Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals ...

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Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals been able to halve, between 1990 and 2001, the proportion of households without sanitation. The respective shares have dropped from 13 to 2 % in Egypt and from 2 to 1 % in Jordan (see Figure 17 and Table A10, Annex). Oman, Syria, and Tunisia will also reach Target 10 if they manage to continue their present path until 2015. In Oman the proportion of people with access to improved sanitation has risen from 84 % in 1990 to 92 % in 2001, in Syria from 55 to 72 %, and in Tunisia from 76 to 84 %. Some other countries in the MENA region will, however, most probably not be able to halve the proportion of people without access to improved sanitation until 2015. Especially the three low-income countries Sudan, Yemen, and Mauritania have made until now only very limited progress towards this goal. The share of households with sanitary facilities has risen only slightly from 58 % (1990) to 62 % (2001) in Sudan, from 32 to 38 % in Yemen, and from 30 to 33 % in Mauritania. These three countries are therefore listed as top-priority countries by UNDP as far as this specific target is concerned. Living conditions of slum dwellers: improved sanitation and secure tenure Target 11 is in fact also a fully independent target. There is a clear link between Targets 10 and 11, but the improvement of the living conditions of slum dwellers (Target 11) is at utmost indirectly correlated with the goal of environmental sustainability (Target 9). The indicator used for Target 11 is the share of people with access to secure tenure and the implicit goal is to halve the share of those who do not have secure tenure. As to the MENA region, there are practically no data available on the progress achieved so far towards this goal. For most countries, nothing is known about the number and living conditions of slum-dwellers, although their share on the total population is probably very small with the possible exceptions of Sudan and Mauritania. Only for three of the MENA countries can we say anything about their prospects to reach Target 11 of the MDG agenda until 2015. These countries are Jordan, the Palestinian Territories, and Morocco. The proportion of people without secure tenure decreased, between 1990 and 2001, from 28 to 24 % in Jordan, and from 16 to 14 % in the Palestinian Territories. In Morocco, the respective share was 12 % in 1990; how it developed since then is however unknown (see Table A10, Annex). German Development Institute 87
3.8 Developing a global partnership for development (MDG8) 88 Markus Loewe The MDG agenda breaks up the goal of a global partnership for development (MDG8) into a large number of targets, which are, however relatively vague in their formulation. Most of them have been quantified or assigned target dates. Some were specified by measurable indicators, but even these indicators cover only small sections of what the respective targets actually refer to. In addition, only one of the 16 indicators for MDG8 is effectively linked to a concrete time-horizon like all the indicators for MDGs 1–7 (see Overview 1). This section deals only with some of the targets and indicators of MDG8. Its focus is on aspects that can be verified on the national and not only the global level (i.e. for which data are available for individual countries). This includes: – the development of an open, rule-based, and nondiscriminatory trading and financial system (Target 12); – the issue of good governance at both the global and the national level (which is generally seen as an aspect of Target 12); – the ODA provided to the least-developed countries (LDCs) (which is an aspect of Target 13) and the cancellation of their official bilateral debts (Target 15); – the development and implementation of strategies for decent and productive work for young people (Target 16); – the provision of affordable essential drugs for the population in developing countries (Target 17); and – the improvement of access to modern information and communications technologies for all people worldwide (Target 18). It is important, though, to bear in mind that the main responsibility for the implementation of MDG8 is generally attributed to the donor countries. Rule-based, nondiscriminatory national trading and financial systems Target 12 of the MDG agenda provides for the development of “an open, rule-based, predictable, nondiscriminatory trading and financial system” (see Overview 1). It thus refers primarily to the international trading and German Development Institute
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Middle East / North Africa and the
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Studies Deutsches Institut für Ent
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Foreword This study is the English
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Contents Abbreviations Executive Su
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Bibliography 163 List of Interview
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Figure 15: Trends in the implementa
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Table A15: Commitment of the govern
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GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tech
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UN HABITAT United Nations Human Set
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Markus Loewe ANND (Arab NGO Network
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Markus Loewe - (2003a): Länderberi
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Markus Loewe Clemens, M. / Ch. Kenn
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Markus Loewe Fues, T. (2005): Entwi
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Markus Loewe IMF / OECD / UN / Worl
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Markus Loewe - (2004d): Maßnahmen
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Markus Loewe Pogge, T. (2003): Ein
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Markus Loewe Schüler, D. / S. Klas
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Markus Loewe - (2004a): Human Devel
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Markus Loewe - (2004g): Kingdom of
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Markus Loewe Georg Schüller, Count
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Discussion Paper 16/2006 Brüntrup,
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