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Modern architecture had a special impact on hotel architecture Dubai was started in 1994, and its doors were opened to guests on December 1, 1999. It is 321 metres high and was built to resemble the sail of a dhow, a type of Arabian sailing boat. The hotel stands on an artificial island 280 metres out from umeirah beach, and is connected to the mainland by a private curving bridge. Near the top is a helipad, and extending from the other side of the hotel, 200 metres above the ocean, is a restaurant. The Burj al-Arab features the tallest atrium lobby in the world (180 metres high). Architect Tom Wright stated that the hotel was intended to be ‘a building that would become synonymous with the name of the country’. The Burj al-Arab does not have ordinary rooms - it has 202 suites, the smallest of which occupies an area of 169 square metres, and the largest 780 square metres. It is one of the most expensive hotels in the world, with prices ranging from $1,000 to $28,000 a night. LISTENING Listen to the text “Can you name?” and say what it is about. What other differences in European and Oriental art do you know? World Religions Before you read 1. Do you know world’s religions, their founders and Holy books? 2. What are the main Christian holidays? Although there are countless religions, each different from the other, they all serve the same purpose. Each answers questions which all humans seem to be programmed to ask: Why are we here? What happens when I die? How shall I live my life? Religion helps us to transmit our values from one generation to another, and influences the way we interact with the natural environment. It teaches us how to see ourselves in the light of the universe and gives purpose and meaning to life. A huge number of people all over the world profess some religion-Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism or some other. They find answers to the most difficult questions. A civilized modern man treats other people’s beliefs with respect, rejecting those which destroy them or take them away from the real world. With our global society, it is likely that in your lifetime you will meet people from every corner of the 107
planet. Understanding the religious beliefs of these people is one of the many steps which mankind must take in order to prosper together in peace someday. The major religious traditions are Christianity, Islam Judaism and Buddhism. Christianity is the World’s biggest religion. It has about 2.2 billion followers worldwide. All Christians believe that God revealed himself in Jesus Christ, that Christ was crucified and resurrected. He came to the earth to teach love to people. The most important Christian Festivals are Lent, Easter and Christmas. There are three main branches of Christianity - the Catholic Church, the Church of England and the Orthodox Church. The Christian place of worship is a church, also a chapel and a cathedral. Churches are usually beautifully decorated. Christian worship involves praising God in music, speech and readings from scripture. The Bible, the Christian holy book, is divided into the Old and New Testaments. Islam is the second most popular religion in the world with over a thou-1 million followers. Islam began in Arabia and was revealed to humanity by a holy man born in Mecca to whom God told many things which are recorded in the Koran, the Holy Book of Islam, translated as “the word of God”. Those who follow Islam are called Muslims. They believe that there is only one God called Allah. The Muslim building for worship is called a mosque. Very often mosques have a a mina ret, from which Muslims are called to prayer. Mosques have bare walls and very little furniture. The main Muslim holiday is Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic Lunar calendar. During Ramadan all Muslims across the world do not eat during the hours of daylight. Judaism, which has only about 12 million followers, is around 3500 years old and is the oldest of the world’s four great religions. The founder of Judaism is Abraham who is considered as the father of Jewish people. Jews see him as a symbol of trusting and obeying. Moses is also an important figure in Judaism as he gave the Jews the Torah, the Holy Book. Moses was the leader of Jews who freed them from slavery in Egypt. Jews believe in a single God that created the universe. Jews worship in synagogues. In most cases worship takes place in Hebrew [´hi:bru:]. The Jewish spiritual leaders are called rabbis. The most important day of the week is the Sabbath which is a day made holy. During the Sabbath, people do nothing that might be counted as work. Pass over, the main Jewish Festival, is the time when Jewish people remember 108
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Ս. Բաղդասարյան, Ս. Գ
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world in which information can be e
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Fact File • China has become the
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3. Translate into Armenian. 1. We h
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The interviewer: Yes, brain drain.
