF-ASSE
Page 202: Data in coloured cells can be chang
Page 206: NHS NICU n-P NPSA NA NS OPD PACU PA
Page 211 and 212: AUTHORS: John Boyce Saint Raphael H
Page 213 and 214: Garance Upham People’s Health Mov
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