Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals ...

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Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals Figure 12: Present state of implementation of MDG6 / Target 7 (Prevalence of HIV/Aids) Source: Designed by the author, based on data in Table A8, Annex Notes on the abbreviations: MENA = Middle East and North Africa EAP = East Asia and Pacific EECA = Eastern Europe and Central Asia LAC = Latin America and the Caribbean SA = South Asia SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa In addition, over 80 % of all infected persons in the region are found in only one country, namely in Sudan. There, at the end of 2003, some 2 % of all adults were infected with HIV (a total of some 400,000 persons), with infection figures largely concentrated in the country’s southern provinces. HIV prevalence there is approximately eight times higher than it is in the capital Khartoum – a phenomenon relatively unusual for developing countries (ibid.). This may be due to differences in sexual morals, since Khartoum is largely Islamic while the southern provinces are mainly inhabited by Christians and animists. German Development Institute 75
76 Markus Loewe Compared with other world regions, the number of persons in the MENA region reported to have died from Aids-related causes was likewise very low – even though this “low” figure translates out into an estimated, appalling total of 28,000 deaths (ibid.). One major reason for concern, though, is that some 92,000 inhabitants of the region were newly infected in 2004 alone. This amounts to a rise in the infection rate of some 15 %. Here, in turn, southern Sudan accounted for a substantial proportion of these cases. However, the number of new cases has also risen dramatically in recent years in southern Algeria (in the area around Tamanraset), in Mauritania, in Libya, and in the Tihama (the coastal region) in Yemen (Republic of Yemen 2002a; UN 2004a; UNDG 2002). In Libya alone, 90 % of all new cases have occurred since 2000 (UNAIDS / WHO 2004, 66). In Iran the number of new cases is rising by an annual rate of 15 % (UNAIDS / WHO 2004, 67), the corresponding figure for Jordan being 14 % (Jordan MOPIC / UN 2004). In 2000, 1.7 % of all prostitutes in Tamanraset (southern Algeria) were infected with HIV. In 2004 the figure had already risen to over 9 % (UNAIDS / WHO 2004, 67). With the exception of Mauritania and Sudan, Aids is still in a very early phase in the MENA countries. This means that the region is still in a position to use awareness campaigns and other means to combat its spread. There are, however, fears that this opportunity may be missed. Many of the countries in the region are paying far too little attention to statistically recording cases of HIV infection. This deprives them of the possibility of identifying the main causes of the spread of Aids, i.e. the most important paths of transmission, a step that would be important for selecting instruments adequate to combating the immunodeficiency disease there. Three factors are responsible for this faulty response to the disease. First, the statistical and analytical capacities in the MENA countries are generally not very effective. Second, the region continues to be dominated by the idea that HIV/Aids cannot spread in places where no drugs are consumed and where sexuality is restricted to morally unobjectionable activities. Furthermore, the illusion is widespread in the region that Islam provides protection against HIV/Aids. Third, the fact that it is widely assumed among the general population that HIV/Aids is linked with drug addiction, homosexuality, and unsteady sexual partnerships or sexual unfaithfulness often means that persons who suspect they might be infected with HIV German Development Institute
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Middle East / North Africa and the
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Studies Deutsches Institut für Ent
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Foreword This study is the English
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Contents Abbreviations Executive Su
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Bibliography 163 List of Interview
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Figure 15: Trends in the implementa
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Table A15: Commitment of the govern
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GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tech
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UN HABITAT United Nations Human Set
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Markus Loewe ANND (Arab NGO Network
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Markus Loewe - (2003a): Länderberi
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Markus Loewe Clemens, M. / Ch. Kenn
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Markus Loewe Fues, T. (2005): Entwi
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Markus Loewe IMF / OECD / UN / Worl
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Markus Loewe - (2004d): Maßnahmen
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Markus Loewe Pogge, T. (2003): Ein
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Markus Loewe Schüler, D. / S. Klas
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Markus Loewe - (2004a): Human Devel
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Markus Loewe - (2004g): Kingdom of
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Markus Loewe Georg Schüller, Count
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Discussion Paper 16/2006 Brüntrup,
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