Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals ...

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Middle East / North Africa and the Millennium Development Goals Figure 25: Trends in the implementation of MDG8 / Target 18 (Access to modern information and communication technologies) Abbreviations: see Figure 18. Source: by the author, based on the data in Table A11, Annex 4 Acceptance of the MDGs in the Middle East and North Africa The question now is whether the MENA countries have embraced the MDGs as development goals of their own: – How well known and accepted is the MDG agenda in the region? – To what extent are the region’s political decision-makers willing to commit themselves to implementing the MDGs? German Development Institute 103
104 Markus Loewe – Are the goals reflected in national development plans and have they had any influence on the actual orientation of policy? There is some evidence indicating that most rulers in the MENA region are not especially committed to implementing the MDGs. It is, however, not possible to answer these questions with any degree of certainty for lack of sound evidence. Official documents and communiqués are not particularly reliable in that they do not necessarily reflect the actual opinions and intentions of those responsible for them. They may be bound up with strategic goals. They are often addressed to specific circles – e.g. populations or constituencies, certain interest groups within a given country – or to the international community. In these cases they serve to boost the internal or external legitimacy of individual governments, i.e. their intention is to cast government policy in a favorable light among the populace or to curry favor among external donors (or both at the same time). Even proven facts are not necessarily hard evidence. One indication that the MDGs have met with acceptance might e.g. be that a demonstrable change of political course has taken place in favor of social and ecologically compatible development or that trends for certain MDG indicators have accelerated significantly since the Millennium Declaration. In itself, however, this is not solid evidence for any acceptance of the MDGs or commitment on the part of political decision-makers to implementing them. Neither changes of political course nor social or environmental progress need necessarily be due to the Millennium Declaration. Such progress might have come about even in the absence of the declaration – and been triggered by quite different factors. A country may e.g. have reached a certain phase of development at which its social and economic indicators improve for reasons that have little to do with politics, or it may be reaping a harvest sown in earlier decades. 4.1 Level of awareness and acceptance of the MDG agenda Formally, all countries of the MENA region have accepted the MDGs. Indeed, they themselves have set the goals, together with all other UN member states, at the Millennium Summit in New York. German Development Institute
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Middle East / North Africa and the
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Studies Deutsches Institut für Ent
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Foreword This study is the English
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Contents Abbreviations Executive Su
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Bibliography 163 List of Interview
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Figure 15: Trends in the implementa
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Table A15: Commitment of the govern
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GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tech
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UN HABITAT United Nations Human Set
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43 German Development Institute Ove
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Markus Loewe ANND (Arab NGO Network
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Markus Loewe - (2003a): Länderberi
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Markus Loewe Clemens, M. / Ch. Kenn
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Markus Loewe Fues, T. (2005): Entwi
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Markus Loewe IMF / OECD / UN / Worl
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Markus Loewe - (2004d): Maßnahmen
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Markus Loewe Pogge, T. (2003): Ein
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Markus Loewe Schüler, D. / S. Klas
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Markus Loewe - (2004a): Human Devel
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Markus Loewe - (2004g): Kingdom of
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Markus Loewe Georg Schüller, Count
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Berichte und Gutachten 11/04 Scholz
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Discussion Paper 16/2006 Brüntrup,
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