Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals ...

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Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals that the impacts it achieves bear a reasonable relation to the inputs involved (BMZ 2005a). If this is not the case, thought will have to be given to alternative approaches and instruments. Under certain circumstance thought should even be given to completely terminating DC in a sector or country if the insufficient effectiveness noted for DC is due not to the inefficiency of the measures taken but to structural problems or a lack of the will needed on the partner side to engage in meaningful reforms. Alignment and donor coordination of DC: Finally, it is also essential to give due consideration to the priorities of partner countries and the activities of other donors (BMZ 2005a). In some countries – e.g. in Yemen – this is already working very well (BZ 2005b). In others, though, coordination between donors is still very unsatisfactory. One reason for this is that some of the MENA partner countries have yet to work out national development or poverty-reduction strategies keyed to the MDGs. Another, though, is the fact that the donors are not always prepared to coordinate their activities and then to key their approaches to a meaningful division of labor or to improve their cooperation in a given sector. Indeed, sometimes donors even compete for especially prestigious projects, a state of affairs that permits partner countries to play one donor off against another and thereby evade any conditionalization of DC (Loewe 2000a, 53 f.). 6.4 Policy dialogue Moreover, the German government should make intensive use of the possibilities afforded by its political dialogue with the governments of partner countries. This dialogue is, for several reasons, an important instrument in pursuing the MDGs. First, government-level negotiations and consultations offer a good opportunity to coordinate the development strategies of partner countries with the contributions of donor countries to implementing MDGs 1–7. Second, they also offer an opportunity to negotiate over donor measures designed to implement MDG8. Third, the dialogue offers both sides the opportunity to remind their partners of the obligations both of them have assumed under the Millennium Declaration and to call for more, and more efficient, engagement. What this implies is that the German government should continue to address the MDGs in talks with governments of the MENA countries, inquiring about the state of the ongoing implementation process. The German German Development Institute 157
158 Markus Loewe government should also call on partner governments to explain in detail how or with what measures they intend to implement the MDGs and to name the sectors in which they need DC support and to spell out the reasons involved and the kinds of support required. One especially important factor here is a coordinated, joint approach agreed on with other donors. This should not, in any case, be expressed in set phrases. It is essential to make it perfectly clear to dialogue partners that Germany is serious about the MDGs and expects its partners to do whatever their capacities permit them to reach all of the MDGs. This has three different consequences. First, if it is to appear credible, the German government must meet its own obligations and, in particular, provide a significant contribution to MDG8. Second, what the German government demands of partner countries should never seem to be empty talk. To ensure that such demands have the intended effects, it may be necessary – possibly in coordination with other donors – to announce that there will be consequences if a partner government fails to work for the implementation of the MDGs. Third, concrete consequences announced for certain cases should, if need be, actually be imposed, because otherwise such announcements are unlikely to be taken seriously – in other partner countries as well. The MENA countries should be called upon to meet three principal demands: – A more clear-cut poverty orientation of their economic and social policies; – democratization of their political systems and improvement of their economic and political governance; and – a real commitment to improving the social, economic, political, and legal situation of women (DFID 2004). Reform measures in these three areas are absolutely central to the implementation of all MDGs and for overall development in the MENA region, and for this reason both German DC in the sectors WiRAM, governance, and gender and, in some countries, the very continuation of DC should be made contingent on such reforms. Moreover, German DC should, among other things, make every effort to ensure that – the markets in the MENA countries are liberalized; German Development Institute
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Middle East / North Africa and the
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Studies Deutsches Institut für Ent
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Foreword This study is the English
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Contents Abbreviations Executive Su
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Bibliography 163 List of Interview
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Figure 15: Trends in the implementa
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Table A15: Commitment of the govern
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GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tech
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UN HABITAT United Nations Human Set
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Page 185 and 186: Markus Loewe ANND (Arab NGO Network
Page 187 and 188: Markus Loewe - (2003a): Länderberi
Page 189 and 190: Markus Loewe Clemens, M. / Ch. Kenn
Page 191 and 192: Markus Loewe Fues, T. (2005): Entwi
Page 193 and 194: Markus Loewe IMF / OECD / UN / Worl
Page 195 and 196: Markus Loewe - (2004d): Maßnahmen
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Page 199 and 200: Markus Loewe Schüler, D. / S. Klas
Page 201 and 202: Markus Loewe - (2004a): Human Devel
Page 203 and 204: Markus Loewe - (2004g): Kingdom of
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Berichte und Gutachten 11/04 Scholz
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Discussion Paper 16/2006 Brüntrup,
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