Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals ...

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Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals Overview 5 continued: The MDG agenda and Yemen’s official development goals: a comparison MDG7 – By 2015, connect 100 % of all urban households to the public drinking-water supply (PRSP). – Increase the proportion of the rural population with access to safe drinking water from 25 % (1998) to 50 % (2015) (PRSP). – Increase the share of households with sewage disposal from 7 % (1998) to 60 % (PRSP). MDG8 – Provide for good governance and administration as a means to ensure that available resources are used optimally and all members of society are able to participate in political decision-making processes (PRSP). – Improve the quality of governance and security (five-year plan). – Extend the percentage of paved roads from the present 9 % of all roads to 11km per 1000 km2 (PRSP, five-year plan). Source: By the author, based on Khan / Chase (2003, 2, Table 1); supplemented with data from Republic of Yemen (2002); Republic of Yemen (2003) Yemen’s strategy papers also show the clear-cut influence of the MDGs. While the country’s 1996–2000 five-year plan focused on economic growth and efforts to secure the country’s economic stability, the 2001– 2005 five-year plan specifies poverty reduction and sustainable development as priority goals. Yemen has also prepared a PRSP, even though it has no prospects of being granted debt relief under the HIPC initiative. Its PRSP notes only in passing that the goals it sets out are in conformity with the MDG agenda (Republic of Yemen 2002). The country has nowhere explicitly embraced the MDGs as national development goals. However, nearly all of the MDGs are contained implicitly in the country’s PRSP or in other national strategy papers (see Overview 5). However, the action taken by Mauritania, Algeria, and Yemen still lags further behind the ambitious targets set than the first group of countries named above. In some areas Mauritania has already taken the measures provided for in its PRSP (e.g. in implementing the Plan Directeur National pour la santé in the health sector). In other areas, though, the government is still lagging behind its planning targets. Thus far neither the Programme d’Action National pour l’environnement et le développement German Development Institute 117
118 Markus Loewe durable of 2003 nor the Plan d’Action National pour la nutrition of 1995 have been implemented (UNDG 2002; GTZ / KfW 2005c). The case of Algeria is similar. Its 2001–2003 central development plan refers to all of the MDGs as important national goals. The country has made appreciable progress in its efforts to reform the education sector and increase school enrolment rates. On the other hand, the country has yet to reform its 1984 civil-status law, to implement a program designed to improve waste management, and to pass the legislation needed to translate international environmental conventions into national law. While the country’s goods and factor markets have, formally, been opened and liberalized, informal structures continue to scare off both domestic and foreign investors. The procedures and decisions of administration and judiciary continue to be protracted, complicated, opaque, and hence have a clear-cut anti-business bias (GTZ / KfW 2005a; UN 2004a). 5 Orientation of German development cooperation The 2004 German government report on the contribution provided by Germany to implementing the Millennium Development Goals states: “The MDGs and the Millennium Declaration constitute the binding orientation framework for German development policy.” (Bundesregierung 2004, 1). The German government, it goes on, provides “concrete measures designed to reach the MDGs in relevant countries, and it supports initiatives designed to improve the framework for development, as called for in the Millennium Declaration.” (Ibid: 1; emphasis in original). The report continues: “The joint international goals, including the MDGs, serve as a guideline for the BMZ’s medium-term policy formulation.” (Ibid: 3). In this chapter we will look into whether and to what extent the aims defined by the BMZ and the whole German government as a whole are reflected by the practice of Germany’s development cooperation (DC) with partner countries in the MENA region. We will focus successively on (i) the geographic and (ii) the sectoral orientation of German DC, (iii) the measures supported by it within individual sectors, (iv) the political dialogue with partner governments, and (v) the progress made until today in implementing MDG8, for which the donors bear principal responsibility. German Development Institute
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Middle East / North Africa and the
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Studies Deutsches Institut für Ent
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Foreword This study is the English
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Contents Abbreviations Executive Su
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Bibliography 163 List of Interview
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Figure 15: Trends in the implementa
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Table A15: Commitment of the govern
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GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tech
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UN HABITAT United Nations Human Set
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Markus Loewe Clemens, M. / Ch. Kenn
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Markus Loewe Fues, T. (2005): Entwi
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Markus Loewe IMF / OECD / UN / Worl
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Markus Loewe - (2004d): Maßnahmen
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Markus Loewe Pogge, T. (2003): Ein
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Markus Loewe Schüler, D. / S. Klas
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Markus Loewe - (2004a): Human Devel
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Markus Loewe - (2004g): Kingdom of
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Markus Loewe Georg Schüller, Count
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Berichte und Gutachten 11/04 Scholz
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Discussion Paper 16/2006 Brüntrup,
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