Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals Mauritania, Syria, and Tunisia). 7 DC with Iran and Sudan are under consideration for the future (see Table A16, Annex). The intensive engagement of Germany’s DC with Yemen and the Palestinian Territories would appear reasonable from the perspective of the MDG agenda and against the background of the criteria and considerations outlined above. Both countries are hampered by limited capacities to solve problems, and Yemen at least is faced with a very high urgency to solve its problems as well. By regional comparison, Yemen’s government also shows, at least in tendency, an above-average disposition to solve socioeconomic problems (see Chapter 4). This line of argument would also speak in favor of classifying Sudan, Iraq, and Mauritania as priority partner countries of German DC. But the MDG agenda is not – and should not be – the only criterion used to define the orientation of DC. The German government has good, though different, reasons for not cooperating with Sudan, Iran, and Iraq: poor human rights situation, insufficient protection of minorities, lack of internal security, violations of the norms of international law, etc.. Yet none of these arguments would speak against expanding German cooperation with Mauritania. On the contrary, viewed from the perspective of the MDG agenda, many good reasons exist for making Mauritania a priority partner country of German DC: it suffers a far higher urgency and more limited capacities to solve its problems than most other MENA, and 7 In June 2000 the BMZ decided to improve the effectiveness and significance of German DC by moving toward a policy of regional and sectoral concentration. For one thing, the ministry reduced the number of its cooperation partners from an original 118 to 70 countries, 32 of which have been declared partner countries, 30 of which now have the status of priority partner countries, and eight of which are regarded as potential partner countries for the future. For another, with a view to enhancing the significance of development cooperation, German DC was restricted to one of a total of 10 so-called sectors in the partner country and three sectors in each priority partner country. Sectors in this sense are (i) democracy, civil society, and public administration; (ii) peace-building and crisis prevention; (iii) education (excl. vocational training); (iv) health, family planning, HIV/Aids; (v) drinking water supply, water management, wastewater and waste disposal; (vi) food security and agriculture (incl. fisheries); (vii) environmental policy, protection and sustainable use of natural resources; (vii) economic reform and market systems development; (ix) energy (incl. energy efficiency and renewable energies); (x) transportation and communication (see BMZ 2004a). German Development Institute 125
Markus Loewe the Mauritanian government’s disposition to become active is at least not lower than that of other governments in the region. At the same time, it is not entirely clear from the perspective of the MDGs why Morocco and Egypt should keep their present status of priority partner countries. Both are middle-income countries that have far greater capacities to solve their own problems than e.g. Yemen or Mauritania, and their problems are not quite as urgent to be solved as those of some other countries in the region (see Chapter 4). The reasons again why Algeria, Jordan, Syria, and Tunisia do not have the status of priority partner countries are convincing. Just like Egypt and Morocco, they are middle-income countries with moderate socioeconomic problems and average capacities to solve them. The intention of the BMZ is to restrict DC with these four countries to only one sector in each country, although in practice this is only the case in Jordan and Syria. In both countries, the priority field of German DC is the water sector. In Tunisia, German DC takes place in two sectors (environmental policy; economic reform and market systems development, and in Algeria, it even extends to three sectors (environmental policy; the water sector; economic reform and market systems development). One could ask why Tunisia is still receiving support in the form of DC at all. The fact that Tunisia is likely to reach almost all of the MDGs would be a convincing argument for discontinuing DC support for the country. One reason for not proceeding this way is that termination of DC with a country like Tunisia might seem to be a punishment for the development successes the country has achieved, and this could prove to be a negative incentive for the commitment of other countries. Furthermore, DC with countries already on the road to success can sometimes achieve more than DC with poor countries that are far more reliant on external support, even though they are without the requisite institutional structures and their politicians may lack commitment. 5.2 Definition of sector priorities Against the background of the MDGs, the sectoral orientation of German DC with the MENA countries can also be seen as very largely reasonable. In its priority areas German DC is in a position to provide important contributions to the achievement of the MDGs. However, it is not engaged in all fields that are crucial for this purpose. 126 German Development Institute
Page 2 and 3:
Middle East / North Africa and the
Page 4 and 5:
Studies Deutsches Institut für Ent
Page 6 and 7:
Foreword This study is the English
Page 8 and 9:
Contents Abbreviations Executive Su
Page 10 and 11:
Bibliography 163 List of Interview
Page 12 and 13:
Figure 15: Trends in the implementa
Page 14:
Table A15: Commitment of the govern
Page 17 and 18:
GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tech
Page 19 and 20:
UN HABITAT United Nations Human Set
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
43 German Development Institute Ove
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97: Middle East / North Africa and the
Page 144 and 145: 123 Gerrman Development Institute O
Page 152 and 153: 131 German Development Institute Ov
Page 154 and 155: 133 German Development Institute Ov
Page 182: Middle East / North Africa and the
Page 185 and 186: Markus Loewe ANND (Arab NGO Network
Page 187 and 188: Markus Loewe - (2003a): Länderberi
Page 189 and 190: Markus Loewe Clemens, M. / Ch. Kenn
Page 191 and 192: Markus Loewe Fues, T. (2005): Entwi
Page 193 and 194: Markus Loewe IMF / OECD / UN / Worl
Page 195 and 196: Markus Loewe - (2004d): Maßnahmen
Page 197 and 198:
Markus Loewe Pogge, T. (2003): Ein
Page 199 and 200:
Markus Loewe Schüler, D. / S. Klas
Page 201 and 202:
Markus Loewe - (2004a): Human Devel
Page 203 and 204:
Markus Loewe - (2004g): Kingdom of
Page 205 and 206:
Markus Loewe Georg Schüller, Count
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240:
Page 243 and 244:
Berichte und Gutachten 11/04 Scholz
Page 245:
Discussion Paper 16/2006 Brüntrup,
show all

Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?