Hand hygiene.pdf

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EDITOR: Didier Pittet, Geneva’s University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva; Switzerland SPECIAL THANKS: Rosemary Sudan, Geneva’s University Hospitals, Geneva; Switzerland Members of the Infection Control Programme, Geneva’s University Hospitals, Geneva; Switzerland WHO COLLABORATING DEPARTMENTS: WHO Lyon Office for National Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response, Communicable Diseases Cluster Blood Transfusion Safety, Essential Health Technologies, Health Technology and Pharmaceuticals Cluster Clinical Procedures, Essential Health Technologies, Health Technology and Pharmaceuticals Cluster Making Pregnancy Safer, Reproductive Health and Research, Family and Community Health Cluster Policy, Access and Rational Use, Medicines Policy and Standards, Health Technology and Pharmaceuticals Cluster Vaccine Assessment and Monitoring, Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, Family and Community Health Cluster Water, Sanitation and Health, Protection of the Human Environment, Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments Cluster World Health Organization Evidence and Information for Policy Health Policy, Development and Services(HDS) Patient Safety Programme (PSP) 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Web site: www.who.int/patientsafety
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The WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . ...........
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17. Organizing an education program
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INTRODUCTION The WHO Advanced Draft
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Handwashing. Washing hands with pla
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still considered the standard of ca
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treatment selectively removes glyce
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of the organism on their hands. Mak
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6. MODELS OF HAND TRANSMISSION 6.1
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In the 1960s, a prospective, contro
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for its ability to reduce the relea
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8.2 SHORTCOMINGS OF TRADITIONAL TES
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tions of short-chain aliphatic alco
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9.1.3 WATER QUALITY The physical, c
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Case study: experience of Egypt The
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and both reduced viral counts on ha
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activity of chlorhexidine is not se
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protein synthesis and alteration of
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in micelle structures formed by sur
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In all the studies that included pl
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isopropyl alcohol) were applied to
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3) Glycerol is added using a measur
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in 2005 the costs of an alcohol-bas
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infection, risk factors that are la
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11.4.4 SIDE-EFFECTS OF THE SURGICAL
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• Repeat the process on the other
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12.2 ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS RE
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particularly when resources are lim
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Handrubs are available as gels, sol
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14. HAND HYGIENE PRACTICES AMONG HE
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quantified in observational studies
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According to behavioural theories (
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of water with special leaves) outsi
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Furthermore, according to Phra Depv
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16. BEHAVIOURAL CONSIDERATIONS 16.1
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and community factors must be consi
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i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. a) b) Educat
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tion precautions 580 . There are al
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follow the intent 588 . Studies hav
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18. FORMULATING STRATEGIES FOR HAND
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18.2 DEVELOPING A STRATEGY FOR GUID
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1998 (P
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HCWs routinely to wear vinyl gloves
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quality gloves, reuse, shortage of
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• To test for holes, gloves shoul
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Figure l.20.2: Blood safety: crucia
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Consensus recommendations are that
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D. Wash hands with either plain or
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5. SKIN CARE A. B. C. Include infor
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PART III. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS 1. M
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2. HAND HYGIENE AS A QUALITY INDICA
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can be seen during routine work. Da
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Case study: United Kingdom national
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PART IV. PROMOTING HAND HYGIENE ON
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ated to reinforce its principles (t
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6. PRINCIPLES OF COUNTRYWIDE HAND H
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As many international and national
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debate that resulted in increasing
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23. Lee YL et al. Colonization by S
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Interscience Conference on Antimicr
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122. Vicca AF. Nursing staff worklo
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171. Kauppinen J et al. Hospital wa
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224. Krilov LR et al. Inactivation
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276. Thomas L et al. Development of
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326. Johnson S et al. Prospective,
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34th Interscience Conference on Ant
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423. Kampf G, et al. Influence of a
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474. West DP et al. Evaluation of a
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524. Muto C et al. Hand hygiene rat
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578. Babcock HM et al. An education
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Interscience Conference on Antimicr
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679. Hirschmann H et al. The influe
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729. Martin LS, McDougal JS, Loskos
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Table I.8.1: Basic experimental des
Page 163 and 164: Table I.9.1: Waterborne pathogens a
Page 165 and 166: Table I.9.3: Virucidal activity of
Page 167 and 168: Table I.9.4: Studies comparing the
Page 169 and 170: Table I.9.6: Studies comparing the
Page 171 and 172: Table I.14.1: Hand hygiene frequenc
Page 173 and 174: Table I.14.2: Hand hygiene adherenc
Page 175 and 176: Table I.15.1: Hand hygiene indicati
Page 177 and 178: Table I.18.1: Strategies for succes
Page 179 and 180: Table l.20.1: Possible problems and
Page 181 and 182: Table I.21.1. Hand hygiene research
Page 183 and 184: Table I.21.1: Hand hygiene research
Page 185 and 186: Table I.21.2: Unsolved issues for r
Page 187 and 188: Table III.2.1: Quality indicators r
Page 189 and 190: Table V.3.1: Examples of public inf
Page 191 and 192: Table V.4.1: Examples of national p
Page 193: Table V.5.1: The public information
Page 197 and 198: APPENDIX 1. DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH-C
Page 199: APPENDIX 2. HAND AND SKIN SELF-ASSE
Page 202: Data in coloured cells can be chang
Page 206: NHS NICU n-P NPSA NA NS OPD PACU PA
Page 211 and 212: AUTHORS: John Boyce Saint Raphael H
Page 213: Garance Upham People’s Health Mov
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