Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals ...

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Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals dernourished population. Egypt and Syria could also succeed in reaching this target until 2015 (see Table A1, Annex). In Egypt, for example, the proportion of people suffering from hunger has declined from 5 to 4 % between 1990 and 2001. At the same time, however, at least seven countries in the region are unlikely to achieve Target 2 of MDG1. Two of them – Yemen and Iraq – have even been categorized by UNDP as “top-priority countries” because they have made hardly any progress since 1990 in eradicating hunger (UNDP 2003a, 43). Indeed, the proportion of undernourished families in Yemen has declined only slightly from 36 % in 1990 to 33 % in 2001, while it has risen sharply in Iraq from 7 % (1990) to 27 % (2001). Likewise, the indicator has deteriorated in Jordan (from 4 to 6 %), Iran (from 4 to 5 %), Algeria (from 5 to 6 %), Lebanon (from 2.5 to 3.0 %), and Morocco (from 6.5 to 7.0 %), while it has slightly improved in Mauritania (from 14 to 12 %) and in Sudan (from 31 to 21 %). Nor has the region fared much better on the other official indicator for Target 2, the prevalence of underweight among children under five years of age (see Table A3, Annex). Between 1990 and 2001, this figure has declined in Egypt (from 10 to 4 %), in Tunisia (from 10 to 4 %, as well), and in Algeria (from 10 to 6 %), but also in Mauritania (from 48 to 32 % and in Sudan (from 34 to 11 %). In some countries, however, it has risen very sharply – e.g. in Iraq from 12 to 16 % and in Yemen from 30 to 46 % – which means that it is likely that the average figure for the whole region has risen as well (UNDP 2003b). 3.2 Achieving universal primary education (MDG2) Since 1990, the MENA region as a whole has not made enough progress with respect to educational levels. Many children have never attended a primary school, so that, assuming that present trends continue, the region as a whole will fail to reach MDG2. In addition, the education provided by schools in the region is of poor quality and therefore of only limited use for their graduates. Since 1990, only South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa have made less progress on MDG2 than the MENA countries. German Development Institute 49
Figure 3: Trends in the implementation of MDG2 (Universal primary education) Source: Designed by the author, based on data in Table A4, Annex School enrolment and literacy 50 Markus Loewe Six countries in the MENA region have good chances of reaching MDG2 by 2015. Their school enrolment rates rose substantially between 1990 and 2001 and have now reached levels of over 90 %: the Palestinian Territories (88 %), Tunisia (98 %) Algeria (97 %), Qatar (95 %), Jordan (94 %), and Egypt (92 %). Syria does also have a net primary-school enrolment rate of 96 %, but the country has made no progress on this indicator since 1990 (see Figure 3). Morocco, Kuwait and Yemen have also achieved considerable progress with respect to MDG 2: The primary-school enrolment rate has risen from 58 to 75 % in Morocco, from 45 to 66 % in Kuwait, and from 53 to 67 % in Yemen. In view of the persistently low rates in these countries, however, there is reason to fear that they will not be able to maintain their present pace until 2015. German Development Institute
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Middle East / North Africa and the
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Studies Deutsches Institut für Ent
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Foreword This study is the English
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Contents Abbreviations Executive Su
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Bibliography 163 List of Interview
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Figure 15: Trends in the implementa
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Table A15: Commitment of the govern
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GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tech
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Markus Loewe ANND (Arab NGO Network
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Markus Loewe - (2003a): Länderberi
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Markus Loewe Clemens, M. / Ch. Kenn
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Markus Loewe Fues, T. (2005): Entwi
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Markus Loewe IMF / OECD / UN / Worl
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Markus Loewe - (2004d): Maßnahmen
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Markus Loewe Pogge, T. (2003): Ein
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Markus Loewe Schüler, D. / S. Klas
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Markus Loewe - (2004a): Human Devel
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Markus Loewe - (2004g): Kingdom of
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Markus Loewe Georg Schüller, Count
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Berichte und Gutachten 11/04 Scholz
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Discussion Paper 16/2006 Brüntrup,
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