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Focus on Grammar H
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4. Our new coach is popular... the
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Unit 2 Work Trends Before you read
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1. Translate into Armenian. 1. We d
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Focus on Phonetics
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Fact file In Denmark teachers are a
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MIXED TENSES 4. Choose the right ve
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Willy Smith, the foreman, was quite
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c. What can the results of your eff
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abolish armies and to hold and prom
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and most obscurely, yet most powerf
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3. If you set up home, this means t
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Have you ever tried to memorise som
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Sentence Connectors Explanation: Jo
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Check up 1 HOW GOOD IS YOUR ENGLISH
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5. a person who flies an airplane 6
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Unit 4 Communication Before you rea
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1. Insert words from the vocabulary
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Read the text and discuss the prove
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Formal speech: Due to a period of h
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So what differentiates them? Left-h
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on the stage? What would happen? It
Page 55 and 56: A CUP OF TEA (the end of the story)
Page 57 and 58: 1. a. had to b. could c. should d.
Page 59 and 60: 3. In the US we say ‘hello’ and
Page 61 and 62: Deforestation. The removal of fores
Page 63 and 64: . Finish the sentences giving your
Page 65 and 66: of volcanoes. The Hawaiian Islands
Page 67 and 68: some of the oil in the water or tra
Page 69 and 70: 6. There floods recently in the Afr
Page 71 and 72: The most marketed-to generation in
Page 73 and 74: 1. Insert the words. 1. I spent all
Page 75 and 76: ARRANGING WORDS What can you buy in
Page 77 and 78: Focus on Phonetics
Page 79 and 80: custom colour customs (ëáíáñá
Page 81 and 82: Trouble spot Because is followed by
Page 83 and 84: In 1969 ARPANET, the original Inter
Page 85 and 86: 1. Insert the missing words. 1. San
Page 87 and 88: 2. Research scientists will find cu
Page 89 and 90: WORDS IN USE Insert the words: math
Page 91 and 92: Comprehension 1. Find the passage w
Page 93 and 94: 4. a. have graduated b. had graduat
Page 95 and 96: 4. Scientists consider this a uniqu
Page 97 and 98: c. They cannot stop looking at the
Page 99 and 100: 6. Which of the sentences is the be
Page 101 and 102: Unit 8 Multiculturalism Monument to
Page 103 and 104: Focus on Words Col
Page 105: Hong Kong With skyscrapers that def
Page 109 and 110: Work on Words awe n a feeling of gr
Page 111 and 112: The poem then jumps fifty years int
Page 113 and 114: 2. Insert the words dealing with, d
Page 115 and 116: 1. a. each b. both c. by d. an 2. a
Page 117 and 118: UNIT 9 A Feeling of Style Literary
Page 119 and 120: Before you read 1. Do you enjoy an
Page 121 and 122: Reviewing Dickens Rising to greatne
Page 123 and 124: Pause. Ask a man a civil question h
Page 125 and 126: EMPHASIS Explanation: Inversion Inv
Page 127 and 128: UNIT 10 Inspiration And Creation DI
Page 129 and 130: Freelance photography involves gett
Page 131 and 132: every place where noisy skateboarde
Page 133 and 134: 1. Read the following words and wri
Page 135 and 136: 2.Very often in order to be express
Page 137 and 138: Focus on Grammar P
Page 139 and 140: 5. a. “Isn’t art more satisfyin
Page 141 and 142: eliable source) tabloid, current af
Page 143 and 144: Read the text and answer the questi
Page 145 and 146: Read the text and discuss it. In ab
Page 147 and 148: Check up 3 HOW GOOD IS YOUR ENGLISH
Page 149 and 150: completely or disappear. Most of (7
Page 151 and 152: Gapped Text 8. Fill A-D into the nu
Page 153 and 154: Ծանոթություն` 1. Past S
Page 155 and 156: Table 8: Tense Chart Ժամանակ
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Past simple was/were + participle I
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Table 14: Nouns (Գոյական) A
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Անդրադարձ (Reflexive) Շե
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Գերադրական (Superlative)
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3. Եթե խնդիր երկրորդ
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e back վերադառնալ be in
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lie lay lain պառկել light lit
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Some criticize the idea that humans
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VOCABULARY 1 A abolish [@¹bOlIS] v
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civilization [ ¹ sIvIlaI¹zeISn] n
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describe [dIs¹kraIb] v նկարա
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famous [feIm@s] a հայտնի farc
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intelligence [In¹telIdZ@ns] n խե
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occurrence [@¹kör@ns] n պատա
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eference [ ¹ refr@ns] n մեջբե
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talent [ ¹ t{l@nt] n տաղանդ
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Contents Unit 1 Modern world: Globa
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