Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals ...

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Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals from 110 million persons in 2005 to 160 millions in 2015. In other words, some 5 million new jobs have to be created each year until the in order to keep unemployment rates at least at their present levels (ibid.). Access to essential medical drugs In its World Health Report 2000 (WHO 2000) estimates the proportion of people in various countries with access to essential medical drugs at affordable prices. These estimates are presented in Figure 24. Accordingly, nearly the entire population of Algeria, Jordan, Libya, and the Gulf states have access to affordable medical drugs, the figures for Egypt, Lebanon, Oman, and Syria are only 80-90 %, and those for Yemen, Morocco, Mauritania, and Tunisia are no higher than 50-70 %. The figure estimated for Sudan even ranges between 0-50 % (Loewe 2004c; see also Table B3). Access to modern technologies The MDG agenda measures the access of the population of developing countries to modern technologies on the basis of two indicators: (i) telephone lines and cellular subscribers per 1000 population and (ii) personal computers per 1000 population. A third indicator, which is also often used, is the number of Internet users per 1000 population. The MENA countries have not done well on any of these indicators. While their average values for the three indicators are higher than those reached by sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, the MENA region is at a far higher level of economic development than these two other world regions. Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and East Asia and the Pacific have recorded far higher values. In the MENA region, only 152 telephone lines exist per 1000 population (land lines and cell phone subscriptions together). The corresponding figure for Eastern Europe and Central Asia is 376, for Latin America and the Caribbean 324, and for East Asia and the Pacific 207. The Gulf states do relatively well on this indicator; their values range from 213 in Oman to 956 in the UAE. Lebanon (407), and Jordan (295) have also got a comparatively dense communication infrastructure. The values for the region’s three low-income countries, however, as well as for Algeria (64), Libya (118), and Syria (115) are very poor (see Table A11, Annex). German Development Institute 101
Markus Loewe Figure 24: Trends in the implementation of MDG8 / Target 14 (Access to affordable medical drugs) Source: By the author, based on estimates presented by WHO (2000) As far as the number of personal computers in use per 1000 population is concerned, the MENA region (32) ranks below Eastern Europe and Central Asia (52) and Latin America and the Caribbean (59), but ahead of East Asia and the Pacific (19). Good figures are reported from the Gulf countries (ranging from 32 in Oman to 164 in Qatar), Lebanon (56), and Jordan (33), while the figures for Morocco (14), Algeria (7), Egypt (16), and Syria (16) are just as poor as those for the three low-income countries Yemen (2), Mauritania (10), and Sudan (14) (see Table A11, Annex). The situation is similar for the use of the Internet (see Figure 25). The average number of web users per 1000 population in the MENA region as a whole is 16, which is far less than the figures for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (43), Latin America and the Caribbean (59), and East Asia and the Pacific (41). Relatively good figures for Internet access per 1000 population have been noted for the UAE (315), Bahrain (203), Kuwait (88), Lebanon (78), and Qatar (66), although the figures for Egypt, Algeria, Yemen, Libya, Mauritania, and Syria are all lower than 10 (see Table A11, Annex). 102 German Development Institute
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Middle East / North Africa and the
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Studies Deutsches Institut für Ent
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Foreword This study is the English
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Contents Abbreviations Executive Su
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Bibliography 163 List of Interview
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Figure 15: Trends in the implementa
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Table A15: Commitment of the govern
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GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tech
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UN HABITAT United Nations Human Set
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43 German Development Institute Ove
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Markus Loewe ANND (Arab NGO Network
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Markus Loewe - (2003a): Länderberi
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Markus Loewe Clemens, M. / Ch. Kenn
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Markus Loewe Fues, T. (2005): Entwi
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Markus Loewe IMF / OECD / UN / Worl
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Markus Loewe - (2004d): Maßnahmen
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Markus Loewe Pogge, T. (2003): Ein
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Markus Loewe Schüler, D. / S. Klas
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Markus Loewe - (2004a): Human Devel
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Markus Loewe - (2004g): Kingdom of
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Markus Loewe Georg Schüller, Count
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Berichte und Gutachten 11/04 Scholz
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Discussion Paper 16/2006 Brüntrup,
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